Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and nitric oxide (NO) can adjust the recovery of blood flow after cerebral ischemia, inhibit inflammatory reaction and promote the regeneration of the nerve and blood vessels. The gene polymorphism of eNOS is closely related to the onset of ischemic cerebrovascular disease. This article reviewed the relationship between eNOS and ischemic cerebrovascular disease.

Objective To investigate the effect of electrical stimulation to cerebellar fastigial nucleus on expression of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-кB) P50, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and Bcl-xL mRNA in rats brain after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion. Methods Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into normal control group (NC group), cerebral ischemia-reperfusion group (I/R group), fastigial nucleus stimulation (FNS) group, and fastigial nucleus lesion (FNL) group. A focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion model was established with middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). 7 and 14 days after operation, the infarct volume was measured, and the protein of NF-кB P50 in rats brain was detected with Western blotting; the expression of TNF-α and Bcl-xL mRNA was detected with RT-PCR. Results Compared with I/R group, the expression of NF-кB P50 protein increased in FNS group (P<0.05), with the decrease of expression of TNF-α mRNA (P<0.01) and increase of Bcl-xL mRNA (P<0.05), while the infarct size decreased (P<0.01). There was no significant difference between FNL group and I/R group for all the measurements (P>0.05). Conclusion FNS could induce the expression of P50 protein and Bcl-xL mRNA, and inhibit the expression of TNF-α mRNA, and reduce infarct size, which may associated with the neuroprotection of central nervous system from injury.

Objective To explore the effect of cerebellar fastigial nucleus stimulation (FNS) on the expression of Nestin in adult Wistar rat brain after focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion.MethodsThe animal model of focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion was made by filament occlusion of the right middle cerebral artery. 180 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups: normal control group (NC group), sham operation control group (SC group), ischemia/reperfusion group (I/R group), ischemia/reperfusion treated with sham FNS group (I/RFs group), and ischemia/reperfusion treated with FNS group (I/RF group), each group contain 1 d, 3 d, 7 d, 14 d, 21 d and 28 d six time points (for each point, n=6). Immunohistochemistry method was used to detect the number of Nestin expression positive cells following various time and interference in lateral cerebral ventriculus and hippocampus in adult Wistar rat brain.ResultsAfter focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion, the number of Nestin positive cells increased at each time point, reached small peak value in 7th d ( P<0.01). After treated with FNS, the number of Nestin positive cells increased more strikingly at each time point ( P<0.05, P<0.01), reached higher peak value in 7th d ( P<0.01), and maintained at higher level in 14th d. Furthermore, the shape of Nestin positive cells changed significantly.ConclusionFNS can increase the number of Nestin positive cells in some brain regions after focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion.

Astroglia is the first cell type in the central nervous system to encounter insult after brain ischemia. Then ischemia stimulates hypertrophic and proliferative changes in astroglia and induces it produce inflammatory factors involved in the initiation of immunologic cascade. The expression of these cytokines which interact in the central nervous system can both damage and protect the brain tissue. Therefore, it is important to study astroglia and cytokines in order to find a new way to reduce inflammation insults after brain ischemia.

Objective To evaluate whether ABCD2 score can discriminate dizziness patients with and without stroke. Methods This retrospective case-control observational study was conducted in 403 hospitalized patients. According to the final discharge diagnosis, the patients were divided into two groups:the stroke group and non-stroke group. The areas un-der the receiver-operator curves and 95%confidence intervals were then generated to estimate the diagnostic value. Re-sults ABCD2 score was higher in stroke group than in non-stroke group. Conclusions ABCD2 score can be used to quickly identify dizziness patients with cerebrovascular diseases.

