OBJECTIVE:To explore the implementation methods of drug price reform in China. METHODS:Current condi-tion and disadvantages of drug price mechanism in China were analyzed,the problems of the implementation of drug price reform were concluded and summarized,and the implementation methods of drug price reform were put forward. RESULTS & CONCLU-SIONS:Current condition and disadvantages of drug price mechanism in China are mainly reflected as failure of policy for maxi-mum retail price causes part of drugs to be overpriced;government-led centralized procurement of drugs results in that part of drugs are underpriced;the defects in the regulation of drug price addition rate leads to hospitals’procurement of drugs at higher price;government’s excessive interference in drug price affects the fair competition and sound development of pharmaceutical in-dustry. However,there are some problems for drug price reform,including unsound drug distribution system,a lack of fair compe-tition in modern drug market,excessive centralization of power of medical insurance authorities,absent public participation and so-cial supervision,and the“practice of using pharmacy profits to subsidize medical services”leading to wrong medical behavior. These measures were suggested to resolve above problems,i.g. reform the drug distribution system,foster modern drug market,es-tablish a medical insurance authorities-led mechanism for drug price negotiation in which multiple interest parties participate,and develop drug retail enterprises gradually replacing the outpatient pharmacies in hospitals to separate medical services from pharma-ceutical services.

Objective:To study the effect of roadside dust inhalable particulate matter on airway inflammation in rats.Methods:Particles at roadside were collected,analyzed and PM10-treat model of rats were established.Lung tissue histopathology was observed.The counts of total leukocytes and neutrophils in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF)and superoxide dismutase(SOD),glutathion peroxidase(GSH-Px),malondiadehyde(MDA),cytokin-induced neutrophil chemotactics(CINC)in lung homogenate were measured.Results:The counts of total leukocytes,macrophages and neutrophils in PM10-treat group were increased significantly than those in control group(P

Objective:To investigate the role of nuclear factor-?B(NF-?B)in rats with cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. Methods:Rat models of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion were established.24hours later,the expression of NF-?B in rat brain of sham-operation group,operation group and intervention group was detected with immunohistochemistry method,Cytokin-induced neutrophil chemotactics(CINC)in rat brain were measured and histopathological examinations were conducted on the hippocampal CAl.Results:The expression of NF-?B p65 and CINC in the operation group increased significantly compared with the sham-operation group(P

Objective: To investigate the effects of the tandem repeat polymorphisms in the enhancer region (ER) of thymidylate synthase (TS) gene and the 6-bp deletion/insertion (del6/ins6) polymorphism in the 3′ untranslated region (3′-UTR) of TS gene on the clinical outcomes of gastric cancer patients treated with 5-FU-based adjuvant chemotherapy. Methods: One hundred and sixteen patients with gastric cancer were treated with 5-FU-based adjuvant chemotherapy. The polymorphisms of TSER and TS 3′ -UTR in those patients were determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. Results: Of the 116 patients, the frequencies of the TSER 2R/2R, 2R/3R and 3R/3R were 7.8% (9/116), 31.9% (37/116), and 60.3% (70/116), respectively; the frequencies of the TS3′-UTR ins6/ins6, ins6/del6 and del6/del6 were 9.5% (11/116), 41.4% (48/116) and 49.1% (57/116), respectively. The median survival period in ins6/ins6 carriers was significantly shorter than that of del6/del6 (P = 0.017) or ins6/del6 (P = 0.022) carriers. There was no significant difference in median relapse-free survival period between different TSER carriers (P > 0.05). COX multivariate analysis showed that the ins6/ins6 carriers had increased death risk (P <0.05) compared to the other two genotypes. The median no-recurrence survival period had no statistical difference between them. Conclusion: The polymorphism of TS 3 UTR ins6/del6 may be an independent factor for the prognosis of gastric cancer patients treated with 5-FU-based adjuvant chemotherapy.

Emergency Treatment ; methods ; Humans ; Seizures ; therapy ; Status Epilepticus ; therapy

China ; Heart Defects, Congenital ; therapy ; Humans

Coronary Artery Bypass ; methods ; trends ; Humans

Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary ; methods ; Coronary Artery Bypass ; methods ; Coronary Vessels ; surgery ; Humans

Objective:To investigate the protein expression levels of breast cancer metastasis suppressor 1 (BRMS1) and Con-nexin 43 (Cx43) in thyroid cancer and their correlation with clinicopathologic parameters. Methods:Immunohistochemistry Streptavi-din-Peroxidase method was used to detect the BRMS1 and Cx43 protein expression in 195 tissue samples, including 90 cases with thy-roid carcinoma, 45 cases with thyroid adenoma, 30 cases with nodular goiter, and 30 cases with normal thyroid glands. Results:The positive rates of BRMS1 and Cx43 expression was 56.7%(51/90) and 41.1%(37/90) in thyroid carcinoma, respectively, which are sig-nificantly lower than the rates in thyroid adenoma, nodular goiter, and normal thyroid gland tissues (P<0.001). Of the three pathological types of thyroid cancer, the positive expression rate of Cx43 was 61.9%in papillary carcinoma, 27.8%in medullary carcinoma, 27.3%in follicular carcinoma, and 12.5%in undifferentiated carcinoma. Statistical differences in the BRMS1 expression among papillary car-cinoma and the other pathological types were also noted. Unlike the patients without lymph node metastasis, the positive expression of BRMS1 and Cx43 proteins were both significantly low among patients suffering from nodal metastasis. Subgroup analysis shows that the positive expression of BRMS1 and Cx43 protein gradually decreased with TNM staging. In addition, a positive correlation was ob-served between the BRMS1 and Cx43 protein expression (r=0.494, P=0.032). Conclusion:The decreased expression of BRMS1 and Cx43 proteins is significantly correlated with the metastasis of thyroid cancer and malignant grade. The combined detection of the two proteins can be ideal biomarkers for judging the prognosis of thyroid carcinoma.

Purpose To discuss the relationship between age of onset and the HPV types infection in cervical adenocarcinoma. Meth-ods This study included 120 specimens of cervical adenocarcinoma in Jiangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital. The specimen blocks were sliced by sandwich method. DNA was amplified by SPF10-PCR method. DNA genotyping was used with LiPA method. All biopsy specimens had pathologic diagnosis. The HPV infection of cervical adenocarcinoma specimens was analyzed. Results 120 ade-nocarcinoma cases were included in this study. HPV positive rate was 77. 5% (93/120). HPV 18 was the most prevalent type, which took up 43. 01% (40/93) of the total HPV positive cases, as same as HPV 16, which took up 43. 01%(40/93) of the total HPV pos-itive cases. The average ages of HPV 16 and HPV 18 were 43. 41 and 41. 06 years old respectively, other HPV types were 46. 85 years old, which showed statistically difference (F=3. 58, P=0. 032). Conclusion HPV 18 and HPV 16 are two most prevalent HPV types in cervical adenocarcinoma. The cases of HPV 18 infection are younger than other HPV-types infection.