Objective To explore the expression of adrenomedulin(ADM) and its receptors mRNA in newborn rats with hypoxic-ischemic brain damage(HIBD).Methods Eighty 7-day-old Wistar neonatal rats were randomly assigned 10 groups,to the sham- operation group(the left common carotid artery without ligated and no hpoxia environment),HIBD different time points groups(0,2,4,6,8,10,12,24,48 hours).The expression of ADM mRNA was measured in cortex at different time points by the reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR).Results Expressions of ADM and its receptors mRNA in neonatal rats with HIBD increased,and after HIBD 2-4 hours,had a significant difference compared with the sharn-operation group,and reached the highest after HIBD 8-10 hours(P

This study is to report the preparation of complexes of Ad5 and anionic liposomes (AL-Ad5), the amplification of adenoviruses with enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) reporter gene performed by HEK 293 cells, the adenoviral vectors purified by cesium chloride gradient centrifugation, and the titer of adenovirus determined by cytopathic effect (CPE) method, hexon capsid immunoassay and quantitative-PCR (Q-PCR), separately. The prescription and experiment conditions were optimized by central composite design (CCD). The complexes of Ad5 and AL-Ad5 were formulated by the calcium-induced phase change method. The morpholopy, particle size and zeta potential were detected by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), respectively. Additionally, the bicolourable fluoresce-labeled complexes (F(labeled)-AL-Ad5) were prepared and their intracellular location in MDCK cells was detected by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). The results indicate that the complexes of AL-Ad5 exhibited a uniform distribution with a particle size of 211 +/- 10 nm and a zeta potential of -41.2 +/- 2.2 mV. The result of CLSM demonstrates that the intracellular location of red fluoresce-labeled adenovirus was consistent with that of green fluoresce-labeled liposomes suggesting that the naked adenovirus was well encapsulated by the anionic liposomes in complexes of AL-Ad5.
Adenoviridae ; genetics ; ultrastructure ; Animals ; Anions ; Cytopathogenic Effect, Viral ; Dogs ; Drug Compounding ; methods ; Genetic Vectors ; Green Fluorescent Proteins ; chemistry ; HEK293 Cells ; Humans ; Liposomes ; chemistry ; pharmacokinetics ; ultrastructure ; Madin Darby Canine Kidney Cells ; Microscopy, Confocal ; Microscopy, Electron, Transmission ; Particle Size ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; methods ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins ; ultrastructure

Background Qiang minority is minority groups of China with the special habits and customs and living condition. So whether the spectrum of disease and bacteria spectrum in conjunctiva are similar with Han nationality is worth paying attention. Objective Present survey was to obtain the data about bacterial species in conjunctival sac in Qiang minority population with the age 40 years old and more and the compare with matched Han nationality population. Methods This survey study was performed as the standardized training and protocol. A total of 212 eyes of 106 individuals from Qiang minority in Beichuan county and 640 eyes of 320 subjects from Han nationality in Mianyang city received questionnaire survey and ophthalmological examination. The secretion of the inferior palpebral conjunctival sac was embrocated and inoculated on blood plate for 48-72 hours. The bacteria was separated and identified. This study was approved by the Ethic Committee of Sichuan Provicial People' s Hospital. Orally informed consent was obtained before the medical procedure. Results All the examinee finished the survey and examination with a good compliance. No significant difference was found in the demography between these two groups of population. The multiple bacterial positive rate in conjunctival sac was 59. 4% in Qiang minority and that of Han people was 66. 3% with a considerably difference between them (χ2 = 2. 27,P = 0. 13). The multiple bacterial species were simultaneously detected in 26.2% in Qiang minority population and 11.88% Han people, showing evidently difference (χ2 = 106. 40, P = 0. 00 ) . The positive rate of corynbaccterium in conjunctival sac of Qiang minority was statistically lower than that of Han people (20. 7% versus 45. 0% ,χ2 =31. 75 ,P = 0. 00) ,but there was no statistical difference in the positive rate of staphylococcus epidemics between two groups (χ2 = 1. 89 ,P = 0. 17). Conclusion The bacteria positive rate in conjunctiva sac is resemble in the population over 40 years in both the Qiang minority and Han nationality. The simple bacterial species is found in majority people in two groups of subjects. The positive rate of multiple bacterial strains coexistence is more in the Qiang minority. The bacterial strains is different between Qiang minority and Han nationality.