BACKGROUND:The effect of placenta-derived growth factor(PLGF)on promoting vascular regeneration remains uncertain.In studies of models with PLGF deletion,PLGF has been considered to play critical role in inducing angiogenesis.OBJECTIVE:To summarize the research advances in effect of PLGF and its receptor in vascular regeneration and ischemic cerebral disease.METHODS:A computer-based online search of Pubmed and CNKl was performed for relevant articles published between 1990 and 2009 with key words of"PLGF"in Chinese and"PLGF angiogensis"Articles related with biological characteristics of PLGF and its roles in vascular regeneration and articles related with angiogenesis and PLGF expression after cerebral ischemia were selected.Repetitive articles were excludedRESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The role of PLGF and its receptor in vascular regeneration,mechanism of PLGF and its receptor to promote angiogenesis,vascular endothelial growth factor A,and the expression of PLGF and its receptor in brain after cerebral ischemia were introduced.PLGF can promote pathological angiogenesis,arteriogenesis,branch formation and hemopoietic progenitor cell mobilization.PLGF and its receptor play an important role in the angiogenesis of ischemic cerebral disease and display a good clinical prospect in the treatment of ischemic cerebral disease However,the specific role and mechanism require further study.

Objective To investigate the mechanism by which electro-acupuncture (EA) promotes revascularization in the brain after focal cerebral ischemia and reperfusion.Methods The Sprague-Dawley rat model of focal cerebral ischemia was made by filament occlusion. The rats were randomly divided into a control group, a model group, and an EA group. The model and EA groups were each divided into 5 subgroups receiving reperfusion 1, 3,7, 14 or 21 days after ischemia. EA was given at the bilateral Hegn point (LI 4) in the EA group. The expression of stromal cell-derived factor-1α(SDF-1α) mRNA was detected using a RT-PCR in the 3, 7 and 14 day subgroups.The immunohistochemical method was employed to detect the expression of SDF-1α protein. Results Compared with the control group, expression of SDF-1α protein increased significantly in the model and EA groups. Compared with the model group, the expression of SDF-1α mRNA increased significantly in the 3, 7 and 14 day subgroups.SDF-1α protein expression and microvessel count increased slightly but not significantly in the 1d subgroup, but the increases were significant in the 3, 7, 14 and 21 day subgroups.Conclusions EA may promote angiogenesis in an ischemic area of the cortex by increasing the expression of SDF-1αmRNA and its protein after focal cerebral ischemia and reperfusion.

Objective To observe the effect of l-3-n-butylphthalide(l-NBP)on the of nuclear factor-?B and I?B-? in primary cultured murine brain glial cells following oxygen-glucose deprivation/ reoxygenation(OGD/R).Methods Cultured mouse brain glial cells in vitro and established OGD/R model.Glial cells were divided into five groups: normal control(NC)group,OGD 24 h/R 24 h group,l-NBP 20 ?mol/L group,l-NBP 100 ?mol/L group,l-NBP 500 ?mol/L group.The protein expression of NF-?B in nuclear and I?B-? in endochylema were analyzed by Western blot.Results Comparing with NC group,OGD 24 h/R 24 h group showed a significantly higher expression of NF-?B(P

Metabolic markers were released in the process of bone resorption and formation during bone remodelling. These markers have been extensively studied in trials of osteoporosis and other metabolic bone disorders during the past de?cades. Bone metabolic markers can replenish bone mineral density in the management of osteoporosis, but their use in clini?cal practice is challenged by their variability. Recently, there are many great progress in research of bone metabolic markers application in non metabolic bone disorders.

Studies in recent years have demonstrated that stromal cell-derived factor-1 SDF-1/CXCR4 axis plays an important role in the process of angiogenesis. The expression of SDF-1 in ischemic tissue increases during cerebral ischemia. It binds to CXCR4 receptor on the surface of endothelial progenitor cells EPCs, and thus promotes bone marrow-derived EPC mobilization, proliferation, and migration to the ischemic areas and homing. EPCs differentiate into mature endothelial cells in the ischemic region, promote the formation of new blood vessels, and thus irrlprove the blood supply to ischemic tissue. This article reviews the effect of SDF-1/CXCR4 axis in the treatment of cerebral ischemia with EPCs.