Observations on blood pressure and myocardial contraction were taken on 20 cats under urethane anesthesia and artificial respiration. 3% sodium pentobarbital solution was injected intravenously into the cats until the blood pressure dropped to about 10 mm Hg, the heart beat nearly arrested and the pulsation scarcely felt, then, the boiled extract of aconite root equivalent to dried herb 100-400 mg/kg was injected intravenously, the response of the cats were striking, the blood pressure rose markedly, and the amplitude of myocardial contraction significantly enhanced. Same results were obtained when the experiments were repeated.By pharmacological analysis it is more likely that the pressor effect is due to the stimulation action on the ?-receptor of the vascular wall and the cardio-tonic effect is in connection with ?1-receptor of the myocardium.

OBJECTIVETo compare the effectiveness and safety of transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) and transurethral enucleative resection of the prostate (TUERP) in the treatment of benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH).

METHODSA total of 630 BPH patients with indication of surgery were randomly assigned to receive TURP (n = 305) and TUERP (n = 325), respectively. There were no significant differences preoperatively in age, prostate volume, International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), and Qmax between the two groups (P > 0.05). The prostate resection rate, operation time, postoperative complications, and quality of life (QOL) of the patients were recorded and statistically analyzed.

RESULTSCompared with TURP, TUERP showed a significantly higher rate of prostate resection ([47.0 +/- 13.3] vs [60.1 +/- 12.3]%, P < 0.05), shorter operation time ([57.9 +/- 15.9] vs [40.4 +/- 14.2] min, P < 0.05), and shorter bladder irrigation time ([2.7 +/- 0.6] vs [2.2 + 1.1] d, P < 0.05). Significant differences were found between the pre- and post-operative levels of serum sodium and hemoglobin in the TURP group ([141.2 +/- 3.5 ] vs [136.9 +/- 4.7] mmol/L, P < 0.01; [137.6 +/- 8.8] vs [124.8 +/- 9.6] g/L, P < 0.01), but not in the TUERP group. Three months after operation, IPSS, QOL, and Qmax were all markedly improved in both groups (P < 0.01), but with no significant differences between the two groups (P >0.05).

CONCLUSIONTUERP is better than TURP in the treatment of BPH for its advantages of higher resection rate of the prostate, shorter operation time and bladder irrigation time, less intraoperative blood loss, fewer postoperative complications, and faster recovery.

Objective To explore the feasibility and safety of fentanyl, sufentanil or remifentanil combined with target-controlled infusion (TCI) of propofol for sedation in the elderly undergoing colonoscopy. Methods In this prospective randomized study, 60 patients undergoing colonoscopy and propofol TCI were randomly assigned to group F (fentanyl), group S (sufentanil) and group R (remifentanil)(each n=20). Patients in group F received a single bolus of fentanyl, while those in group S and group R received TCI sufentanil and remifentanil separately. The blood pressure, heart rate, blood oxygen content and Bispectral index (BIS) were monitored, and all the complications were recorded. Results All patients were adequately sedated. There were no significant differences in general conditions, hemodynamics changes, sedation depth and adverse event among the three groups (all P＞0.05). Time for recovery was longer in group F [(21.3±4.6) min] than in group S [(19.9±3.3) min] and group R [(15.9±1.8) min, P＜0.05]. Conclusions For the elderly undergoing colonoscopy, sedation with fentanyl, sufentanil or remifentanil combined with propofol TCI is feasible and safe. It is more excellent for the remifentanil group at shorter discharge time.

Objective To investigate the relationship between vaginal and intestinal Candida in patients with vulvovaginal candidiasis by using microbiological and molecular methods. Methods The samples of vaginal discharge and anal swabs were collected from 148 cases with vulvovaginal candidiasis,followed by fungal culture, identification, purification and genome DNA extraction. The genome sequences from respective locations were aligned and typed according to their homology analyzed by internal transcribed spacer (ITS) PCR and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) PCR. Patients with vulvovaginal infection or those with infections in intestine and vulvovagina were pooled respectively, while the recurrent incidences after local anti-fungal treatments were analyzed. Results Candida albicans is the dominant pathogen in 148 cases with vulvovaginal candidiasis (91.9% , 136/148) ; 33. 1% (49/148) of patients with vulvovaginal candidiasis were infected in both intestine and vulvovagina. While 92% (22/24) of patients with intestinal and vaginal Candida infection showed high homology. The recurrent rate of patients with vulvovaginal candidiasis complicated with concurrent intestinal Candida infection (7/14) was significantly higher than that of solo vaginal infected patients [21% (6/29)] after vaginal treatment (P < 0. 05) . Conclusions The infection of vulvovaginal candidiasis is highly associated with the concurrent infection of intestinal Candida. The recurrent rate is high in patients with vulvovaginal candidiasis with concurrent infection of intestinal Candida after vaginal treatment. The general management to those patients infected by both vulvovaginal and intestinal Candida is necessary in reducing the recurrence of the disease.