Objective To investigate the incidence and its main pathogenic bacteria infection status of food-borne diarrhea and analyze their influencing factors in Yunnan province from 2012 to 2016. Me thods 1743 cases of food-borne diarrhea were collected, which were supervised from 11 hospitals covering from 2012 to 2016 years in Yunnan province.We gathered and tested the biological samples. Meanwhile, we analyzed the main pathogenic bacteria and their influencing factors. Re s ults 65 positive strains samples were checked out in 1743 cases of food-borne diarrhea positive samples, the positive rate was 3.73％ (65/1743). Salmonella and Shigella strains were the main pathogenic bacteria, the main suspect food was meat and its products, as well as fruits and their products. In this study, Professions, methods of processing and clinical diagnosis were considered as the main factors of main pathogenic microbe detectable rates of food-borne diarrhea cases in Yunnan province. Conclus ion We should carry out public health education widespreadly in nursery, scattered children, farmers and migrant workers, students and other special crowds, provide intervention measures, attach great importance to food processing, reduce the possible contamination of food during processing, improve the level of clinical diagnosis and treatment and the recognization ability of food-borne diseases, and propose targeted prevention and control measures.Thus, food-borne disease can be prevented and controlled effectively.

Background: We estimated the incidence and mortality of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) in China in 2010 according to the data of 145 domestic population-based cancer registries in 2014, and no such reports since then. Hence, to further and better understand its epidemiology in China and to provide more precise scientific information for its control and prevention in China, we analyzed the NPC incidence and mortality of 255 domestic population-based cancer registries, and estimated the national rates in 2013 again. Methods: NPC incidence and mortality data of 255 domestic cancer registries in 2013, accepted by the 2016 National Cancer Registry Annual Report, were collected and collated, and the indices of NPC such as the numbers of new cases and deaths, crude rates, age-standardized rates, and truncated rates of incidence and mortality were calculated and analyzed. The incidence and mortality in China and its constituent areas were estimated according to the national population in 2013. Results: An estimated 42,100 new cases and 21,320 deaths were attributed to NPC in China in 2013, accounting for 1.14% of all new cancer cases and 0.96% of all cancer-related deaths that year in China. Crude incidence and mortal-ity of NPC were 3.09/100,000 and 1.57/100,000, respectively. World age-standardized incidence and mortality were 2.17/100,000 and 1.08/100,000, respectively. The incidence and mortality of males were obviously higher than those of females and slightly higher in urban areas than in rural areas. Among seven Chinese administrative regions, NPC incidence and mortality were obviously higher in South China than in other regions and lowest in North China. Top 3 incidence and mortality provinces and registering areas all located in South China. The age-specific incidence and mortality rose quickly from age 25–29 and 35 to 39 years, respectively, peaked at different ages and varied by location. Conclusions: These results demonstrated that NPC incidence and mortality in China in 2013 were also at high levels worldwide, which suggested that its control and prevention should be enhanced.

Liver cancer is a common malignant tumor in China and a major health concern. We aimed to estimate the liver cancer incidence and mortality in China in 2010 using liver cancer data from some Chinese cancer registries and provide reference for liver cancer prevention and treatment. We collected and evaluated the incidence and mortality data of liver cancer in 2010 from 145 cancer registries, which were included in the 2013 Chinese Cancer Registry Annual Report, calculated crude, standardized, and truncated incidences and mortalities, and estimated new liver cancer cases and deaths from liver cancer throughout China and in different regions in 2010 from Chinese practical population. The estimates of new liver cancer cases and deaths were 358,840 and 312,432, respectively, in China in 2010. The crude incidence, age-standardized rate by Chinese standard population (ASR China), and age-standardized rate by world standard population (ASR world) were 27.29/100,000, 21.35/100,000, and 20.87/100,000, respectively; the crude, ASR China, and ASR world mortalities were 23.76/100,000, 18.43/100,000, and 18.04/100,000, respectively. The incidence and mortality were the highest in western regions, higher in rural areas than in urban areas, and higher in males than in females. The age-specific incidence and mortality of liver cancer showed a rapid increase from age 30 and peaked at age 80-84 or 85+. Our results indicated that the 2010 incidence and mortality of liver cancer in China, especially in undeveloped rural areas and western regions, were among high levels worldwide. The strategy for liver cancer prevention and treatment should be strengthened.
China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Liver Neoplasms ; epidemiology ; mortality ; Male ; Registries ; Rural Population ; Sex Distribution ; Urban Population

