Objective To compare the effects of autotransfusion and homologous transfusion on milieu interieurand secretion of erythropoietin (EPO) .Methods Thirty patients aged 8-21 yr undergoing surgical correction of kyphoscoliosis were randomly divided into two groups of fifteen: group A and group B. In group A patients received homologous transfusion during operation, while in group B shed blood was collected from operative field and after filtration RBCs were separated by a differential centrifugation and washed in normal saline and reinfused. Anesthesia was induced with fentanyl 2 ?g? kg-1 , propofol 1 mg ? kg-1 and vecuronium 0.1 mg ? kg-1 and maintained with inhalation of isofiurane and 50% N2O in oxygen and intermittent iv boluses of vecuronium and fentanyl. Blood routine, blood gases, electrolytes, plasma osmotic pressure and activated clotting time (ACT) were measured before operation, 2 h after skin incision and at the end of surgery. Blood EPO concentration was measured before operation, at the end of surgery and 24 h after operation. Results MAP and HCO3- were significantly lower during operation in group A than those in group B. Platelet count was significantly lower at the end of operation in group B than in group A but still within normal range. The EPO level increased at the end of operation and returned to preoperative level 24 h after operation in both groups, and there was no significant difference in EPO levels between the two groups. Conclusion Autotransfusion of the washes RBCs is helpful in maintaining the patients milieu interieur. There is no difference in EPO secretion and erythropoiesis between autotransfusion and homologous transfusion.

Objective To evaluate the clinical value of cystectomy with prostate capsule sparing in orthotopic bladder replacement for bladder cancer. Methods A total of 56 male patients (mean age,62 years) with bladder cancer were included.Of them 40 cases were of primary tumors and 16 were of recurrent ones.Pathology by cystoscopy and biopsy showed transitional cell carcinoma in 53 cases and squamous cell carcinoma in 3.According to the analysis of B ultrasound,CT,MRI and cystoscopy, they were clinically diagnosed as recurrent multiple superficial tumors (n=27) and invasive tumors (n=29).Radical cystectomy with prostate capsule sparing was performed on them.Detubularized ascending colon (20 cases) or ileal segment (36 cases) was used to form a neobladder,which was anastomosed with distal portion of prostate capsule. Results Mean operative time of ascending colonic neobladder and ileal neobladder was 5 h 50 min and 6 h 20 min,with blood loss of 580 ml and 540 ml,respectively.Pathology showed pT 1N 0 in 28 cases,pT 2N 0 in 25 and pT 3N + in 3.During the follow up of 4 to 102 months (mean,42 months) 3 patients of pT 3N + died of bladder cancer and 5 died of other diseases.The cancer specific 5 year survival was 94% in cases of T 1N 0,83% in T 2N 0.At 1 year follow up,17 out of 18 patients (94%) with ascending colonic neobladder and 30 out of 30 patients (100%) with ileal neobladder were fully continent during the day,and 46 (96%) voided 1 to 2 times at night and could stay dry.Of 31 patients with preoperative adequate sexual function, 23 (74%) maintained potency postoperatively. Conclusions Radical cystectomy with distal prostate capsule sparing and reconstruction with an orthotopic neobladder is a relatively safe and reliable surgical procedure.It can improve the continence and potency without compromising the principle of tumor control.

Objective To investigate the effect of meridian exercises on blood glucose and clinical symptoms of community elderly type 2 diabetic patients.Methods Sixty elderly patients with type 2diabetes mellitus (T2DM) were selected from two communities from February to September in 2012.Thirty participants from one community received meridian excise-based group sport management (experiment group),the other 30 subjects from another community got meridian excise-based individual sport management (control group).Before and after the intervention,blood glucose and self-report symptoms were assessed.Results At baseline and after the intervention,there was statistically significant difference of postprandial blood glucose and self-symptom score between the two groups (t values were-5.954,-2.900,-4.214 and-3.798,respectively; all P＜0.05).After the intervention,experiment group showed statistically significant difference in self-assessment of symptom score from the control group (t=-5.484,P＜0.05).Conclusion Meridian exercises can efficiently improve diabetic patients' postprandial blood glucose and clinical symptons.

