This article was aimed to study the dynamics of biocontrol endobacteria in roots, stems and leaves of Panax ginseng and soils adjacent roots. Gradient screening and root irrigation methods were used to develop Rif-resistance bacteria and inoculation. Dilution plate method was used to count the number of them in roots, stems and leaves of P. ginseng and soils adjacent roots. The results showed that bacteria which can endure 120 μg·mL-1 Rif was developed, and no change was found on their antagonistic activity against A lternaria panax Whetz and Phytophthora cactorum. In roots and stems of P. ginseng, ge15 and ge25 showed the highest number in the initial.Then, populations of ge15 and ge25 in ginseng roots and stems decreased to a stable status gradually. In ginseng leaves, populations of ge15 and ge25 increased to the highest 3 days after inoculation, then, populations of them were decreased and kept at certain concentration. In ginseng rhizosphere soil, populations of ge15 showed reciprocating change, and which of ge25 showed increase initial, and then decrease to a stable status. It was concluded that endobacteria can keep a certain population in ginseng roots, stems, and leaves. Biocontrol agents based on them will be helpful for ginseng diseases controlling in the field.

Based on previous results of 16S rDNA sequence homologuous and results of physic-biochemical indexes and morphological characteristics in the present work, bacterial strain ge15 isolated from roots of ginseng plants was identified as Stenotrophomonas rhizophila. Confronting incubation results showed that, strain ge15 inhibited the growth of Alternaria panax, Phytophthora cactorum, and Cylindrocapon destructans significantly, and the width of inhibition zone was 13.3, 24.0, 12.0 mm, respectively. Further results showed that the emergence rate and seedling survive rate of ge15 treatment was significantly higher than those of the control, and which was similar to pesticide carbendazol treatment. The ge15 strain has good application potential in ginseng diseases control without contamination.
Alternaria ; growth & development ; physiology ; Antibiosis ; Biological Control Agents ; Hypocreales ; growth & development ; physiology ; Panax ; growth & development ; microbiology ; Phytophthora ; growth & development ; physiology ; Plant Diseases ; microbiology ; Plant Roots ; growth & development ; microbiology ; Seedlings ; growth & development ; microbiology ; Stenotrophomonas ; classification ; cytology ; isolation & purification ; physiology

Objective To observe the effect and safety of low dose milrinone used in patients suffering from refractory heart failure and renal dysfunction. Methods Forty-two patients with refractory heart failure and renal dysfunction were divided into treatment group(21 cases ) and control group(21 cases )by random digits table. All the patients accepted a therapy of cardiac booster, diuretics and vasodilators, and treatment group also accepted the therapy of milrinone [0.375 μ g/( kg· min), 10 mg/d, for 7 days]. And then the symptom, signs, blood pressure, heart rate, heart function and renal function before and after the treatment were observed. Results The total effective rate in treatment group was 85.7%( 18/21 ) ,significantly higher than that in control group [57.1% (12/21)] (P ＜0.05＝. After treatment,the heart rate,systolic blood pressure,diastolic blood pressure,stroke volume,cardiac output and left ventricular ejection fraction in treatment group and control group improved significantly than those before treatment, and these index improved better in treatment group [(79.3 ± 12.4) beats/min vs. (85.4 ± 10.2) beats/min, ( 107.6 ± 15.4)mm Hg ( 1 mm Hg = 0.133 kPa) vs.( 119.1 ± 13.5 ) mm Hg, (60.8 ± 9.4) mm Hg vs. (65.8 ± 8.5 ) mm Hg,(66.3 ± 10.2 ) ml vs. (61.2 ± 9.3 ) ml, (5.3 ± 0.6 ) L/min vs. (4.8 ± 0.9) L/min, (56.6 ± 8.4 )% vs. (48.9 ±7.3)% ,P ＜ 0.05＝. In two groups,there were no statistical difference in renal function. Conclusions Low dose of milrinone can improve the heart function of the patients with refractory heart failure and renal dysfunction and has good renal safety.

By nutrient solution culture method, effects of benzoic acid, diisobutyl phthalate, diisobutyl succinate, palmitic acid, 2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl) propane on root exudates of Panax ginseng were studied. GC-MS results in-dicated that, 15 to 23 components were detected in treatments including control, which were organic acids, alcohol, amino acid esters, phenols, amines, condensed nucleus, saccharine, etc. Through compared with control we found that, phenol and phenolic acids in root exudates increased in most of stress treatments. So we deduced that, the re-laxation of autotoxins from roots to outside environment was stimulated by autotoxins released into soil, and which ac-celerated the autotoxicity to ginseng seedlings.

