OBJECTIVE: To examine the bone proportional measurement standard on the chest and abdomen of modern women. METHODS: The height, weight and distances of bone proportional measurement chest and abdomen of 101 young females were measured. The height was divided by 75 to calculate the data of bone proportional measurement, and compared with the national standard published in 2006 and the ancient literature of Miraculous Pivot: Gudu. RESULTS: The bone proportional distances between two nipples and two coracoid processes of women were 8 cun and 12 cun respectively, which were in line with the 2006 national standard. The bone proportional distance from navel to superior margin of pubic symphysis (Qugu) was 6.5 cun, which was consistent with the ancient literature of Miraculous Pivot: Gudu. The bone proportional distance from suprasternal fossa to the middle point of xiphisternal synchondrosis (Qigu) was less than 9 cun, while the bone proportional distance from Qigu to navel was more than 8 cun, resulting in the ratio less than 9︰8. The bone proportional distance from suprasternal fossa to the middle point of xiphoid process was 9 cun, corresponding to the ratio of 9︰8 when comparing with the measurement from the middle point of xiphoid process to navel. CONCLUSION The bone proportional distance measurement between two nipples and two coracoid processes of women should follow the 2006 national standard, and the bone proportional distance measurement from navel to superior margin of pubic symphysis should follow the standard of Miraculous Pivot: Gudu. The middle point of xiphisternal synchondrosis should be replaced by the middle point of xiphoid process.
Abdomen ; Abdominal Cavity ; Acupuncture Points ; Bone and Bones ; Female ; Humans ; Umbilicus

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the overall survival (OS) of elderly acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients treated with oral arsenic-containing Qinghuang Powder (, QHP) or low-intensity chemotherapy (LIC). METHODS: Forty-two elderly AML patients treated with intravenous or subcutaneous LIC (1 month for each course, at least 3 courses) or oral QHP (3 months for each course, at least 2 courses) were retrospectively analyzed from January 2015 to December 2017. The main endpoints of analysis were OS and 1-, 2-, 3-year OS rates of patients, respectively. And the adverse reactions induding bone marrow suppression, digestive tract discomfort and myocardia injury were observed. RESULTS: Out of 42 elderly AML patients, 22 received LIC treatment and 20 received QHP treatment, according to patients' preference. There was no significant difference on OS between LIC and QHP patients (13.0 months vs. 13.5 months, >0.05). There was no significant difference on OS rates between LIC and QHP groups at 1 year (59.1% vs. 70.0%), 2 years (13.6% vs. 15%), and 3 years (4.6% vs. 5.0%, all >0.05). Furthermore, there was no significant difference of OS on prognosis stratification of performance status > 2 (12 months vs. 12 months), age> 75 year-old (12.0 months vs. 12.5 months), hematopoietic stem cell transplant comorbidity index >2 (12 months vs. 13 months), poor cytogenetics (12 months vs. 8 months), and diagnosis of secondary AML (10 months vs. 14 months) between LIC and QHP patients (>0.05). CONCLUSION QHP may be an alternative treatment for elderly AML patients refusing LIC therapy.
Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Antineoplastic Agents ; therapeutic use ; Arsenicals ; therapeutic use ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute ; drug therapy ; mortality ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Powders ; Retrospective Studies

In vivo electroporation of morpholinos (MOs) into the retina of adult zebrafish is an efficient method to study gene function related to retinal disease and regeneration. However, the currently reported methods are complicated with low MO transfer efficiency and high probability to cause collateral damage. The present study was aimed to optimize the existing MO electroporation methods. Two major changes were made to MO electroporation procedure in zebrafish retina. One was to coat the inner side of the electrode with ultrasonic gel. The other was to replace the commonly used round electrode with novel rectangular one. The results showed that the use of ultrasonic gel reduced collateral damage caused by retinal electroporation and simplified the experimental procedure. The rectangular electrode significantly increased transfection efficiency of MO electroporation. In particular, knocking down the expression of Ascl1a in the retina by using our method significantly inhibited the generation of retinal progenitor cells. These results suggest our method is the optimization of the current MO electroporation methods and may be a better alternative for relevant researchers.

