China ; epidemiology ; Drug Resistance, Bacterial ; Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field ; Humans ; Listeria monocytogenes ; physiology ; Listeriosis ; epidemiology ; Serotyping

0.05);2.Withdrawal and social scores of the CBCL were significantly higher in rural girls than those in the urban ones(t=3.42,3.41 P_a

Teachers are the most important resources of colleges and univesities. Setting up the teachers' competence model of medical colleges and universities is the basis of guaranting the quality of medical education, which accords with the need of the post training of teachers and can be the basis for teachers' competence assessment.

Objective: To identify the functional domain of ?-Synuclein in affecting mitochondrial function and how the function to be impaired,especially,the mitochondrial membrane potential and the release of Cytochrome c.Methods: Harvest of ?-Syn-N and ?-Syn-△N by PCR,then subcloned into the pCMV-Myc mammalian expression vector.The recombinant plasmids were transfected into HEK293T cells by Lipofectamine 2000.After detecting the protein expression by Western blot,the functional domain was detected by co-immunoprecipitation.The mitochondrial membrane potential through flow cytometry and immunofluorescence,at the same time,the release of Cytochrome c through flow cytometry to detect.Results: The recombinant plasmids were constructed successfully.CO-IP has proved that N-terminal may be the functional domain of ?-Synuclein in affecting mitochondria.Over-expression of N-terminal could depolarize the mitochondrial membrane potential and induce the Cytochrome c releasing in MN9D cells.Conclusion: N-terminal may be the functional domain of ?-synuclein and over-expression of N-terminal could decrease mitochondrial activity.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the use of antibiotics in general hospitals of Ningbo. METHODS Totally 4 391 case history records in April,2004 of 12 hospitals were investigated on the use of antibiotics. RESULTS Medicines incomes accounted for 55.16% in total revenue in a hospital,and antibiotics accounted for 32.66% among medicines incomes.Antibiotics using rate was 62.11% in internal medicine departments.The percentage of antibiotics using without evidence was 23.92%,the combined antibiotics using rate was 49.89%.The average duration for antibiotics using was 10.83 days.Antibiotics using rate in surgery departments before operation was 71.00%,during operation was 20.48%,the combined antibiotics using rate during operation was 14.50%,antibiotics using rate after operation was 96.55%.Antibiotics using for treatment accounted for 62.37% and for prevention was 24.17%. CONCLUSIONS Antibiotics using rate is high in hospitals in Ningbo.Income of medicine is also an important part of total revenue in a hospital.We should pay more attention to management on clinical use of antibiotics.

Lomatogonium rotatum (L.) Fries, Gentianopsis barbata (Froel) Ma, and Gentianella acuta (Michx.) Hulten, the three kinds of Digeda-species Mongolian medicinal materials belonging to the family Gentianaceae, bad been widely used for the treatment of liver diseases. To analyze comparatively the content of swertiamarin and swertisin among these three kinds of Digeda-species Mongolian medicinal materials. HPLC method was applied for qualitative and quantitative analysis of swertiamarin and swertisin. The Phenomenex C18 (4.6 mm x 250 mm, 5 μm) was used, chromatographic methanol and water as mobile phase, the flow rate was 1.5 mL x min(-1) with UV detected at 237 nm, column oven temperature was 25 degrees C. Results showed that the contents of swertiamarin and swertisin were closely related the different species and producing areas. The content range of swertiamarin in L. rotatum from different habitats was 1.73% - 2.72%, 0.43% - 0.96% for the swertisin content; the content of swertiamarin in G. barbata from Alxa Left Banner was 0.38%, and the content of swertiamarin and swertisin in G. barbata from the others habitats and G. Acuta from different habitats were all detected qualitatively. The contents of swertiamarin and swertisin among these medicinal plants showed a significant difference due to the different species and producing areas. As a consequence, these medicinal plants should not be put together for clinical applications.
Apigenin ; analysis ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Gentianaceae ; chemistry ; classification ; Gentianella ; chemistry ; classification ; Iridoid Glucosides ; analysis ; Medicine, Mongolian Traditional ; Mongolia ; Plant Extracts ; analysis ; Pyrones ; analysis

OBJECTIVETo investigate the changes of gene expression profile in transitional cell carcinoma of bladder T24 cell after crocin treatment, in order to find the possible crocin targets.