Objective To explore the ziggy joint amomum six columns nai jun pill in patients with diabetic nephropathy urinary inhibition c and serum c-reactive protein levels.MethodsSelect 80 patients with diagnosis of diabetic nephropathy, randomly divided into 2 groups, 40 cases in each group.Craig column nai treatment, control group given on the basis of the observation group in the control group given six jun pill treatment, treatment of 12 weeks, before and after treatment were detected blood glucose (FBG), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1C), urinary inhibition c (CysC) and serum c-reactive protein (CRP) and 24 h urinary microalbumin urine trace albumin (24 hUAE) changes.ResultsCompared with before treatment, 24 hUAECysC, CRP and 2 group were lower (P< 0.05);Compared with control group, 24 huae CysC, CRP and the observation group were lower (P< 0.05), the clinical curative effect is higher (P< 0.05), and high safety.ConclusionZiggy joint amomum six columns nai jun pill treatment of the diabetic nephropathy is a effective way, and can significantly reduce serum CysC, CRP levels.

Objective To explore the effect of Shenshuaining capsule on nutritional status and blood rheology in patients with chronic renal failure.Methods 150 cases of chronic renal failure were randomly selected and were randomly divided into observation group and control group, 75 cases in each group.The control group were given hemodialysis for treatment,and the observation group was treated with Shenshuaining capsule one week after dialysis.The clinical effect,nutritional status and biochemical indicators in the two groups were observed.Results The total effective rate in the observation group was 86.67%, which was higher than 72.00% in the control group,the difference was statistically significant(x2=4.920,P<0.05).After treatment,the nutrition indicators of HBG,ALB,IgG,IgA and IgM in the observation group were (135.7±16.4)g/L,(34.5±2.9)g/L,(10.8±0.7)g/L,(2.1±0.4)g/L and (1.7±0.3)g/L respectively, which were higher than those in the control group[(113.8±16.9)g/L,(28.4±2.5)g/L,(7.6±0.8)g/L,(1.3±0.3)g/L and (1.2±0.2)g/L], the differences were statistically significant(t=8.054,13.797,26.070,13.856,12.010,all P<0.01).In the observation group,the incidence rate of undernutrition was 25.33%, which was lower than 46.67% in the control group, the difference was statistically significant(x2=45.905,P<0.05).After treatment,the blood urea nitrogen and blood urea in the observation group were (349±64)μmol/L and (10.4±3.7)mmol/L respectively,which were lower than those in the control group[(462±51)mol/L and (14.2±4.5)mmol/L], the differences were statistically significant(t=11.958,5.649,all P<0.05).After treatment,the creatinine clearance rate and concentration of hemoglobin in the observation group were (25.1±6.1)mL/min and (92.1±21.1)g/L respectively, which were higher than those in the control group[(21.7±5.4)mL/min and (84.7±15.3)g/L], the differences were statistically significant(t=3.614,2.459,all P<0.01).After treatment, the high blood viscosity,low blood viscosity,plasma viscosity and hematocrit in the observation group were (3.59±0.94)m/Pas,(7.84±0.97)mPa/s,(1.31±0.15)mPa/s and (0.33±0.07) respectively, which were lower than those in the control group[(4.41±1.13)mPa/s,(8.72±1.05)mPa/s,(1.43±0.24)mPa/s and (0.42±0.05)], the differences were statistically significant(t=11.958,5.649,2.459,all P<0.01).Conclusion For patients with chronic renal failure,Shenshuaining capsule combined with hemodialysis can improve the nutritional status and blood rheology.

