OBJECTIVE To study the resistant characteristics and the resistant mechanisms of Gram-negative bacilli(G-) to ?-lactam antibiotics in the local nosocomial infections.METHODS The effects of efflux pump inhibitor on MICs were determined.Phenotypes and isoelectric points of ?-lactamases(Bla) were determined.Bla Genes were amplified and sequenced.RESULTS Of all tested isolates,the resistant rates to the most antibiotics were high.Besides 10.5% isolates with the efflux pumps,all tested isolates produced Bla,among which extended spectrum ?-lactamases(ESBLs),cephalosporin ?-lactamase(AmpC Bla) and metallo-?-lactamase were responsible for 42.1%,17.5% and 7.0% isolates,respectively.The complete nucleotide sequences of the ampC genes in 8 Enterobacter cloacae isolates had very high homology with the ampC gene in E.cloacae ECLC074.CONCLUSIONS The production of Bla is the main resistant mechanism of G-to ?-lactam antibiotics.ESBLs are the most frequent Bla.All of the ampC genes of AmpC Bla-producing E.cloacae originate from the ampC gene in E.cloacae ECLC074.Imipenen is the best choice for the treatment of the infections caused by multidrug resistant G-.Piperacillin/tazobactam and cefoperazone/sulbactam can be used to treat the infections caused by drug-resistant non-fermentative bacilli.Amikacin is effective to treat the infections caused by AmpC Bla-producing E.cloacae.

Background Cardiomyocytes apoptosis was related to oxidative stress which has been shown to play an important role in ventricular remodeling after myocardial infarction(MI).Probucol is a hypolipidemic and antioxidant agents.Several reports demonstrated its cardioprotective effect after MI.However,the exact effect of probucol on the modification of the apoptosis related gene Bcl-2 and Bax is not clear.Objective To investigate the effects of probucol on mRNA and protein expression of Bcl-2,Bax and oxidative stress in myocardial infarcted rats.Methods Forty-one SD rats that survived 24 h after ligating left anterior descending coronary artery were randomly to receive placebo-saline(5 mL/d,n=20)or probucol(probucol 60 mg/kg?d,n=21).Twelve rats underwent sham operation were served as control(n=12).Six weeks after treatment,hemodynamic pararmeters and left ventricular function were measured with catheterization.Cardiomyocytes apoptosis were determined by TUNEL method.Myocardium mRNA of Bcl-2 and Bax expression levels in the non-infarcted myocardium were as- sessed by RT-PCR.The myocardium protein expression of Bcl-2 and Bax in the non-infarcted myocardium were de- termined by Western blot.Colorimetry was used to determine oxidative metabolism index in myocardium.Results 1)Compared with the sham rats,all MI rats showed marked decrease in Bcl-2 mRNA and protein expression in myo- cardium with increase of Bax mRNA and protein expression and apoptosis index(P

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of nephrotic syndrome in children adjunctively treated by underatured lactalbumin.Methods Thirty-six cases of nephrotic syndrome were studied for about 1 year.The changes in red blood cells of reduced glutathione(GSH) were analyzed in 18 cases of underatured lactalbumin treatment group and 18 cases of control group.The clinical presentations were observed in both groups.Results GSH levels increased in underatured lactalbumin treatment group when compared with control group.The frequency of relapse and upper respiratory tract infection in underatured lactalbumin treatment group were significantly reduced compared with control group.Conclusion Underatured lactalbumin can provide support for the potential use of an antioxidant therapy in these patients.

Objective To explore the rehabilitation needs of people with disabilities and the related factors,so as to provide a scien-tific basis for the rehabilitation policy-making for people with disabilities. Methods From June,2014 to July,2015,based on the national special survey of basic services and needs of people with disabilities in Jiangsu,China,this paper clarified the factors related with the rehabilitation needs of the disabled into the individual characteristics, economic characteristics, environmental characteristics and so on by the de-scriptive statistics method. The Logit model was established to explore the factors related with rehabilitation needs. Results In Jiangsu,43% people with disabilities aged 16 and above had rehabilitation needs.Contingency table analysis and Chi square test showed that individual characteristics,economic characteristics and environmental character-istics had significant impact on the rehabilitation needs of the disabled.Multiple regression analysis showed that all the 18 variables were the significant related factors. Conclusion In order to meet the rehabilitation needs of the disabled, the refined and precise rehabilitation program should be designed in line with the different characteristics of the disabled.Through the effective docking of sup-plies and needs,we can provide accurate rehabilitation services for the disabled.

To reveal the variation of polysaccharides and alcohol-soluble extract contents of Dendrobium officinale, the polysaccharides and alcohol-soluble extracts contents of three D. officinale strains were determined by phenol-sulfuric acid method and hot-dip method, respectively. The results showed that the contents of polysaccharides and alcohol-soluble extracts and their total content were significantly different among D. officinale samples collected in different periods, and the variations were closely related to the phenology of D. officinale. Additionally, the quality variation of polysaccharides was closely related to the flowering of D. officinale, while the alcohol-soluble extracts was closely associated to the formation and germination of buds. According to the dynamic variation of these two compounds, it is more reasonable to harvest D. officinale at biennials pre-bloom than at specific harvesting month considering polysaccharides content. It is better to harvest before the germination of buds considering alcohol-soluble extracts. While with regards to both polysaccharides and alcohol-soluble extract, it is better to harvest this plant at the period from the sprouting to pre-bloom next year.
Dendrobium ; chemistry ; Plant Extracts ; isolation & purification ; Polysaccharides ; isolation & purification

