Activated protein C(APC)is generated through hydrolysis of protein C by thrombin-thrombomodulin complex.APC has been proved to play different roles in many human diseases,such as anticoagulant,antiinflammatory,profibr-inolysis,antiapoptotic and endothelial cytoprotective activities.In this review,the research progress of the functions of APC and related diseases,especially the neural protective roles of APC in central nervous system were summarized.

AIM　To analyse the essential oil components of Thymus quinquecostatus Celak. METHODS　Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry were used. RESULTS　A total of 78 components were separated. 34 of them were identified, which accounted for 95.93% of the total peak area. The main constituents are o-cymene, carvacrol, caryophyllene, 2-isopropyl-1-methoxy-4-methylbenzene and γ-terpene. CONCLUSION　Thymus quinquecostatus Celak has perfume and medical development value.

0.05); ⑵Serum TNF? and IL-6 levels in kansui root group were significantly lower than those in control group at the third, 7th and 14th days after treatment(P0.05). Conclusion ⑴kansui root therapy was effective for SAP, ⑵kansui root therapy ameliorated SAP possibly by decreasing the levels of serum TNF? and IL-6, ⑶kansui root therapy improved microcirculation of pancreas possibly by decreasing the ratio of TXA 2/PGI 2, and ⑷kansui root treating SAP may be multi-pathway and multi-target.

This paper mainly discusses how physician - patient disputes are included within scope of the media and become its"focus"of concern.It has revealed in my research that the dual interests of the media,the interests driving of the journalists,the strength of TV (or video) and the audiences are the inherent dynamisms which ehance the media let physician - patient disputes included in its vision.In other words,the physician - patient disputes become the"hot spot"of media attention with the help of the gatekeepers and the audiences.

0.05).(3)The levels of CRH and DHEA-S in umbilical cord blood of PL(7.8?3.3)ng/L,and(514?295)?g/L,respectively and of TL (7.7?4.1)ng/L,and(483?207)?g/L,were higher than that in term not in labor(4.8?2.4)ng/L, and(360?80)?g/L,respectively(P 0.05).In PL,the level of CRH in umbilical cord blood and the expression of CRH mRNA in placentas and fetal membranes were correlated with each other(r=0.935 and 0.853,P

Objective To investigate the mechanism of growth hormone inhibiting IPS-induced apoptosis of alveolar type Ⅱ epithelial cells in rats. Method Isolated and purified AEC Ⅱ cells of SD rats were divided into 5 groups,8 duplicate wells in each group. Group I served as control group; group Ⅱ:LPS 10 ug/ml;group Ⅲ:LPS 10 ug/ml + GH 50 ng/ml;gronp IV :LPS 10 ug/ml + GH 100ng/ml; group V: LPS 10 ug/ml + GH 200 ng/ml. LPS was finally added into wells in group Ⅱ～V . After the cells were incubated for 24 hours, the apoptosis rate and necrosis rate of AEC Ⅱ cells stained with Annexin V/PI were detected by flow cytometry and Fas protein of AEC Ⅱ cells were measured by immunocytochemistry. Results (1) The apoptosis rate and necrosis rate of AECⅡ cells in group Ⅱ,Ⅲ, Ⅳ and V were significantly hitOer than those in group Ⅰ( qapoptosis rate Ⅰ, Ⅱ =12.26,qnecroeis Ⅰ,Ⅱ=18.34, qapoptosisⅠ.Ⅱ=9.63,qnecrosisⅠ,nⅡ=5.75,qapotosisⅠ,Ⅳ= 9.15,qnecrosisⅠ,Ⅳ= 5.39, qapotosisⅠ,Ⅴ = 10.87, qnecrosisⅠ,Ⅴ = 5.91, P 0.05), but lower in group Ⅲ,IV and V than those in group Ⅱ(qapoptosis Ⅱ,Ⅲ= 15.24, qpecrosisⅡ,Ⅲ=16.38, qapoptosisⅡ.Ⅳ = 15.95,qnecrosisⅡ.Ⅳ=16.95, qapoptosis rate Ⅱ,Ⅴ=14.57, qnecrosisⅡ.Ⅴ = 15.61,P<0.05). (2)The positive rate of Fas expression on AEC Ⅱ cells in group Ⅱ,Ⅲ, Ⅳ and V was obviously higher than that in group Ⅰ. ( q Ⅰ.Ⅱ=35.67, qⅠ ,Ⅲ=14.32, qⅠ,Ⅳ = 13.87, qⅠ.Ⅴ=26.16, P<0.05), but lower in gronpⅢ ,Ⅳ and Ⅴ than that in gronp Ⅱ(qⅡ,Ⅲ=12.54, qⅡ,Ⅳ = 13.02, qⅡ,Ⅴ =6.96, P<0.05). Conclusions GH can probably de-crease the apoptosis of AEC Ⅱ cells by inhibiting Fas expression.