Objective To explore the importance of gene diagnosis and prenatal diagnosis of spinal muscular atrophy(SMA),and improve the clinical diagnosis of SMA by analyzing the electrophysiological and gene characteristics of SMA.Methods Fifteen cases with SMA including 9 male and 6 female were enrolled in this study.The age was 5 months to 12 years.The 15 cases were subdivided into 3 clinical types,5 cases of type Ⅰ including 3 male and 2 female aging 5-18 months;7 cases of type Ⅱ including 4 males and 3 females aging 5 months-3 years;3 cases of type Ⅲ including 2 male and 1 female aging 3-12 years.They were all characterized by symmetric muscle weakness(more proximal than distal)associated with atrophy,absence or marked decrease of deep tendon reflexes,loss of voluntary movement and inability to sit or stand.The clinical characteristics and changes of electromyography(EMG)and nerve conduction velocity were assessed in all cases by using Danish Medoc Keypoint myoelectricity and evoked potentials inducer.The survival of motor neuron(SMN)gene was detected by PCR and restriction endonuclease spectrum analysis in 10 cases.Results EMG analysis found 94% patients had spontaneous potential,90% patients had increased duration of motor unit,and amplitude increased in 89% patients.Motor nerve conduction velocity was determined in 78 nerves.Motor nerve compound action potential wave amplitude decreased in 52 nerves,among them,distal latent period prolonged and motor conduction velocity reduced slightly in 36 nerves.Sensory nerve conduction velocity was determined in 45 nerves and remained normal.The SMN gene detection revealed deletion of exon 7 and 8 in 9 cases,deletion exon 7 in 1 case.The SMN gene detection in 10 patients and their parents didn't find any deletion of exon 7 and 8.Conclusions The definite diagnosis of SMA will rely on the typical clinical characteristics,changes of EMG and gene deletion analysis.Gene diagnosis of SMA lays a basis for prenatal diagnosis.

Panax ginseng is one of the most important traditional Chinese herbal medicine, soil borne diseases influenced the yield and quality severely. In our previous work, endophytic Bacillus subtilis ge25 strain was isolated from ginseng root, and which showed significant antagonistic activity against several most destructive ginseng phytopathogens. In the present work, crude protein and lipopeptid extracts were prepared from LB and Landy supernate by salting out, acid precipitation methods respectively. The antagonistic activity of crude extracts and stability to temperature and protease digestion were examined by ginseng phytopathogen Alternaria panax. Results showed that, the antagonistic activity of crude protein extracts from LB culture was complete and partially lost when treated by high temperature and proteinase K. However, crude lipopeptid from Landy culture showed significant stabile antagonistic activity to them. Acid-hydrolyzation and TLC-bioautography analysis showed, that the crude lipopeptide contained at least one cyclic lipopeptide. In consideration of the stability and perfect antagonistic activity of ge25, further researches will promote the biocontrol of ginseng diseases in the field.
Alternaria ; drug effects ; physiology ; Bacillus subtilis ; metabolism ; physiology ; Bacterial Proteins ; isolation & purification ; metabolism ; pharmacology ; Endopeptidase K ; metabolism ; Endophytes ; metabolism ; physiology ; Fermentation ; Lipopeptides ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Panax ; microbiology ; Plant Roots ; microbiology ; Temperature

Objective To determine the utility of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging ( MR DWI ) in detecting tumor necrosis with histological correlation after neoacljuvant chemotherapy. Methods Conventional MRI and DWI were obtained from 36 patients with histological proven esteosarcoma. Magnetic resonance examinations were performed in all patients before and after 4 cycles of preoperative neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Apparent diffusion coefficients (ADC) were calculated. The degree of tumor necrosis was assessed using the histological Huvos classification after chemotherapy. T-test was performed for testing changes in ADC value between the 2 groups. P value less than 0. 05 were considered as a statistically significant difference. Results The differences in ADC between viable [ (1.06±0. 30) ×10-3mm2/s ] and necrotic [ (2. 39±0. 44 )×10-3mm2/s] tumor were significant (t= 3. 515,P<0. 05). Changes in ADC value was greater in good responses to neoadjuvant chemotherapy than in poor responses, the ADC value in good responses was increased from (1.18±0. 19)×10-3mm2/s to (2. 27±0. 20)×10-3mm2/s, the corresponding value in poor responses was increased from (1.45± 0.11)×10-3mm2/s to (1.83±0. 16)×10-3mm2/s, There was significant difference in changes of ADC values between good responses and poor responses ( t = 4. 981, P < 0. 01 ). Conclusion Diffusion-weighted MRI permits recognition of tumor necrosis induced by chemotherapy in osteosarcoma. DWI is correlated directly with tumor necrosis. They have potential utility in evaluating the preoperative chemotherapy response in patients with primary osteosarcoma.

Objective To study the expression of mdm2 genes in nephroblastoma in children and relationship between mdm2 gene and clinical pathological parameters.Methods The protein expressions of mdm2 in 24 cases of nephroblastoma were detected with S-P immunohistochemical method.The relationships between mdm2 expression and clinicopathological parameters were analyzed.Results The positive rates of mdm2 in 24 cases of nephroblastoma were correlated with lymph node metastasis,clinical stage and tumor differentiation.There was a positive relationship between mdm2 protein expression and clinicopathological parameters such as lymph node metastasis,clinical stage and degree of differentiation(P