To establish an HPLC-MS/MS method for the analysis of quercetin, kaempferid and isorhamnetin in rats plasma and study its pharmamacokinetics after an intragastrical administration of Hippophae rhamnoides extracts. Five healthy male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were given single doses of H. rhamnoides extracts (quercetin 26.35 mg x kg(-1), kaempferid 4.040 mg x kg(-1), isorhamnetin 31.37 mg x kg(-1)), and then their orbital sinus blood samples were collected at different time points. The drug plasma concentration of the three flavonoids was determined by HPLC-MS/MS method. After that, the main pharmacokinetics parameters were calculated by using Kinetica 5. 0. 11 software. The methodological test showed that the linear concentration ranges of quercetin, kaempferid and isorhamnetin were 7.500-600.0 μg x L(-1) (R2 = 0.998 5), 1.000-80.00 μg x L(-1) (R2 = 0.998 5 ) and 10.00-800.0 μg x L(-1) (R2 = 0.998 0), respectively. The inner and inter-days precisions were both less than 14.0%. The plasma samples showed a good stability and consistency with the requirement of biological sample analysis after the samples were frozen once and placed at - 20 degrees C for 15 d and room temperature for 6 h and the treated analytes were placed at -20 degrees C for 24 h. For quercetin, the pharmacokinetic parameter t(½β), AUC(0-∞), MRT(0.∞), C.(max) and T(max) were (113.3 ± 19.37) min, (12 542.14 ± 3 504.05) μg x h x L(-1), (119.6 ± 13.29) h, (164.6 ± 27.33) μg x L(-1) and (5.199 ± 0.840 3) h, respectively. For kaempferid, the pharmacokinetic parameters t(½β), AUC(0-t), MRT(0-∞), C(max) and T(max) were (79.85 ± 17.15) min, (934.51 ± 94.59) μg x h x L(-1), (81.50 ± 13.75) h, (80.15 ± 14.24) μg x L(-1) and (3.827 ± 0.902 7) h, respectively. For isorhamnetin, the pharmacokinetic parameters t1,2,, AUC(0-t), MRT(0-∞), C(max) and T(max) were (118.3 ± 20.73) min, (26 067.77 ± 4 124.60) μg x h x L(-1), (129.0 ± 16.30) h, (269.6 ± 29.32) μg x L(-1) and (6.513 ± 1.450) h, respectively. The HPLC-MS/MS analysis method established in this study was proved to be sensitive and accurate and could be applied in the pharmacokinetic study of quercetin, kaempferid and isorhamnetin in rat plasma.
Animals ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; pharmacokinetics ; Hippophae ; chemistry ; Kaempferols ; blood ; pharmacokinetics ; Male ; Quercetin ; analogs & derivatives ; blood ; pharmacokinetics ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry ; methods

Adult ; Atypical Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome ; etiology ; Female ; Glomerulonephritis, IGA ; complications ; Humans ; Puerperal Disorders ; etiology

OBJECTIVE To strictly manage the whole process for cleaning the laminar air flow(LAF) operating center to achieve the modernized hospital environment′s standard requests.METHODS Right before the use of the LAF operating center,scientific management was conducted strictly according the regulations and standards issued by state Ministry of Health.RESULTS Fulfilling the standards of the process for cleaning operating center was all for the goal of improving the efficiency of management.CONCLUSIONS A management is made efficient from checking all the things before use,monitoring them,and training people so that they can efficiently carry out their tasks.The purpose of the scientific management is to reach the expected quality.

OBJECTIVE:To study the characteristics of ceftazidime-resistant?-lactamase produced by Escherichia coli.METHODS:The types of2strains of drug fast?-lactamase produced by Escherichia coli were determined initially by K-B slip diffusion method and ampholine electrophoresis method;The plasmid was extracted by alkaline lysis and the PCR ampli?fication and sequencing were conducted;?-Lactamase was counter-extracted by saturated ammonium sulfate,filtrated by Sephadex G-75gel and purified by DE-52anion exchange chromatography;The molecular weight of which was determined by SDS-PAGE and the enzyme kinetics parameters of?-lactamas were determined by ultraviolet spectrophotometry.RE?SULTS:The2strains produced a super-broad spectrum?-lactamase(CTX-M-1V)with isoionic point at8.7and the molecular weight at29kDa,which can hydrolyze cefotaxim and aztreonam but imipenem and which was sensitive to sulbactam(IC 50 =94nmol/L)and tazobactam(IC 50 =5nmol/L).CONCLUSION:CTX-M-1V is a CTX-M type super-broad spectrum?-lactamase sensitive to suppressants.

AIM: To study the inhibitory effects of 10-23 deoxyribozyme (10-23 DRz) on Escherichia coli ?-lactamase gene expression. METHODS: According to the gene sequence of Escherichia coli ?-lactamase gene blashv-5, 10-23 DRz and antisense oligonucleotides (As-ODN) were designed and synthesized. 10-23 DRz, As-ODN or control oligonucleotides were respectively introduced into Escherichia coli by the method of electroporation. Following electroporation, bacterial viability in liquid medium contained ceftazidime was detected, bacterial ?-lactamase expression was analysed by using IEF-PAGE and the ?-lactamase band was measured with gel documentation-analyzing system. RESULTS: A_ 600 in 10-23 DRz transfected Escherichia coli was lower compared with that in As-ODN transfected Escherichia coli (P