Objective To evaluate effects of pretreatment with glutamine on lung injury induced by intestinal ischemia/reperfusion(II-R) in rats. Methods Glutamine or saline were injected through tail vein before the model of intestinal ischemia/reperfusion in rats were established.The gene expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1(ICAM-1) and heat shock protein-70(HSP-70) were tested with RT-PCR methods.The levels of heat shock protein-70 in the lung were measured with Western Blotting.Myeloperoxidase and malondialdehyde and pathological changes were also measured. Results The gene expression of heat shock protein-70 was enhanced by pretreatment with glutamine,and the level of HSP-70 was parallelly increased.Nevertheless,MPO,MDA and the gene expression of ICAM-1 were inhibited. Conclusion Pretreatment with glutamine can lessen the lung injury induced by intestinal ischemia/reperfusion in rats,the induction of HSP-70 gene may be one of the potential mechanisms.

Objective To investigate the inhibition of proliferation and the regulation of histone acetylation modification in Jurkat cells treated by sodium valproate(VPA). Methods Jurkat cells were treated with VPA.Cell proliferation was determined by CCK-8 assay, and cell cycle were analyzed by flow cytometry (FCM). mRNA of HDAC1 was detected by semi-quantitative RT-PCR, and protein expression of HDAC1 and acetylation of histone H3, H4 was examined by Western blotting. Results VPA inhibited the proliferation of Jurkat cells in concentration-and time-dependent manners. After exposure to VPA in different concentrations for 48h,cell cycle was arrested obviously at G0/G1 phase (P <0.05), and with increasing concentration, the percentage of G0/G1 phase cells was increased and that of S phase were decreased. HDAC1 mRNA expression were inhibited with the increasing concentration of VPA. The protein level of HDAC1 was down-regulated, while acetylation of histone H3、H4 was up-regulated in Jurkat cells by VPA. Conclusion VPA can inhibit proliferation of Jurkat cells and induce G0/G1 phase arrest. The mechanism may be that VPA increase acetylation of histone H3/H4 by inhibiting expressions of HDAC1 gene.

AIM: The objectives of the present study were to examine the effect of Jumi(JM) extraction on relaxation of isolated rat aortic rings,and to elucidate its mechanisms.METHODS: The thoracic aortic rings with and without endothelium of male Sprague-Dawley rats were mounted on a bath system.Vasodilatation of aortic rings preconstricted with 10-6 mol/L of phenylephrine(PE) was measured.RESULTS: JM extraction(0.5-8 g/L) caused a concentration-dependent relaxation in aortic rings.The extent of relaxation was larger in endothelium-intact aortic rings than that in endothelium-denuded aortic rings.Both L-NAME [a nitric oxide synthase(NOS) inhibitor] and high potassium(20 mmol/L KCl) partly abolished the relaxation action of JM extraction in endothelium-intact aortic rings.Pretreatment with L-NAME also inhibited the relaxation response to JM extraction in endothelium-denuded aortic rings.After incubation with JM extraction,NOS activities enhanced both in endothelium-intact and endothelium-denuded aortic rings.CONCLUSION: JM extraction causes relaxation of aortic rings through endothelium-dependent and independent pathways.The mechanisms might be involved in NOS and endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor.

Objective To understand the zoonotic trematode species identified in domestic animals from Huainan area,An-hui Province,so as to supply the evidence for the prevention of zoonoses. Methods The livestock/definitive hosts were commer-cially available on category basis,and sacrificed for obtaining the parasitic samples via dissecting the viscera. The specimens were microscopically identified,with reference to the descriptions in the previous literature. Results By identification,sorting and classification,41 species of internal trematodes were found so far in the domestic animals fed in Huainan areas,in which 23 spe-cies were zoonotic trematodes and 18 were internally parasitic in livestock,belonging to 4 orders,12 families and 21 genera,and occurred in 9 definitive hosts including chicken,ducks,geese,pigs,cattle,buffaloes,sheep,goats and dogs,respectively. Con-clusion The findings suggest that the zoonotic trematodes belong to many kinds and prevalent in the domestic animals in Huainan areas,and such prevalence should call for high attention since it is urgent risk factors for zoonoses in this geographic area.

