Humans ; Mandible ; surgery ; Osteogenesis, Distraction ; methods ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures

Objective To systematically evaluate the application of problem-based learning (PBL)in the teaching process of health management major in China.Methods Databases including CNKI (1979 to December the 2015),VIP (1989 to December the 2015),Wanfang (1982 to December the 2015) and PubMed were systematically retrieved.Any literature about PBL of health management major was included.Seffdeveloped data extraction form was used for collecting the information.Data were input and analyzed using Excel 2007.Results 15 papers were included in the analysis.The first author mainly came from the northeast region of China (7).Most (10) papers did not get the funding support.No paper was published in the journals contained in the Guide to the Core Journals of China.6 papers of experimental studies compared the performance difference of students of the PBL and lecture-based learning (LBL),which was statistically significant.Conclusion PBL is superior to the LBL.However,due to the large difference in the quality of literature,more studies were needed to determine the effect of PBL.Moreover,we should pay attention to the combination of PBL and LBL.

Objective To compare the efficacy of different volume of ropivacaine and lidocaine for ultrasound-guided infraclavicular brachial block.Methods Sixty patients scheduled for distal upper limb surgery were divided into group A and group B by random digits table method with 30 cases each.The patients were given ultrasound-guided infraclavicular brachial block,but the patients in group A using 0.3％ ropivacaine mixed with 1％ lidocaine 20 ml,the patients in group B using the same mixture 30 ml.Sensory block was assessed every 5 min after the block.Motor block was evaluated at 30 min after the block.The onset time of anesthesia,surgical success rate,complications and duration of anesthesia were recorded.Results There was no significant difference in the surgical success rate [93.3％(28/30) vs.96.7％(29/30),P＞0.05],onset time of sensory block [10 (5) min vs.5 (5) min,P＞0.05] and degree of motor block between the 2 groups.The duration of anesthesia in group A was shorter than that in group B (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The efficacy of ultrasound-guided infraclavicular brachial block with the mixture of 0.3％ ropivacaine and 1％ lidocaine 20 ml and 30 ml is similar in surgical success rate and onset time of anesthesia.

Objective To investigate the prevalence of nodular gastritis,duodenal ulcer before and after eradicative treatment of helicobactor pylori(Hp) infection in children with gastroscopy.Methods This was a retrospective analysis of 1 275 children,age ranging 1 to 16 years old,collected from our hospital in recent 10 years,detecting rates of before eradicative treatment and after eradicative treatment were analyzed.Gastroscopes were analyzed with regard to a possible association with the infection.Results The detecting rate(11.89%) of duodenal ulcer after eradicative treatment was lower than that(17%) before eradicative treatment(P

0.05).There was significant difference of curative effect before and after treatment of children with RAP(?2=6.74,P

Objective To explore the changes of Clara cell secretory protein(CCSP) in asthmatic children and the effects of inhaling glucocorticoid (ICS) on CCSP.Methods Sixty children with asthma were selected as asthma group(in which 39 cases were male and 21 cases were female,aged 3-12 years old) and 30 healthy children were selected as healthy control group(in which 20 cases were male and 10 cases were female,aged 3-12 years old).Venous blood samples were collected in asthma group and healthy control group in morning before breakfast,and then sera were obtained by centrifuge in speed of 1 500 r?min-1 in 10 min.The dynamic levels of CCSP were measured in sera by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Results 1.In asthmatic children,the CCSP levels in acute episode,3 months after ICS,6 months after ICS, and 12 months after ICS[(5.140?2.331)?g?L-1,(8.730?3.392)?g?L-1,(10.510?2.813)?g?L-1]were all lower than that in healthy control group[(13.230?4.010)?g?L-1](Pa0.05).2.Compared with acute episode,the patients who ICS for 3 months,6 months and 12 months had significantly higher levels of CCSP (Pa0.05).Conclusions CCSP may play a protective role in the airway inflammation of asthma.Glucocorticoid may increase CCSP level in asthmatic children.Glucocorticoid and CCSP may cooperate in anti-inflammation in airway of asthmatic children.

Objective To study the survival,migration and differentiation of the neural stem cells which transplanted into ventral horn of spinal cord after brachial plexus avulsion.Methods Neural stem ceils isolated from spinal cord of neogenetic rats and cultured,expanded,labeled by BrdU before transplanted. Twenty adult healthy SD rats preformed as the model of brochial plexus avulsion(Roots C_(5～7)),then transplan- rod stem ceils into the C_6 ventral horn of spinal cord.On 1,2,4,8,12 weeks postoperatively,immunohisto- chemistry assay were carried out in the spinal cord.Results Transplanted into ventral horn of spinal cord after brachial plexus avulsion.Neural stem cells can survive,migrate for at least one segment of spinal cord and differentiate to neurons and astrocytes.The differentiation of stem cells were time-depends.Conclusion Neural stem cells can survive,migrate and differentiate after transplanted into ventral horn of spinal cord in the rats which suffered from brachial plexus avulsion.

Objective To explore the role and clinical significance of interleukin-6(IL-6) in children with bronchial asthma.Methods Sera were collected from 29 cases with asthmatic attacks,32 asthmatic children who in stable conditions,and 20 health children.Serum IL-6 concentrations were measured by radioimmunoassay(RIA).Results 1.Asthmatic children appeared significantly higher levels of serum IL-6 during asthmatic attacks as compared to those in stable conditions and healthy ones respectively(P3 years old had significantly higher serum IL6 concentrations than ≤3 years old children in remission.Conclusion IL-6 may participate pathogenesis of asthma,and it may play different biological roles during asthmatic attacksas or stable conditions.

Adult ; Female ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; complications ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Interferon-alpha ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Nephrotic Syndrome ; etiology

Twelve cases of Bartter's syndrome were reported and reviewed retrospectively.Usually vomiting was the first sympton in children,while fatigue was common in adults.Bartter's syndrome was characteristic of hypokalemia,metabolic alkalosis,elevations of plasma renin activity,serum angiotersinⅡand aldosterone and juxtaglomerular apperatus hyperplasia.Supplementation of potassium choloride was the main manner of therapy.