Clozapine ; adverse effects ; Haloperidol ; adverse effects ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome ; etiology

OBJECTIVE:To study anti-arrhythmic effects of Lianshen lyuping dripping pills in rats,mice,guinea pigs. METH-ODS:48 SD rats were randomized into a normal control (isometric normal saline) group,a model (isometric normal saline) group,a propafenone (positive control,270 mg/kg) group and Lianshen lyuping dripping pills high-dose,medium-dose and low-dose(210,140,70 mg/kg)groups. The rats’tails were given the drugs iv at a time,10 min later,aconitine(10 mg/L,3 μg/min) iv. The doses of aconitine were recorded when ventricular premature beat(VP),ventricular tachycardia(VT)and ventricular fibril-lation(VF)developed in ECG. 48 guinea pigs were grouped and given drugs as above and 10 min later,were given uabain iv(1 mg/L,1 μg/min). The doses of uabain were recorded when VP,VT and VF developed in ECG. 120 KM mice were grouped and given drugs ip at a dose as above at a time,30 min later,were placed in the beaker containing 4 ml chloroform. When respiratory arrest occurred,ventricular fibrillation rate of mice were calculate.120 Wistar rats were grouped and given drugs at a dose as above,following typical arrhythmia reaction,given 0.8% BaCl2 (0.25 ml/kg) iv and sublingually at a time;48 Wistar rats were grouped and given drugs at a dose as above and,following typical arrhythmia reaction, given 5%CaCl2(0.28 ml/kg)iv and sublin-gually at a time. Recovery of sinus arrhythmia rate of rats were determined.48 SD rats were grouped and given drugs at a dose as above,after the administration ig once daily for 7 consecutive days,the rat models of myocardial ischemia reperfusion were estab-lished,and then VT,VF incidence rate and death were recorded. RESULTS:Compared to the normal control group,those in the model group were all abnormal in all indexes. Compared to the model group,those in Lianshen lyuping dripping pills high-dose, medium-dose and low-dose groups used more aconitine and uabain at the time of the occurrence of VP,VT and VF,had a lower occurrence rate of VF in mice and higher recovery of sinus arrhythmia rate in rats . The rats in Lianshen lyuping dripping pills high-dose and medium-dose groups which had myocardial ischemia reperfusion demonstrated a lower of VT,VF incidence rate and death rate. There were statistically significances (P<0.01 or P<0.05).CONCLUSIONS:Lianshen lyuping dripping pills have an anti-arrhythmic effects in animals to some degree.

Objective To investigate the protective effects of ischemic preconditioning on myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury in diabetic rats.Methods Twenty-eight healthy male rats were injected streptozotocin at dose of 45 mg/kg by tail and be fed with normal diet for 4 weeks,then rats were randomly divided into iscbemia/reperfusion (I/R) group and ischemic preconditioning (IP) group.ST segment of electrocardiograph changes and arrhythmias of all rats were recorded before ischemia and 0,15,30 minuets after ischemia and 0.5,2 h after reperfusion.TTC staining was performed to determine myocardial infarct size.TUNEL assay was used to assesse cardiomyocyte apoptosis.The expression of antiapoptotic gene (Bcl-2) and proapoptotic (Bax) was determined by immunohistochemistry.Results Compared with I/R group,ST segment elevation of patients in IP group decrease from (0.675 ±0.150) mV to (0.489 ±0.161) mV at 30 min after ischemia(P ＜0.05).Meanwhile the onset of ventricular premature contraction(VPC) in IP group was (18.21 ± 5.36) min,later than that of control group ((6.47 ± 4.28) min,t =5.241,P =0.000).The duration of VPC was (6.07 ± 4.33) min,shorter than that of I/R group ((16.71 ± 5.48) min,t =4.924,P ＜ 0.01)).The incidence of ventricular tachycardia (VT) and ventricular fibrillation (VF) of lP group remarkably decreased compared with I/R group (VT:57.14％ (8/14) vs.14.29％ (2/14),x2 =5.600,P =0.018 ; VF:50.00％ (7/ 14) vs.14.29％ (2/14),x2 =4.094,P=0.043).The myocardial infarct size in IP group was (12.50 ± 9.45) ％,smaller than that of I/R group ((37.50 ± 11.40)％,t =3.211,P =0.006).Cardiomyocyte apoptotic index (AI) was attenuated in IP group than that of I/R group((24.31 ± 3.12)％ vs.(19.01 ± 4.32)％,t =3.227,P =0.006),which was correlate with increased the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax((0.103 ±0.045) vs.(0.221 ±0.101),t =2.670,P =0.015).Conclusion IP treatment for diabetic rats shows a protect effect on myocardial I/R injury through attenuating myocardial apoptosis,and increasing the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax.