METHODThe bladder cancer T24 cell line was treated with crocin. MTT assay was adopted to determine the inhibition rate for selecting the best effect time and concentration of crocin. Differentially expressed genes on groups with or without treatment of crocin were screened with high throughout cDNA microarray. One up-regulated gene p21(WAF1) and one down-regulated gene cyclinD1 were selected to undergo analysis by the reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Moreover, immunocytochemical method was used to evaluate p21(WAF1) and cyclinD1 protein expression.

RESULTThe growth of T24 cells was inhibited remarkably following a marked positive correlation between crocin concentration, time and inhibitor rate. When 3 mmol x L(-1) crocin treated T24 cells for 48h, the difference was significant compared with the control group (P < 0.05). Crocin induced wide changes of the gene expression profile of T24 cells. A total of 836 genes were up-regulated or down-regulated by more than 2 times, which were involved cell cycle controlling, DNA cell apoptosis, replication factor, and so on. The mRNA expression of p21(WAF1) and cyclinD1 detected by RT-PCR were in accordance with cDNA microarray data. The results of immunocytochemical method showed that p21(WAF1) and cyclinD1 protein expression were consistent with those mRNA expression.

CONCLUSIONCrocin can induce the significant alteration of gene expression profile of T24 cell. It is suggested that the widly konwn anti-tumor effects of crocin are medicated at least in part by regulating the cell cycle controlling gene expression.

Antineoplastic Agents ; pharmacology ; Carotenoids ; pharmacology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Down-Regulation ; drug effects ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; drug effects ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Time Factors ; Up-Regulation ; drug effects ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Animals ; Case-Control Studies ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Ecosystem ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mycoplasma ; isolation & purification ; pathogenicity ; Mycoplasma Infections ; epidemiology ; Rural Population ; Young Adult

With the wide application of electronic data management (EDC), the data management is shifting to a new mode. In order to recognize the advantages of EDC, we choose 20 representative registered clinical trials, which involve 5 404 subjects and 321 sites. We found that EDC has many beneficial impacts on the course of clinical trial data management, including the process of data collection, data cleaning, data quality control and clinical trial decision-making. The result also provides a reference for the adoption of EDC in clinical trials.
Clinical Trials as Topic ; Data Collection ; standards ; Information Storage and Retrieval ; standards ; Quality Control

OBJECTIVETo establish a nested real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay for detection of hepatitis B virus covalently closed circular DNA in PBMC( peripheral blood monocyte) and MMNC (marrow monocyte).

METHODSBased on the structural differences between HBVcccDNA and HBV rcDNA, two pairs of specific primers spanned the gap of the positive and negative chains and a specific TaqMan probe situated downstream were designed. To remove rcDNA, cccDNA was processed by Mung Bean Nuclease,and then amplified by nested real-time quantitative PCR using a pair of outer primers and a pair of inner primers. According to the standard preparation, cccDNA levels of specimen were calculated.

RESULTSWe have established a nested real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR method for HBV cccDNA successfully, and the linear range is from 5.0 x 10(2) to 3. 9 x 10(7) copies per milliliter. Of the 25 PBMC samples and 7 MMNC samples of the chronic hepatitis B or liver cirrhosis patients, 3 MMNC samples and 9 PBMC samples were HBV cccDNA positive, while all of the 21 healthy donator blood PBMC samples were negative.

CONCLUSIONSThe nested real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR method may be applied to detect HBVcccDNA level in PBMC and MMNC. HBVcccDNA can be detected in PBMC and MMNC.

DNA, Circular ; genetics ; DNA, Viral ; genetics ; Hepatitis B ; diagnosis ; virology ; Hepatitis B virus ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Humans ; Leukocytes, Mononuclear ; virology ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction ; methods ; Sensitivity and Specificity