Antigens, CD ; blood ; Antigens, Neoplasm ; blood ; Bone Marrow ; immunology ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Flow Cytometry ; methods ; Humans ; Male ; Myeloid Cells ; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma ; immunology ; mortality ; Survival Rate

Since the evidence-based medicine (EBM) being evoked widely, to seek out the best evidence is becoming the pivotal step for the development of Chinese medicine (CM), and randomized controlled trial (RCT, at most times, it means explanatory clinical trial--ECT) has been accepted as the general golden standard for the evaluation of clinical intervention. However, it is noted that the traditional RCT (ECT) is unsuitable for the special characteristics of individual treatment in CM. The formation and development of CM theory is found on large amount of clinical experiences, and to evaluate its clinical efficacy and safety is the most primary task. Because the CM intervention measures are complex and individualized, the clinical effectiveness of CM is embodied as a complex system, which impacted greatly by the environment factors. It is deemed that the pragmatic clinical trial (PCT) has the character just fitting for the evaluation. The feasibility of PCT in CM clinical evaluation is discussed in this paper in order to raise a new issue for the evaluation of CM effectiveness.
Clinical Trials as Topic ; methods ; Evidence-Based Medicine ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; methods ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; methods ; Research Design

Air ; analysis ; Chromatography, Gas ; methods ; Styrenes ; analysis ; Workplace

To detect the effect of PDZ1, domain of postsynaptic density 95 (PSD-95), on apoptosis of hippocampal neurons induced by oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD), Sprague-Dawley rat hippocampal neurons were infected with PDZ1-viruses after 21 days of plating. Twenty-four hours after infection, cells were treated with OGD for 1.5 h, then were incubated with DAPI and apoptosis-like cells were characterized, or were collected for co-immunoprecipitation and Western blot analyses. The results showed that: (1) PDZ1 overexpression was observed in hippocampal neurons; (2) Apoptosis induced by OGD was obviously decreased in neurons overexpressing PDZ1 (P<0.05); (3) Overexpression of PDZ1 prevented the binding of GluR6 to PSD-95; (4) Overexpression of PDZ1 inhibited MLK3 and JNK1/2 activation induced by OGD. These results indicate that overexpression of PDZ1 may prevent hippocampal neurons from apoptosis induced by OGD.
Animals ; Apoptosis ; Cells, Cultured ; Culture Media ; chemistry ; Disks Large Homolog 4 Protein ; Glucose ; chemistry ; Hippocampus ; cytology ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; metabolism ; Membrane Proteins ; metabolism ; Neurons ; cytology ; pathology ; Oxygen ; chemistry ; PDZ Domains ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Objective To explore the culturing strategies,curiculum provision,courses conferring methods,teaching effects as well as the associated managerial evaluations on the basis of Sino-French cooperation on medical education with the hope of summarizing helpful suggestions to Sino-Foreign cooperation on medical education. Methods The achievements of our Sino-French cooperation on medical education were analyzed and compared in the teaching models,culturing strategies along with courses conferring processes among seven-year medical students from both English-teaching and French-teaching classes. Results Our Sino-French cooperation on medical education was featured in its distinct culturing purposes and effective teaching model.Its scientifically formulated culturing strategy found its full expression in French-teaching atmosphere.The Sino-French cooperation on medical education was consistently welcomed and favorably recommended by both faculties and students. Conclusion The Sino-French cooperation on medical education has not only gained precious experience in culturing the cutting-edge medical talents with the international visions but also conduced to fulfill the goal to establish a modernized and internationalized medical school.

Objective To construct and implement the training model of eight-year medical education with characteristics of Shanghai Jiaotong University. Methods Based on survey,discussion and consultation,the experiences of long schooling medical education in Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine were summarized.Training plan and education reform scheme were established. Results Training objective,guideline and major reform measures had been clarified.The training plan and reform scheme were under process of implementation. Conclusion The training objective of eight-year medical education should be further confirmed.The curriculum should be in accordance with the training objective,and education reform is important and necessary for the eight-year medical education.

Objective To explore the feasibility of "immersion program" in French-taught surgical lessons,as to provide multiple educational methods and practical experiences for the application of bilingual education in clinical medicine.Methods Twenty-nine senior students of French-taught class were randomly divided into group A(n=15) and group B(n=14)."Immersion program" and "transitional bilingual education" were employed for group A and group B,respectively for the first half of teaching session,and "transitional bilingual education" and "immersion program" for the second half,respectively.The differences between the two bilingual education models were compared through quiz.Results In the prior 2 of the 4 quiz,the scores of French quiz and the total scores were much higher in "immersion program" group,and there were significant differences between the two groups(P0.05). Conclusion "Immersion program" helps to improve the ability of presentation,comprehension and application of French in the precondition of equal educational content,and it will be more beneficial when accessing the "immersion program" on the basis of "transitional bilingual education".

Epigenesis, Genetic ; Humans ; Molecular Epidemiology

OBJECTIVETo analyze the stress and displacement distribution of 3D-FE models in three conjunctive methods of vascularized iliac bone graft for established mandibular body defects.

METHODSUsing computer image process technique, a series of spiral CT images were put into Ansys preprocess programe to establish three 3D-FE models of different conjunctions.

RESULTSThe three 3D-FE models of established mandibular body defects by vascularized iliac bone graft were built up. The distribution of Von Mises stress and displacement around mandibular segment, grafted ilium, plates and screws was obtained.

CONCLUSIONIt may be determined successfully that the optimal conjunctive shape be the on-lay conjunction.

Objective To observe the short- and long-term efficacies of acupuncture in treating metabolic syndrome (MS). Method A hundred MS patients were randomized into an acupuncture group and a Western medication group. In addition to basic treatment, acupuncture was used in the acupuncture group, while Western medication was adopted in the Western medication group. The fasting plasma glucose (FPG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), insulin (INS), triglyceride (TG), blood pressure (BP), weight circumference (WC), body mass index (BMI), and MS score were evaluated before and after treatment, and a month and 3 months after the treatment. Result There was no significant difference in comparing the short-term therapeutic efficacy between the two groups after treatment, while the long-term therapeutic efficacy of the acupuncture group was superior to that of the Western medication group (P<0.01); the FPG, INS, TG, HDL, BP, and MS score were significantly improved after treatment and a month after the treatment in both groups (P<0.01); the acupuncture group had significant improvements in WC and BMI after treatment and a month after the treatment (P<0.01), significantly superior to the Western medication group (P<0.01); the acupuncture group showed marked improvement in INS, HDL, WC, and BMI 3 months after the treatment (P<0.01), significantly superior to the Western medication group (P<0.01,P<0.05). Conclusion Acupuncture can produce a similar short-term but a better long-term therapeutic efficacy compared to Western medication. Hence, acupuncture can be taken as an assistant intervention for MS.