Objective There are few comparative researches on open reduction internal fixation, hemishoulder arthroplasty and reverse total shoulder arthroplasty for the treatment of complex proximal humeral fractures. The purpose of this study was to explore the clinical efficacy of three surgical Methods for the treatment of complex proximal humeral fractures.Methods A retrospective study of 55 cases of complex proximal humeral fractures treated in our department from November 2013 to May 2016. According to different surgical Methods , the patients were divided into three groups: open reduction internal fixation group of 20 cases (open reduction and internal fixation using locking plate), hemishoulder arthroplasty group of 20 cases (artificial humeral head replacement), reverse total shoulder arthroplasty group of 15 cases (head-glenoid inverted shoulder replacement). Regular postoperative review was done to record the ranges of motion. The function of shoulder joint was evaluated by ASES score, VAS pain score, UCLA score and SST score.Results 6 months after the operation, the internal rotation function of the hemishoulder arthroplasty group\[(49.1±3.3)°\] was better than those of reverse total shoulder arthroplasty group \[(43.7±4.5)°\] and open reduction internal fixation group \[(41.7±5.0)°\], but the external rotation function\[(25.7±5.4)°\] was worse than the other two groups\[(38.0±5.6)°, (39.5±4.6)°\], the differences representing statistical significance(P<0.05). The functions of forward bending and external rotation of reverse total shoulder arthroplasty group were superior to hemishoulder arthroplasty group and open reduction and internal fixation group(P＜0.05). 1 years after the operation, there was no significant difference among three groups in the aspects of ASES scores, VAS pain score, UCLA score, SST score and complication rate (P>0.05).Conclusion Three surgical Methods can all be used in the treatment of complex proximal humeral fractures with equivalent efficacy. Reverse total shoulder arthroplasty leads to earlier shoulder joint range of motion, but lacks middle-term and long-term curative effect. Clinicians should take surgical indications and individualization into consideration comprehensively to make the choice among three surgical Methods .

Objective To study the efficacy of pemetrexed or fluorouracil in combination with irinotecan in the treatment of advanced colorectal cancer. Methods 68 patients with advanced colorectal cancer were selected from January 2014 to January 2016 in Qinghai Provincial People's hospital. Patients were divided into the control group and the observation group by random grouping, and 34 patients for each group. Patients in the control group were received second-line therapy with fluorouracil and irinotecan. The patients in the observation group were received second-line therapy with the combination of pemetrexed and irinotecan. After treatment, the treatment effects, adverse reactions and living conditions of two groups were compared. Results The total effective rate of the observation group was 38.24%, was higher than that of the control group 8.82% (P<0.05); the observation group's disease control rate was 76.47%, was higher than that of the control group 52.94% (P<0.05). The incidence of adverse reactions in the observation group was 200.00%, which was lower than 305.88% in the control group (P<0.05). Progression free survival time in the observation groupwas (6.81±2.31) months, was higher than the control group (3.75±1.06) months (P<0.05); the total survival time in the observation group was (14.69±4.28) month, was higher than the control group (8.76±2.27) month (P<0.05). Conclusion In the second-line treatment of advanced colorectal cancer, the application of raltitrexed combined with irinotecan treatment, could improve the total efficiency of treatment and disease control rate, reduce adverse reactions, and prolong the survival time of patients.

The open reading frame of 1-hydroxy-2-methyl-2-(E)-butenyl 4-diphosphate reductase (HDR) was cloned from Phlegmarirus carinatus by RT-PCR method and the sequence was analyzed by bioinformatics tools. After searching the transcriptome dataset of P. carinatus, one unique sequence encoding 1-hydroxy-2-methyl-2-(E)-butenyl 4-diphosphate reductase was discovered. The primers were designed according to the cDNA sequence of 1-hydroxy-2-methyl-2-(E)-butenyl 4-diphosphate reductase from the dataset. And then, the open reading frame (ORF) of 1-hydroxy-2-methyl-2-(E)-butenyl 4-diphosphate reductase, named as PcHDR1 (GenBank Accession number：JQ957845), was cloned by RT-PCR strategy with the template of mixed RNA extracted from roots, stem and leaf of P. carinatus. The bioinformatic analysis of this gene and its corresponding protein was performed. The ORF of PcHDR1 consisted of 1 437 base pairs (bp), encoding one polypeptide with 478 amino acids. The sequence comparison showed that PcHDR1 is closest with GbHDR (Ginkgo biloba),and the sequence homology was up to 78%. Bioinformatics prediction and analysis indicated that PcHDR1 protein contained a conserved domain of LytB, without transmembrane region and signal peptides. This study cloned and analyzed 1-hydroxy-2-methyl-2-(E)-butenyl 4-diphosphate reductase from P. carinatus. The result will provide a foundation for exploring the function of PcHDR1 involved in terpene biosynthesis in P. carinatus plants.

