China ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Precancerous Conditions ; diagnosis ; epidemiology ; pathology ; Stomach Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; epidemiology ; pathology ; Topography, Medical

BACKGROUND:With the development of stem cellresearch and regenerative medicine, a growing number of technique applications of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells have been used for treatment of femoral head necrosis. Simple grafting and injection of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells has a poor effect, which is combined with scaffold materials as cells carrier plays a better role.
OBJECTIVE:To review the research progress of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and carriers in the treatment of femoral head necrosis and to look into the future development prospects.
METHODS:A computer-based online search of PubMed (1989/2013) and CNKI (1989/2013) was performed for articles with the key words“osteonecrosis of the femoral head, avascularnecrosis, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, carrier or scaffold material”in English and Chinese, respectively. The advantages and limits of various carries and scaffolds were summarized.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Ideal carriers can promote and induce ability of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells to repair the femoral head. There is a variety of existing carriers, including autologous cancellous bone, al ograft bone, natural biological materials, organic materials, bio-ceramic, nano-materials. Since each material has its own advantages and limitations, composite materials have begun to be used in searching for ideal carriers and scaffolds, and there are however stil some issues that remain to be solved, such as lacking of unified standard of production, specification and making process;how to control and prevent the immune response and inflammation after implantation;how to ensure that the degradation rate of scaffold matches the generation rate of bone and cartilage in the femoral head;and how to identify the cytotoxicity, biocompatibility and therapeutic effects after implantation.

Objective To examine the psychometric characteristics of the Neonatal Oral-motor Assessment Scale (NOMAS) and the influence of evaluation time on assessment results of oral motor skills for preterm infants,and to provide advice for the application of oral-motor assessment in clinic practice.Methods Following Palmer's method,a video recording was made for the preterm infants at different age during the first 2 min of nutritive sucking(NS).We stored the recordings on a digital videodisc and two NOMAS assessors assessed each recording.Results The NOMAS had acceptable internal consistency for less than 35 weeks' PMA (postmenstrual age).Moderate correlation were found between scores on the NOMAS and feeding performance for less than 35 weeks' PMA (normal sucking r=0.58,sucking disorder r=-0.61).The NOMAS demonstrated low responsiveness to changes in oral-motor skill in a week period,ranging from 33 to 36 weeks' PMA (SRM=0.02～0.49).The NOMAS scores for evaluating 30 seconds and 2 minutes were not consistent,the former scores was higher.Conclusions The reliability and validity of NOMAS were acceptable in assessing the oral-motor function of preterm infants for less than 35 weeks' PMA.The evaluation time of NOMAS was suitable for 2 min.

Objective To observe the effects of cigarette smoke extract (CSE) on the proliferation and secretion of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in human lung fibroblasts (HLFs) induced by transforming growth faetor-β1(TGF-β1).Methods Cultured HLFs were divided into a normal group and a model group induced by TGF-β1 (5 ng/mL),then intervened with CSE at different concentrations (0% ,2.5% ,5%, 10%, respectively).Brdu ELISA assay was used to detect cell proliferation.H2O2release from cultured cells was assayed using a fluorimetric method.Cellular localization of H2O2 and expression of α-SMA were performed using a fluorescent-labeling strategy.Results TGF-β1 stimulated group showed positive expression of α-SMA, implying TGF-β1 had induced fibroblasts to differentiate into myofibroblasts.In TGF-β1 stimulated group,2.5% and 5% CSE promoted cell proliferation (P < 0.01 or 0.05), while 10% CSE inhibited cell proliferation (P < 0.01).In the normal group, both low and high concentration of CSE inhibited cell proliferation (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05), and the inhibition effect was dose-dependent.HLF induced by TGF-β1 generated low constitutive levels of extracellular H2O2 that was markedly enhanced by CSE treatment (P < 0.01).Pretreatment with DPI, an inhibitor of NADPH oxidase, abolished secretion of H2O2.Cellular localization of H2O2 by a fluorescent-labeling strategy demonstrated that extracellular secretion of H2O2 is specific to the myofibroblast.Conclusions Low concentration of CSE can promote myofibroblast proliferation, and markedly increase extracellular secretion of H2O2.CSE possibly take part in the development and progress of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis by increasing oxidative stress.

Objective To explore the expressions of livin and Smac in condyloma acuminatum (CA) tissue and their roles. Methods The expressions of Livin and Smac were analyzed by immunocytochemical staining with streptavidin-peroxidase (SP) in tissue specimens from the lesions of 58 patients with CA and foreskin of 20 normal human controls. Results The detection rates of Livin and Smac were 81.03% (47/58) and 77.59% (45/58) in CA lesions, respectively, compared to 25.00% (5/20) and 35.00% (7/20) in the controls, respectively. The expressions of Livin and Smac varied from positive (++) to strongly positive (+++) in CA lesions, and from negative (-) to positive (++) in the controls (both P< 0.05). A positive correlation was found between the expression of Livin and Smac in CA lesions (r = 0.373, P < 0.01). Conclusion There is an over- expression of Livin and Smac in CA tissue, which may be involved in the occurrence and development of CA.

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA),the most common type of sleep disordered breathing was closely associated with the occurrence of ischemic stroke.It has been demonstrated that OSA is an independent risk factor for ischemic stroke.Its pathogenic mechanism includes atherosclerosis,coagulation abnormalities and cerebral hemodynamic changes caused by long-term periodic hypoxia hypoxemia and hypercapnia.The prognosis of ischemic stroke patients with OSA is poor.Therefore,it needs to be treated early to avoid further damage to brain tissue and reduce the mortality.

Multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (MRP1/ABCC1) is the first identified member of ABCC subfamily which belongs to ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter superfamily.It is ubiquitously expressed in almost all human tissues and transports a wide spectrum of substrates including drugs,heavy metal anions,toxicants,and conjugates of glutathione,glucuronide and sulfate.With the advance of sequence technology,many MRP1/ABCC1 polymorphisms have been identified.Accumulating evidences show that some polymorphisms are significantly associated with drug resistance and disease susceptibility.In vitro reconstitution studies have also unveiled the mechanism for some polymorphisms.In this review,we present recent advances in understanding the role and mechanism of MRP1/ABCC1 polymorphisms in drug resistance,toxicity,disease susceptibility and severity,prognosis prediction,and methods to select and predict functional polymorphisms.

Objective To investigate the effect of ramipril on urinary protein in elderly type 2 diabetic patients with nephropathy in different periods.Methods 120 type 2 diabetic patients with nephropathy (64 males, 56 females) with mean aged (68±3) years were randomized into treatment group and control group (n =60, each).According to test results of 24 h proteinuria and renal function, they were divided into 3 subgroups: the normal urine albumin (normal control) group, the early diabetic nephropathy group, and the clinical diabetic nephropathy group.The control group received conventional treatment, while the treatment group used conventional treatment combined with ramipril 2.5 mg/d.Both groups had treatment course of 3 months.The changes in 24 h urinary total protein and urinary albumin before and 1 and 3 months after treatment, and the changes in blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine levels in patients with renal dysfunction before and 3 months after treatment were observed and compared.Results 24 h urinary total protein and urinary albumin were significantly decreased along with the extended treatment time (P＜0.05 or 0.01).The blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine levels were significantly declined at 3 months after treatment versus pre-treatment (P＜0.05 for both).There were no significant differences in 24h urinary total protein and urinary albumin in control group before versus after treatment (P＞0.05 for both).At 1 and 3 months after treatment, there were significant differences both in the decrement of 24h urinary total protein and urinary albumin, and in the blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine levels between the clinical diabetic nephropathy treatment group and the control group (P＜0.05 or 0.01).Conclusions Ramipril combined with conventional treatment can effectively reduce proteinuria and promote the recovery of renal function for type 2 diabetic patients with nephropathy.

Objective:To investigate the inhibitory effect and its possible molecular mechanisms of MicroRNA-34a(miR-34a) on the human nasopharyngeal carcinoma CNE-2 cell line subcutaneous xenograft tumor in nude mice.Methods: The human nasopharyngeal carcinoma CNE-2 cell line was cultured in vitro.miR-34a and Scrambled miRNA recombinant plasmids were successfully established and stably transfected into CNE-2 cells.Fifteen six-week-old male nude mice were divided randomly into three groups:miR-34a group(5 mice) ,Scrambled miRNA group(5 mice) ,Blank control group(5 mice).Different CNE-2 cells were subcuta-neously injected on the back near right lower limb.Tumor volumes were examined every 7 days.Mice were executed on the 35 days,and the eventual average tumor volumes and weights were examined.Total RNA and protein were isolated from tumors,and the expression of miR-34a,CDK6,and Bcl-2 mRNA and protein were determined by qRT-PCR and western blot,respectively.Results: The relative expressions of miR-34a was significantly up-regulated in miR-34a transfected group compared to Scrambled miRNA transfected group (P<0.05).Eight subcutaneous xenograft tumor models were successfully established.The nude mice of miR-34a transfected group appeared a smaller tumor volume compared to the other two groups at the beginning of 21th day( P<0.05).The eventual average tumor volumes in miR-34a group,Scrambled miRNA group and blank control group were(351.37±98.19)mm3,(798.75±91.04)mm3 and
(849.62±101.32) mm3 ,respectively,and the eventual average tumor weights in miR-34a group,Scrambled miRNA group and blank control group were(0.81±0.13)g,(1.47±0.21)g and(1.58±0.37)g,respectively.Both the eventual average tumor volumes and weights in miR-34a group were lower compared to the other two groups(P<0.05).qRT-PCR results revealed that the expression of miR-34a in miR-34a transfected group was significantly higher than in the other two groups,while the mRNA and protein expression of CDK6 and Bcl-2 were lower than the other two groups ( P<0.05 ) .Conclusion: miR-34a may inhibit the growth of human nasopharyngeal carcinoma CNE-2 cell line subcutaneous xenograft tumor in nude mice by down-regulating CDK6 and Bcl-2.

Objective To explore clinical features and misdiagnosis reasons in mitochondrial encephalomyopathy,lactic acidosis,and stroke-like episodes (MELAS) syndrome.Methods The results of clinical data,brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI),and the course of diagnosis were analyzed in 6 patients with MELAS.Results (1) Clinical features:headache and vomiting were the starting symptoms in 4 of 6 cases,and developmental delay was initial symptoms in 2 of 6 cases.Marasmus occurred in 6 cases,seizure in 5 cases,fever in 3 cases,and hirsutism and visual impairment in 2 cases.(2) Experimental results:blood lactic acid was higher in 6 (4.28 ～ 10.3 mmol/L).(3) Brain MRI:6 patients had abnormal signals in parietal,occipital,temporal lobe,which were not in accordance with vascular distribution.(4) Molecular genetics:All the 6 patients had A3243G gene mutation.(5) Three patients were misdiagnosed for viral encephalitis,and 2 developmental retardation.Conclusions MELAS is characterized with developmental retardation,and repeated encephalitis attack.It is also misdiagnosed because of its variety of clinical features.If patients have high level of lactic acid and multiple MRI signal abnormalities of brain which are not in accordance with vascular distribution,MELAS should be suspected of.Genetic examination and muscle biopsy are especially important in the diagnosis of MELAS.