Adult ; Humans ; Lipids ; blood ; Male ; Occupational Exposure ; Vanadium ; toxicity

Objective To investigate the ultrasound characteristics of prenatal fetus otocephaly . Methods Three prenatal fetus with otocephaly were examined with two -and three-dimensional ultrasoundand examined results were compared with the those of induced labor or autopsy ,and ultrasound characteristicsof prenatal fetus were analyzed and summarized .Results The ultrasound performance of three prenatal fetuswith otocephaly and the examination of the appearance after induced labor showed :(1) The most intuitiveinitial sonographic performance of otocephaly was manifested by the absence of stomach bubble andoverabundance of amniotic fluid.Among three fetus,one fetus had overabundance of amniotic fluid at the midstageof pregnancy,one fetus had normal amniotic fluid at the mid-stage of pregnancy and one fetus hadextremely high amount of amniotic fluid and absence of stomach bubble at late stage of pregnancy .(2) Allthree fetus showed agnathy and synotia (shifts of both ears to the midline) and microstomia deformity.(3) All three fetus had associated complications with deformity in other systems including two cases of patients withcleft lip and palat,both were the fracture unilateral cleft lip derived from small mouth .One fetus withdysmelia and one fetus with complicated cardiovascular deformity and situs inversus and .(4) The results ofexamination after induced labor or autopsy were consistent with those of the prenatal ultrasound examination . Conclusions Prenatal ultrasound examination is an effective and feasible means for the diagnoses ofotocephaly.When the symptoms of “absence of stomach bubble and extremely high amount of amniotic fluid ”occurred,the fetal ear and submaxilla should be examined to confirm stand -alone otocephaly prenatally.

Aim To investigate the role of matrix metalloproteinase-9 down-regulation in the learning and memory dysfunction induced by propofol treatment in rats.Methods 7-day-old SD rats were randomly divided into three groups(n=18):control group(NS group) and repeated doses of propofol group(RP group) was intraperitoneally injected with normal saline and propofol respectively for consecutive seven days, single dose of propofol group(SP group) were intraperitoneally injected with normal saline first for consecutive six days, and then injected with propofol on 7th day.The blood gas and glucose levels were monitored of six rats randomly selected from each group.Morris water maze was conducted to test the learning and memory functions of the remaining rats.The expression of MMP-9, BDNF and caspase-3 was detected by Western blot, and the hippocampal neuron apoptosis was determinated by TUNEL staining.Results Compared with NS group and SP group, the escape latency in RP group was prolonged significantly, exploration time and the number of crossing the platform in RP group were markedly decreased(P<0.05).The expressions of MMP-9 and mBDNF in RP group declined, but the expression of proBDNF and the ratio of proBDNF/mBDNF in RP group were higher than those in NS group and SP group(P<0.05).Compared with NS group and SP group, the number of apoptotic neurons and the expression of cleaved-caspase-3 in RP group were increased significantly, but the expression of pro-Caspase3 in RP group was reduced(P<0.05).There was no difference between SP group and NS group regarding all the results(P>0.05).Conclusions Repeated exposure to propofol can lead to a decline in long-term learning and memory functions in neonatal rats, which may be related to the down-regulation of MMP-9 expression, proBDNF and mBDNF conversion disorder in hippocampus and the apoptosis of hippocampal neurons.However, single exposure to propofol has no significant effect.

AIM: To investigate the effects of propofol on the expression of tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) in the hippocampus and the cognitive function in neonatal rats.METHODS: The 7-day-old rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: the rats in control (CON) group were intraperitoneally injected with normal saline for 7 d;the rats in single dose of propofol anesthesia (SP) group were intraperitoneally injected with normal saline for 6 d and with propofol on the 7th day;the rats in repeated dose of propofol anesthesia (RP) group were intraperitoneally injected with propofol for 7 d.Blood glucose and blood gas analysis were tested in 6 rats of each group.The rats were randomly selected from each group to isolate the hippocampal tissues at 2 h, 24 h, 48 h, 72 h and 30 d after the last injection.The spatial learning and memory functions of the other rats aged 25 d were determined by Morris water maze.The morphological changes of the hippocampus were observed by HE staining and Nissl's staining.The expression of tPA and MMP9 at mRNA and protein levels was determined by RT-PCR and Western blot.RESULTS: Compared with group CON, the protein expression of tPA and MMP9 in RP group was significantly decreased at each time point, while no significant decrease was observed in SP group except at the time point of 24 h.Compared with CON group, the mRNA expression of tPA and MMP9 was down-regulated obviously in RP group, which was not significantly down-regulated in SP group.From the 3rd training day of Morris water maze beginning, the escape latency was prolonged, and the space exploration time and the number of crossing the original platform location were reduced in RP group compared with CON group and SP group, while no significant difference was observed between CON group and SP group.Compared with CON group, the number of nerve cells reduced and nerve cells arranged in disorder in the hippocampus in RP group.Moreover, the number of Nissl body decreased significantly and finally developed into neuronal degeneration and necrosis in RP group, and no significant difference between SP group and CON group was observed.CONCLUSION: Repeated dose of propofol anesthesia leads to long-term cognitive dysfunction in neonatal rats, which may be related to the down-regulation of tPA and MMP9 expression and destruction of normal morphology and function of neurons in hippocampus, whereas single dose of propofol anesthesia has no such effects.