Cholestasis ; etiology ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Liver Diseases ; drug therapy ; etiology ; physiopathology ; Male ; Neonatology ; Parenteral Nutrition, Total ; adverse effects ; S-Adenosylmethionine ; therapeutic use ; Ursodeoxycholic Acid ; therapeutic use

The paper first discusses the concept of hospital performance management systems and their relationship with the business systems and then dwells on the framework of the performance management systems, including extended business systems, database systems of shared business, subject driven systems and commercial intelligence systems. It also gives an account of the results of actual application of the Hospital Operational Performance Management Systems developed by the hospital the authors work with.

Objective To observe the expression of fractalkine (FKN or CX3CL1) in serum and lung tissue in early phases after paraquat (PQ) poisoning in rats,and to analyze the effect of FKN on acute lung injury induced by PQ.Methods A total of 66 SD rats were randomly (random number) divided into two groups,namely PQ group (n =36) and control group (n =30).Through intra-peritoneal route,PQ (22 mg/kg) was administered to PQ group,and an equal volume of normal saline to control group instead.Rats were separately sacrificed at 6 h,12 h,24 h,72 h and 120 h after poisoning.Lung coefficient was determined.The levels of FKN in serum and lung tissue homogenate were detected by ELISA.Lung pathological changes were observed by HE staining.FKN changes were investigated by immunohistochemistry staining.Data was analyzed by SPSS 19.0.Results From 6 h to 120 h after poisoning,parameter determined in PQ group had great changes,compared with the control group.At 6 h,12 h,24 h,72 h and 120 h,lung coefficients in PQ group were 5.03 ±0.07,5.17 ±0.10,5.46 ±0.10,5.68 ±0.15 and 5.83 ±0.11,respectively,which were significantly higher than those (4.49 ± 0.20,4.28 ± 0.13,4.45 ± 0.17,4.31 ±0.19 and 4.31 ±0.16) in control group (P＜0.01).Levels of FKN (pg/mL) in serum were 140.9 ± 15.8,157.9 ± 17.6,188.8 ± 24.8,224.4 ± 18.1 and 229.9 ± 10.0,respectively,significantly higher than those (121.7 ± 12.8,121.6 ± 12.1,118.3 ± 14.0,122.8 ± 12.4 and 120.5 ± 8.8) in control group (6 h P ＜0.05,others P ＜0.01).Levels of FKN (pg/mL) in lung tissue homogenate were 4 222.0 ± 641.1,5 021.0 ± 514.5,5 911.6 ± 478.1,7 092.2 ± 652.9 and 7 639.3 ± 666.6,respectively,significantly higher than those (2 860.2 ± 477.3,3 068.9 ± 446.0,3 168.7 ± 728.5,3 178.0 ±488.2 and 3 147.3 ±426.6) in control group (P ＜0.01).In PQ group,pathological changes manifested themselves in inflammatory cell infiltration,congestion,edema,structural damage,etc.The lung injury aggravated gradually from 6 h to 120 h.In control group,there was no significant change.FKN expressed mainly in bronchial cells,alveolar epithelial cells and pulmonary artery endothelial cells.Where there was higher expression of FKN,there were more inflammatory cells infiltrated.The level of FKN in lung tissue homogenate was positively correlated with lung coefficient (r =0.937).The level of FKN in serum was positively related to that in lung tissue homogenate (r =0.968).Conclusion There is correlation between FKN and acute lung injury induced by PQ in rats.