Objective To investigate the effect of different time administration of parecoxib sodium on the postoperative analgesic efficacy in patients undergoing thoracic surgery. Methods This was a prospective,randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Sixty ASA Ⅰ orⅡ patients aged 17-83 yr undergoing pulmonary lobectomy were randomly allocated to one of 3 groups (n=20 each):A, B and C groups. Group A received normal saline 2 ml at 30 min before skin incision and the end of operation. Group B received iv parecoxib sodium 40 mg at 30 min before skin incision and normal saline 2 ml at 30 min before the end of operation. Group C received normal saline 2 ml at 30 min before skin incision and iv parecoxib sodium 40 mg at 30 min before the end of operation. All the patients received patient-controlled intravenous analgesia with morphine and VAS score was maintained≤3. The patients were followed up after operation.The morphine consumption, patients' global evaluation of the postoperative analgesia (0-100, 0=worst pain, 100=no pain), nausea and vomiting, body temperature , volume o chest drainage, hepatic, renal and blood coagulation function were recorded. Results Compared with group A, the morphine consumption was significantly reduced, the patient' s satisfaction score increased and body temperature decreased in B and C groups(P＜0.05 or 0.01). There was no significant difference in the morphine consumption, patient's satisfaction score and body temperature between B and C groups(P＞0.05). No significant difference was found in the parameters of hepatic, renal and blood coagulation function, volume of chest drainage and incidence of nausea and vomiting among the three groups(P＞0.05).Conclusion When postoperative analgesia is assisted with iv parecoxib sodium 40 mg given at 30 min before skin incision or at 30 min beforethe end of operation,the efficacy is similar,and both can improve the postoperative analgesic efficacy of morphine and reduce fever after operation in patients undergoing thoracic surgery.

Objective To verify the variation of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 5 (MAPKKK5) gene expression in patients with cryptogenic refractory temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) and to evaluate the possible molecular pathogenesis of intractable TLE. Methods Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western-blot analysis were used to measure the expression alterations of MAPKKK5 mRNA as well as its protein product MAPKKK5 in temporal cortex samples from patients who had undergone temporal lobectomy for intractable epilepsy (n=10). Tissues from 10 subjects who did not have epilepsy served as controls. Results The expression of MAPKKK5 mRNA (1.001?0.321) and its protein MAPKKK5 (0.359?0.299) were significantly increased in epileptic brain compared with the controls (0.648?0.157, 0.137?0.084, respectively) (all P

There are a large amount of neural stem cells in the olfactory system which have an active proliferation, ongoing and direc-tional differentiation and migration in order to adapt to the changing environment. The clinical findings showed that the early stages of some neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease all presented dysosmia. In recent years, the relationship be-tween air pollution and dysosmia attracts public concerns. This article introduced some research progresses in this field.

Objective To assess the efficacy of laryngeal mask airway (LMA) i-gel used in patients undergoing laparoscopic gynecological surgery. Methods Sixty ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ patients, aged 21-64 yr, weighing 4590 kg, undergoing elective laparoscopic gynecological surgery, were randomized into 2 groups ( n = 30 each):LMA i-gel group (group Ⅰ) and LMA Supreme group (group S) . Mallampatti test was performed before operation in both groups. Anesthesia was induced with target-controlled infusion of propofol (target plasma concentration 2.5-4.0 μg/ml) and remifentanil (target plasma concentration 3-6 ng/ml) . After the patients lost consciousness, rocuronium 0.6 mg/kg was given to facilitate the LMA insertion. LMA i-gel and LMA Supreme were inserted in I and S groups respectively. A gastric tube was inserted through the drain tube of the LMA. In group S the air was injected into the cuff to make intracuff pressure reach 60 cm H2O after successful LMA insertion. The LMA placement time, the number of attempts of LMA insertion, the number of attempts of gastric tube placement, the airway sealing pressure, the parameters of hemodynamics and ventilation, and complications (sore throat, odynopliagia,hoarseness) were recorded. The fiberoptic laryngoscopy scores were assessed after successful LMA placement. The anesthesia time and recovery time were also recorded. Results There was no significant difference in the anesthesia time, recovery time, LMA placement time, fiberoptic bronchoscopy scores and the parameters of hemodynamics and ventilation between the two group. The success rates of LMA and gastric tube placement were 100% in both groups. The airway sealing pressure was significantly higher, while the incidence of sore throat and odynopliagia was significantly lower in group I than in group S. Conclusion LMA i-gel provides adequate ventilation during operation with fewer complications and can be used effectively for gynecological laparoscopic surgery.