Background and purpose:Radiotherapy is the main method to manage head and neck tumors.About half of the patients with malignant tumor in head and neck could obtain long term survival through radiotherapy or other therapy combined with radiotherapy.However,it is necessary to clinically detect whether carotid stenosis is a major sequela of head and neck irradiation,especially in long term survivors such as patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma.We analyzed this injury and the degree of carotid stenosis,and its related factors to provide information to reduce and delay the incidence of this injury.Methods:We analyzed the degree of arterial stenosis of the nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients who received radiotherapy and had survived more than three years in Cancer Hospital Fudan University,compared with newly diagnosed as nasopharyngeal carcinoma before radiotherapy.The degree of carotid artery injury was observed and the clinical factors which affect its occurrence and development.All patients were low differentiated squamous cell carcinoma confirmed by pathology.All patients were examined with color doppler ultrasound to detect the carotid artery.The main end points were the diameter of carotid artery,the peak systolic and end diastolic velocities.Results:Arterial stenosis was more common in the reserch group than the control group(80% vs 20%,P＜0.001).The common and internal carotid arteries were most commonly involved(70% vs 20%,P＜0.001;6313% vs 10%,P＜0.001),followed by the external carotid artery(30% vs 3.3%,P=0.015).Significant stenosis was only found in the research group,common carotid arteries 36.7%,internal carotid arteries 23.3%,external carotid arteries10%.Conclusion:This study showed that radiation could cause significant carotid stenosis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients who had received radiotherapy more than 3 years previously.Carotid stenosis developed more frequently in the common carotid artery and intemal carotid artery on the side that had received radiotherapy.

Objective To evaluate the prognostic value of bilateral inguinal lymph node metastases in node-positive penile cancer. Methods Sixty patients with surgically resected node-positive penile cancer were analyzed. All the patients underwent regional lymph node dissection. Recurrence free survival curves were plotted by Kaplan-Meier method and compared by the Log-rank test. Multivariate survival analysis was performed using Cox regression model. Results Of all the patients, 18 cases had bilateral inguinal lymph node metastases. The 3-year recurrence free survival rate in patients with bilateral invovlement was significantly lower than those with unilateral disease (26.7 % vs 65.3 %, χ2 =10.6, P=0.001). In order to evaluate wether the prognostic significance of bilateral lymph node metastases was dependent of increased number of positive nodes, the two predictors were included in multivariate survival analysis.Both the number of metastatic nodes and bilateral nodal disease were independent prognostic factors (P ＜0.05).Comparisons of survival curves showed those patients with bilateral nodal disease and more than 2 metastatic nodes had worst outcome. Conclusion Bilateral inguinal lymph node metastases is an important prognostic factor in penile cancer irrespective of the number of positive lymph node.

Background and purpose:Liquid biopsy is a kind of blood, urine and other non-solid biologi-cal tissue sampling analysis, mainly for malignant tumor diagnosis, monitoring and predicting its prognosis. In this research, we optimized the extraction of miRNA in urine, established a standardized means of liquid biopsy, screened and verified the miRNA markers in patients with bladder cancer.Methods:From Jan. 2014 to Sept. 2015, we used miRNA microarray in six patients with bladder cancer and six healthy controls. Samples of 78 cases of bladder cancer and 23 healthy controls were tested by real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RTFQ-PCR) to verify the relationship between miRNA markers in liquid biopsy and clinical pathological parameters. The diagnostic value of miRNA markers was also analyzed and compared.Results:We screened 10 miRNAs differential expression in urine. Combined with previous literature, we selected 20 miRNAs to verify their expression levels in bladder cancers and healthy controls. miR-509-5p/miR-124 ratio in the urine was found higher in patients with bladder cancer than in healthy controls (P<0.0001). With the rise of miR-509-5p/miR-124 ratio in urine, tumor stage and grade were also increased (P=0.003). When the cutoff was set at 0.41, the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of miR-509-5p/miR-124 ratio were 73.1% and 82.6%, respectively. The AUC of miR-509-5p/miR-124 ratio to detect bladder cancer was 0.864, higher than that of urinary exfoliated cells (P=0.0002).Conclusion:We optimized the extraction of miRNAs in urine,established a standardized liquid biopsy of miRNA markers. The miR-509-5p/miR-124 ratio could be an ideal diagnos-tic marker for bladder cancer.