The trophoblast is fetal-derived and in direct contact with maternal tissues. The expression of the various types of MHC antigen in trophoblast cells is very important for successful pregnancy. Among nonclassical MHC class Ⅰ antigens, HLA-G is expressed specifically on cytotrophoblast cells and its expression protects the fetal from maternal immune attack. The expression of the distinct subtypes of classical MHC class Ⅰ antigen is different in different subtypes of trophoblast cells. The expression of MHC class Ⅱ antigen is inhibited in trophoblast during pregnancy. It is suggested that C Ⅱ TA plays an important role in regulation of MHC class Ⅱ gene expression.

Objective To establish a TaqMan probe-based real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR ( real-time PCR) for the quantitative and rapid detection of viral reservoir in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) isolated from rhesus monkeys with simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infection and to evaluate its preliminary application. Methods A pair of primers and one TaqMan probe were designed ac-cording to the conserved sequence of SIVmac239 strain for real-time PCR amplification. A length of 2 090 bp of nucleotide fragment was digested from the plasmid p239SpSp5 containing 5′-end long segments of SIV-mac239 strain by restriction enzymes EcoRⅠand SpeⅠ. The standards used for quantitative detection of SIV DNA in peripheral blood samples were prepared by a 10-fold serial dilution and used for graphing the stand-ard curve. The numbers of SIV DNA ( copies per 106 PBMCs) in rhesus monkeys during acute and chronic phases of SIVmac239 infection were determined and the virological characteristics of SIV DNA at different phages of infection were analyzed. Results A linear positive correlation between cycle threshold ( Ct) val-ues and concentrations (10 copies/μl to 109 copies/μl) of the standards was found. High levels of SIV DNA were monitored in SIV-infected monkeys 14 to 22 days after acute infection. The levels of SIV DNA in the acute phase of infection were about 1 to 2 logs higher than those in the chronic phase of infection. The num-bers of SIV DNA ( copies per 106 PBMCs) were 1 log lower than the SIV viral load in peripheral blood of the same monkey. The ratios of SIV DNA load to SIV RNA load ( DNA/RNA) in chronic phase of infection were higher than those in the acute phase. Conclusion The established TaqMan probe-based real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR was a highly sensitive and specific assay for the detection of SIV DNA with an advantage of wide linear range. It could be used for the quantitative evaluation of latent reservoirs of SIV.

Objective To investigate the correlation between Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and the risk,severity and prognosis of sepsis in Chinese patients of Han nationality.Methods One hundred and three Han nationality patients who developed sepsis after surgery,aged 18-80 years,were enrolled in the sepsis group,and 114 Han nationality patients without sepsis after surgery,aged 18-80 years,were enrolled in the control group.Venous blood samples were taken from the peripheral vein and three SNPs in TLR4 gene,rs10759932,rs11536889 and rs2737190,were genotyped by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight mass spectrometry analysis.Correction for Logistic regression analysis was made to eliminate the effects of sex,age,underlying diseases and operation methods.The correlation between genotypes of SNP and occurrence of sepsis,organ dysfunction,septic shock and death from sepsis was analyzed.The odds ratio (OR) and 95％ confidence interval (Cl) were calculated.Results Compared with the control group,there was a significant difference in genotype frequency ratios of rs10759932 (P ＜ 0.05),but there was no significant difference in genotype frequency ratios of the other two SNPs in sepsis group (P ＞ 0.05).There was correlation between rs10759932 and the occurrence of sepsis,and the variant allele (CT + CC genotypes) of rs10759932 increased the risk of sepsis (OR =1.86,95％ Cl 1.17-2.97,P ＜ 0.05).There was no correlation between the three SNPs and sepsis-related organ dysfunction,septic shock and death from sepsis (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion There is correlation between the variant allele of TLR4 rs10759932 and the increase in risk of sepsis after surgery in Chinese patients of Han nationality.

One of the major responsibilities for medical students is to save lives and to popularize emergency medical treatment knowledge for the masses of society.Based on research analysis,systemic training of cardiopulmonary resuscitation program including lectures,simulation education and social practice were performed for medical students.After practice activities,these students could proficiently apply the basic knowledge and skills of cardiopulmonary resuscitation in practical work and spread what they have learned to the public.Furthermore the program could improve students' abilities in social practice and team spirit and it is of great social significance.