Animals ; Cells, Cultured ; Female ; Granulosa Cells ; metabolism ; Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide ; genetics ; metabolism ; Platelet Activating Factor ; pharmacology ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Objective　To study distribution of the calcitonin gene-related peptide-immunoreactive fibers in the cremaster arteries of the rat.Methods　The distribution of the calcitonin gene-related peptide-immunoreactive fibers in the cremaster arteries had been studied by means of ABC technique.Results　The calcitonin gene-related peptide-immunoreactive fibers were observed on all branches of cremaster arteries.The immunoreative fibers in first and second branches of the arteries exhibited the denser grains and denser mass,but in third branches,the network of the fibers was obvious.The density of the immunoreactive fibers reduced following the bifurcations of the arteries.The network of the fibers also could be found in the capillary.Conclusion　The results demonstrated that the distribution of calcitonin gene-related peptide immunoreactive fibers might be related to the physiological regulation and microcirculation of the cremaster arteries.It formed the morphological basis for experimental model of researching nerve regulation in the microcirculation.

Adenocarcinoma of exocrine pancreas is a highly malignant tumor with extremely low resectability.Radiotherapy,by inducing necrosis and apoptosis of tumor cells through irradiation effects on cellular DNA,in combination with chemotherapy,has made great contribution to multimodal treatment of this malignancy.The development of radiation therapy for pancreatic carcinoma in recent years was reviewed in neoadjuvant and adjuvant settings,and for locally advanced disease.Further evidence is required to show the impact of radiochemotherapy in the treatment of unresectable disease.

Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase(PARP) is a protein-modifying and nucleotide-polymerizing enzyme. As a critical element in DNA repair, PARP can be activated by DNA strand breaks. Excessive activation of PARP, however, can deplete NAD + and ATP, leads to cell death. Cleavage of PARP by activated caspase-3 play an important role in cell apoptosis.

Animals ; Neural Stem Cells ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Semaphorins ; metabolism

Objective To explore the significance of Community Mental Health Service funded by the government, organised by the Health Department and participated by the Community Psychiatric Service, which consists of community case managers, policemen, community health station, doctors, nurses and family of patients.Methods 150 patients, having the tendency to cause trouble or disturbance in their psychotic episodes, were placed in a case management system, monitored and treated throughout the year, gathered statistics for their number and extent of violence every month, and scored according to Social Disability Screening Schedule (SDSS).Results After one year's monitoring and treatment, the total number of occurrence of violence 5 grade among the 150 patients decreased from 20 person-times to 0 person-times; violence 4 grade decreased from 68 person-times to 2 person-times; violence 3 grade decreased from 66 person-times to 4 person-times; violence 2 grade decreased from 258 person-times to 12 person-times; violence 1 grade decreased from 432 person-times to 24 person-times. The number of patients who lost their violent tendency increased from 0 person-times to 72 person-times.Conclusion To establish community case management systems, monitor, treatment, conduct follow-up studies and providing appropriate recovery guidance for schizophreniac patients through the Community Psychiatric Service, are the effective ways to decrease the rate of causing trouble or disturbance, reduce the patients' social disability, and facilitate the patients' recovery of social functions.

Objective:To identify the effect of ?-synuclein overexpression on mitochondrial membrane structure with atomic force microscopy. Methods:?-syn expression was mediated by AAV (adeno-associated viral vector) and Recombinant AAV/?-syn and AAV/LacZ viral particles were stereotaxically injected in the left side of rat substantia nigra (SN) for rat model of ?-synuclein overexpression. Mitochondria were isolated from rats SN of Brain. Mitochondria were analysis with JC-1 staining,atomic force microscopy and Western blot. Results:By 16 weeks post-infection of AAV-?-syn,the level of ?-syn increased about 2 times in mitochondrial fraction with Western blot and mitochondrial membrane potential (??) decreased with JC-1 staining. Furthermore,mitochondria swelling and porous like structure formed on the mitochondrial membrane with atomic force microscopy. Conclusion:The data suggested that ?-syn could accumulate in mitochondria,might form mitochondrial membrane pores and lead to ?? decreases. ?-syn might lead to mitochondrial dysfunction in Parkinson's disease.