To investigate the effect of schisantherin A on liver sinusoid endothelial cell function and angiogenesis. Different dosages (0-40 μmol•L⁻¹) of schisantherin A were incubated 24 h with SK-HEP-1 cells, and the toxicity of SK-HEP-1 cells was assayed by MTT method. The proliferation of SK-HEP-1 cells were induced by the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), with receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor sorafenib as the control, at the same time, set up the control group, 2, 20 μmol•L⁻¹ schisantherin A were incubated with SK-HEP-1 cells, cell proliferation was analyzed by EdU DNA cell proliferation kit. Fluorescence probe method was used to assay the intracellular NO levels and NOS activity. Tube formation was observed using cell migration and a matrigel tube formation assay. Rat aortic ring assay was performed to observe the sprouting vessels from aortic ring. The fluorescence vessels, the number of functional blood vessels, and intersegmental vessel changes of transgenic zebrafish were also observed. Compared with control group, the proliferation of SK-HEP-1 cells induced by VEGF increased and and the level of NO and NOS activity induced; compared with model group, 2, 20 μmol•L⁻¹ schisantherin A and sorafenib inhibited the proliferation of SK-Hep-1 cells induced by VEGF, and reduced the level of NO and NOS activity. At the dosage of 20 μmol•L⁻¹, schisantherin A attenuated the migration and tube formation of SK-HEP-1 cells induced by VEGF, and also inhibition the formation of rat aortic rings and intersegmental vessel changes of transgenic zebrafish, and significantly reduce the number of vessels in zebrafish. Schisantherin A has potential effects on function of endothelial cell proliferation and angiogenesis.

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the acetylcholine concentration in the blood and gelsenicine-induced death in mice. Kunming mice were given intraperitoneal injections of normal saline, gelsenicine or different doses of acetylcholine chloride. Atropine was given to the mice which received gelsenicine or medium dose acetylcholine chloride injection. The blood was sampled immediately when the mice died or survived for 20 min after injection. The acetylcholine concentration and acetylcholinesterase activity in the blood were measured by the testing kits, and the mortality was calculated and analyzed. The results showed that half lethal dose of gelsenicine (0.15 mg/kg) reduced the acetylcholinesterase activity and increased the blood acetylcholine concentration. The blood acetylcholine concentration of the dead mice in the gelsenicine group was increased to 43.0 μg/mL (from 31.1 μg/mL in the control), which was lower than that (53.9 μg/mL) of the dead mice in the medium dose acetylcholine chloride group, but almost equal to that (42.7 μg/mL) of the survival mice in the medium dose acetylcholine chloride group. Atropine could successfully rescue the mice from acetylcholine poisoning, but its efficiency of rescuing the mice from gelsenicine intoxication was weak. These results suggest that gelsenicine can inhibit acetylcholinesterase activity and increase blood acetylcholine concentration, but the accumulation of acetylcholine may not be the only or main cause of the death induced by gelsenicine in mice.
Acetylcholine ; Animals ; Death ; Indole Alkaloids ; Mice

The multiple components in Chinese herbal medicines (CHMS) will experience complex absorption and metabolism before entering the blood system. Previous studies often lay emphasis on the components in blood. However, the dynamic and sequential absorption and metabolism process following multi-component oral administration has not been studied. In this study, the in situ closed-loop method combined with LC-MS techniques were employed to study the sequential process of Chuanxiong Rhizoma decoction (RCD). A total of 14 major components were identified in RCD. Among them, ferulic acid, senkyunolide J, senkyunolide I, senkyunolide F, senkyunolide G, and butylidenephthalide were detected in all of the samples, indicating that the six components could be absorbed into blood in prototype. Butylphthalide, E-ligustilide, Z-ligustilide, cnidilide, senkyunolide A and senkyunolide Q were not detected in all the samples, suggesting that the six components may not be absorbed or metabolized before entering the hepatic portal vein. Senkyunolide H could be metabolized by the liver, while senkyunolide M could be metabolized by both liver and intestinal flora. This study clearly demonstrated the changes in the absorption and metabolism process following multi-component oral administration of RCD, so as to convert the static multi-component absorption process into a comprehensive dynamic and continuous absorption and metabolism process.

Endophytic fungi Penicillium dangeardii, isolated from Lysidice rhodostegia Hance root, was fermented and the secondary metabolites were studied. By means of Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography, ODS column chromatography and PHPLC over the fermented culture, 5 compounds were isolated. By using ESI-MS and NMR, the structures of the compounds were determined as N-[9-(β- D-ribofuranosyl)-9H-purin-6-yl]-L-aspartic acid (1), 3-caffeoylquinic acid (2), 4-caffeoylquinic acid (3), and 5-caffeoylquinic acid (4), 3-hydroxy-benzoic acid-4-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (5).
Biological Factors ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; metabolism ; Endophytes ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Fabaceae ; microbiology ; Fermentation ; Molecular Structure ; Penicillium ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Secondary Metabolism