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is common in South China. Although regional epidemiological data on NPC in China is available, national epidemiological data have been unavailable up to now. The goal of this study was to analyze the NPC incidence and mortality data in some domestic cancer registries, estimate these rates in China in 2010, and provide scientific information that can be harnessed for NPC control and prevention. To accomplish this goal, NPC incidence and mortality data for 2010 were collected from 145 Chinese cancer registries from which data were included in the 2013 National Cancer Registry Annual Report. Such indices as its incident and death numbers, crude rates, age-standardized rates and truncated rates were calculated and analyzed. The incidence and mortality in China and constituent areas were estimated according to the national population in 2010. An estimated 41,503 new cases and 20,058 deaths were attributed to NPC in China in 2010, accounting for 1.34% of all new cancer cases and 1.03% of all cancer-related deaths that year in China. Crude incidence and mortality were 3.16/100,000 and 1.53/100,000, respectively. World age-standardized incidence and mortality were 2.44/100,000 and 1.18/100,000, respectively. Incidence and mortality were higher among males than among females and slightly higher in urban areas than in rural areas. Among seven Chinese administrative regions, NPC incidence and mortality were obviously higher in South China than in other regions and lowest in North China. The male and female age-specific incidence and mortality both rose quickly from age 25-29 years, but peaked at different ages and varied by location. These results demonstrated that NPC incidence and mortality in China especially in South China were at high levels in the world, and suggested that control and prevention efforts should be enhanced.
Carcinoma ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms ; epidemiology ; mortality ; Registries ; Rural Population ; Urban Population

The quantum chemical method is employed to study the modified asymmetric allylation of benzaldehyde controlled by diisopropyl D-(-)-tartrate auxiliary. All the structures are optimized completely at the B3LYP/6-31G(d,p) level. The (R)-secondary alcohol can be achieved mainly through a six-membered ring chair-like transition state structure. From the relative reaction rates theory the main product configuration predicted is in agreement with the experiment result.
Benzaldehydes ; analysis ; chemistry ; Boronic Acids ; analysis ; chemistry ; Carbon ; analysis ; chemistry ; Computer Simulation ; Hydrogen ; analysis ; chemistry ; Isomerism ; Models, Chemical ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Conformation ; Phase Transition ; Quantum Theory ; Solutions

OBJECTIVETo construct a method for detecting the copy number of survival of motor neuron 1 gene (SMN1) with single copy difference based on real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR, and to make practical use of the method for acquiring the data on SMN1 copy number in Chinese as well as for screening the carriers of spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) from healthy individuals and SMA families.

METHODSExon 7 and flanking area of SMN1 gene were amplified by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR in 264 healthy individuals, in 1 standard sample having 2 SMN1 but having no SMN2, and in 88 parents of SMA patients. The samples for detecting were diluted to 30 ng/microL and the standard sample was diluted to 15 ng/microL, 30 ng/microL, 45 ng/microL, 60 ng/microL; the unknown samples and 4 standard samples with different concentrations were amplified at the same time, a standard curve could be drawn out according to the results of the 4 standard samples, then the copy number of samples could be calculated.

RESULTSOf 88 parents' samples, 84 samples each had 1 copy of SMN1, and the rest 4 each had 2 copies of SMN1. Of 264 healthy individuals' samples, 5 samples each had only 1 copy of SMN1 (an indicator of definite gene carriers), 232 samples each had 2 copies of SMN1, 25 samples each had 3 copies of SMN1, and 2 samples each had 4 copies of SMN1. Of the samples of 32 members of SMA families, 2 samples each had only 1 copy of SMN1 indicating definite gene carriers, 25 samples each had 2 copies of SMN1, and 5 samples each had 3 copies of SMN1.

CONCLUSIONSMN1 copy number could be detected precisely by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR; the screening of gene carriers could provide essential data for genetic counseling.

Exons ; Family Health ; Female ; Fluorescence ; Gene Dosage ; Humans ; Male ; Muscular Atrophy, Spinal ; genetics ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; methods ; Survival of Motor Neuron 1 Protein ; genetics

Male germ cells are particularly susceptible to DNA damage by genotoxic agents during spermiogenesis and spermatozoal maturation, and meanwhile lack an effective repair system to eliminate the lesions. Because the DNA damaged sperm still has fertilizability and developmental potentiality, damage repair may occur after fertilization, but its mechanism remains unknown. Histone H2AX phosphorylation (gammaH2AX) is reportedly involved in the repair of damaged sperm DNA after fertilization. This review aims to summarize the present knowledge on the mechanism of gammaH2AX-mediated repair of DNA damaged sperm in the zygote.
DNA Damage ; DNA Repair ; Histones ; metabolism ; Humans ; Male ; Phosphorylation ; Spermatozoa ; pathology ; Zygote