To explore relationship of body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), blood lipid level with non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) to provide evidence for its early intervention. Methods Data of 13 532 people living in Beijing undergone regular physical examinations at Beijing Hospital, including liver-ultrasonic scanning, measurements of blood lipid, height, weight, waist circumference and BMI during January to December 2007 were statistically analyzed. Results Totally, 4 807 people were diagnosed as NAFL by B-type ultrasonic scanning, with a mean age of (54 ± 14) years and median age of 53 years. Prevalence of NAFL significantly increased with changes in body building (normal weight, overweight and obesity) and age groups (X2 = 1640.394, P<0.01 ). There was statistical significance in prevalence of NAFL between groups with normal weight and overweight at varied ages ( X2 = 172.618 and 31.928, respectively, P < 0.01 ), with the highest at ages of 51 - 60 years. No statistical difference in prevalence of NAFL between varied age groups was found in those with obesity (X2 = 6.194, P =0.402). Mean of WC, BMI, serum levels of triglyceride (TG) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were significantly higher in NAFL group than those in those without NAFL, but mean serum level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) was significantly higher in the former than that in the latter ( P < 0.05 ). Prevalence of dyslipidemia was significantly higher in NAFL group than that in those without NAFL ( X2 = 112. 974 - 895. 500, respectively, P < 0. 01 ), with the highest of hypertriglyceridemia, accounting for 54. 36 percent. Prevalence of NAFL was significantly higher in those with larger WC than that in those with normal WC in the normal weight and overweight group (X2 = 120.982 and 45.327, respectively, P<0.01). Results of logistic regression analysis showed that WC, BMI, TG and LDL-C all were risk factors for NAFL both in men and women, and HDL-C was a protective factor for NAFL only in women. Conclusions Overweight, obesity and dyslipidemia closely correlate with occurrence of NAFL Control of body weight and blood lipid level are essential for decreasing prevalence of NAFL.

AIM:To study the effect of ONOO- on the airway epithelial injury. METHODS: The mitochondrial respiration, the amount of lactate dedydrogenase (LDH) release into the cell culture medium, the levels of 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), and the cellular apoptosis were examined after exposure of cultured rat tracheal epithelial (RTE) cells to ONOO-. RESULTS: Exposure of RTE cells to 0.25, 0.5 and 1 mmol/L ONOO- caused a dose-dependent suppression of the mitochondrial respiration . ONOO- also caused a dose-dependent increase in the percentage of LDH release. Exposure of RTE cells to ONOO- resulted in an increased generation of 8-OHdG in a dose-dependent manner. ONOO- caused an increase in apoptotic percentage in RTE cells in a time-dependent manner at different concentrations. CONCLUSION: ONOO- could cause necrosis and apoptosis in cultured RTE cells. Low concentration of ONOO- caused apoptosis in a time-dependent manner. Whereas exposure to high concentration of ONOO- resulted in cell necrosis, ONOO- caused a dose-dependent increase in the percentage of LDH release. Suppression of mitochondrial respiration and oxidative DNA damage by ONOO- may be the major cause of cellular injury induced by ONOO-.

Objective To investigate the prevalence of elevated serum alanine aminotransferase ( ALT) and ALT-related dysmetabolism and risk factors. Methods A total of 12 789 adult participated,with no hepatitis B virus infection or alcohol over-intake, received health check-up, including blood pressure measurement, blood glucose and lipid profile test, liver function evaluation and ultrasonography. The subjects were then assigned into two groups according to the serum level of ALT. Metabolic composition was compared between the two groups. Results The prevalence of elevated ALT activity was 8.69%. The waist circumstance,body mass index (BMI) ,systolic blood pressure (SBP) ,diastolic blood pressure (DBP) ,total cholesterol (TC) ,triglyceride (TG) , low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) , urine acid (UA) , fasting blood glucose (FBG) ,HbAlc,total bilirubin (TBIL) ,-y-glutamyltransferase (GGT) ,alkaline phos-phatase ( ALP) of the elevated ALT group were significantly higher than those of the normal ALT group. However,age and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( HDL-C) in the elevated ALT group were lower than those in the normal ALT group ( P < 0. 05 ) . The occurrence of overweight, obesity, hyperlipidemia, impaired fasting glucose,diabetes, increased DBP, hyperuricacidemia and fatty liver in the elevated serum ALT group was significantly more than that in the normal ALT group ( P < 0. 05 ) . Multiple logistic regression analysis demonstrated that fatty liver, DBP, BMI.TC, HbAlc were risk factors of elevated serum ALT. Conclusion Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, lipid metabolic disorders and obesity may be the main risk factors of elevated ALT.