Objective: To investigate the effects of lidocaine on impairment of learning and memory function and cholinergic system caused by cerebral microsphere embolism in rats. Methods: Healthy male Wister rats were randomly divided into the following groups. (1) Control group. (2) 600 microsphere group and 900 microsphere group, in which 600 or 900 microspheres were injected into the right internal carotid artery, respectively. (3) 600 treatment group and 900 treatment group, in which 600 or 900 microspheres were injected into the right internal carotid artery, respectively, and lidocaine was given. Water maze tasks were tested for 5 consecutive days from the 7th postoperative day. The rats were then decapitated and regions of cerebral cortex, hippocampus, and striatum were selected. The activities of choline acetyltransferase and cholinesterase and the binding activity of muscarinic receptor were determined. Results: (1) The latency periods were significantly longer in the 900 microsphere group than in the control group and in the 600 microsphere group. (2) The percentages of effective search strategy were significantly lower in the 600 and 900 microsphere groups than in the control group. They were significantly higher in the 600 and 900 treatment groups than in the corresponding microsphere groups. (3) The activities of choline acetyltransferase of cerebral cortex were significantly lower in the 900 microsphere and two treatment groups than in the control group. They were also significantly lower in the 600 and 900 treatment groups than in the corresponding microsphere groups. Those of striatum were all significantly lower in the microsphere and treatment groups than in the control group. (4) The activities of cholinesterase of cerebral cortex were significantly lower in the 900 microsphere group than in the control and 600 microsphere groups. They were significantly higher in the 900 treatment group than in the 900 microsphere group. Those of hippocampus were all significantly lower in the microsphere and treatment groups than in the control group. (5) The binding activities of muscarinic receptor of cerebral cortex were significantly lower in the 900 microsphere and two treatment groups than in the control group. They were also significantly lower in the two treatment groups than in the corresponding microsphere groups. Those of hippocampus and striatum were all significantly lower in the microsphere and treatment groups then in the control group. They were also significantly lower in the 600 or 900 treatment group than in the corresponding microsphere group. Conclusion: Cerebral microsphere embolism caused significant and quantity-dependent impairment of learning and memory function and cholinergic system in rats. Lidocaine alleviated learning and memory dysfunction caused by cerebral microsphere embolism, but further inhibited the parameters of central cholinergic system.

AIM:To observe the effect of Jingzhui Wentong (JZWT) Capsule (Ramulus Cinnamomi,Radix et Rhizoma clematidis,Radix Puerariae Lobatae,Radix Dipsaci,etc.) on somesthetic evoked potential (SEP),behavior and pathology of rat's cervical radiculitis induced by formalin. METHODS:Experiments were carried out:(1) 60 SD rats were divided randomly into 6 groups:control,model and Jingfukang groups,the high,moderate and low dose groups of JZWT Capsule. Rats of these groups were given water,Jingfukang or JZWT Capsule respectively,and SEP was tested after operation and 14 days after drugs were given to rats. At the same time,the animal behavior was observed daily. (2) 144 SD rats were divided into the same groups and given the same drugs as before. The nerve roots were taken out for pathological observation after 4,7,14,and 21 days with drug administration. RESULTS:In each drug group,the normal SEP was obviously restored,symptoms of encroached nerve were notably lightened,inflammatory reaction and proliferation tissue of mimic cervical radiculitis were more obviously alleviated than that in the model group of rat. CONCLUSION:JZWT Capsule can reduce significantly pathology change of mimic cervical radiculitis in rats,and promote the recovery of nerve function.