Parkinson's disease(PD) is one of the most common neurological degenerative diseases with unknown causes and pathogenesis,and may be associated with genetic and environmental factors.Recent studies showed that PD had genetic basis.Genetics research of PD has been a hot topic nowadays,which provides hope for revealing the pathogenesis of PD.

Objective To evaluate the outcomes of endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) for children with chronic rhinosinusitis, who had no response to medication. Methods A total of 112 children (aged 12 to 17 years) with chronic rhinosinusitis caused by abnormal anatomy of the nose cavity were treated by ESS in our hospital. Septorhinoplasty was performed on the patients under an endoscope. Conchoplasty, adenoidectomy, or nasal polypectomy was performed simultaneously if necessary. Results The patients were followed up for 6-23 months (mean 13 months). The symptoms of rhinosinusitis disappeared in 110 patients (98.2%); whereas the other 2 patients showed no obvious improvement after the operation. Conclusions By using microinvasive ESS combined with conchoplasty, children with rhinosinusitis caused by abnormal anatomy that does not respond to medication could be cured.

Objective To assess the cesarean section scar morphology and size with transvaginal ultrasound and the healing of incision diverticulum after the repairing operation.Methods Forty cases with cesarean section scar defects needed repairing operation,40 cases of cesarean section without symptoms and 40 cases of vaginal delivery were involved.The scar condition and measured the size of cesarean section defects were observed.For the 40 cases needed repairing operation,the healing of the scar and measured the size of the defects were observed which still existed before and after the surgery.For the transvaginal delivery cases the thickness of uterine isthmus were measured.Results After the scar defects repairing operation,there were 9 cases who still had diverticulum,but the defects were smaller than that before operation (P <0.05).The symptoms were relieved.Among the 40 asymptomatic cases,there were 1 1 cases had defects,but the diverticulum were smaller than that of needed operation patients (P < 0.05 ). Conclusions The transvaginal ultrasound is a noninvasive and convenient method to observe the cesarean section scar.

Actins ; metabolism ; Adult ; Antigens, CD34 ; metabolism ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Hypertension ; etiology ; Juxtaglomerular Apparatus ; pathology ; surgery ; ultrastructure ; Kidney Neoplasms ; complications ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; ultrastructure ; Nephrectomy ; Vimentin ; metabolism

HLA-G belongs to non-classical HLA-class Ⅰ genes.It is expressed in the fetal-maternal interface on the extravillous cytotrophoblast and in such immune privilege tissues as the cornea and pancreas.However, under pathological conditions, such as tumor, inflammatory diseases and post transplantation, HLA-G is expressed abnormally.HLA-G can interact with its acceptors or immune cells and suppress the function of immune cells, which facilitates the escape of the surveillance of the human immune system and the consequent damage.In clinical studies,HLA-G is related to some clinical parameters.This review will focus on the expression, function and regulatory mechanisms of HLA-G in cancer immunology.

Objective:To investigate the complications of traumatic optic neuropathy and to call the surgeons' attention to precaution. Method:Retrospectively analysis of 122 cases patients with traumatic optic neuropathy and 3 cases were analyzed in detail including 1 case with purulent meningitis, another 1 case with internal carotid artery pseudoaneurysm and the other 1 case with internal carotid artery cavernous sinus fistula. Result:Most of the patients had the complications of orbital fracture, maxillofacial fracture, ocular and craniocerebral injury. A few of patients had other injuries all over the body. The case with purulent meningitis was cured with antibiotics. The case with internal carotid artery pseudoaneurysm was cured with neurosurgery. The visual acuity of the both cases were improved. The case with internal carotid artery cavernous sinus fistula died of severe hemorrhea. Conclusion: The patient with traumatic optic neuropathy has the possibility of severe cranial disorders,orbital fracture, maxillofacial fracture and injuries of viscera or limbs. It should be paid mare attention and treated accordingly.

Objective To explore the therapeutic efficacy of the water soluable photosensitizer D-galactopyranosyl zinc phthalocyanines (T1)-mediated photodynamic therapy (PDT) applied to HepG2 human hepatocellular carcinoma cells in vitro and in vivo,as well as its mechanism.Methods HepG2 cells in their logarithmic growth phase were cultured and divided into different concentrations ofT1 (0 μM,0.06 μM,0.125 μM,0.25 μM,0.5 μM and 1 μM).Methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assays were employed to determine the effect of the T1-PDT on the proliferation of the HepG2 cells.Cell apoptosis and necrosis were measured using a cell analyzer with Annexin VFITC/PI/Hochest33342 triple-staining.The reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the mitochondrial membrane potentials of the HepG2 cells were detected using fluorescence microscopy.Confocal microscopic assays were used to observe T1's subcellular localization on the HepG2 cells.Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reactions (RT-PCRs)were used to detect any apoptosis of Bcl-2-and Bax-related genes.H-22-bearing mice were used to calculate the antitumor rate of T1-PDT,and the expression levels of Bcl-2 and Bax mRNA were detected using RT-PCRs.Twenty-four healthy mice were randomly divided into a control group,a low-dose group,a middle-dose group and a high-dose group,each of 6.Each group was given different doses of T1-PDT and the tumor inhibition rate was calculated.Results The MTT assays showed that T1-PDT could significantly inhibit HepG2 cell growth,but T1 or PDT alone had little effect.The confocal microscope assay showed that T1 was mainly localized in the mitochondria in HepG2 cells with little in the lysosome.Cell analyzer results showed that T1-PDT could induce HepG2 apoptosis.The ROS levels of HepG2 cells increased after T1-PDT.The RT-PCR results showed that T1-PDT could increase the expression of Bax and decrease the expression of Bcl-2.The in vivo experiments demonstrated that T1-PDT significantly inhibited the growth of H-22-xenografied tumors.Conclusions T1-mediated PDT has a significant lethal effect on HepG2 cells in vitro and in vitro.The lethal effect of PDT on cancer cells is shown in the apoptosis and can be attributed to T1's subcellular localization in the mitochondria,increasing ROS levels,and regulating apoptosis-related genes.

Objective To study Chinese medicine and Western medicine preventing the anaphylaxis of ionic-type radiography agent,to solve the anaphylaxis in brain enhancment CT.Methods Eight hundred and forty cases have been diagnosed in brain enhancement CT at our hospital,from Fed.1995 to May 2000.Results Chinese medicine,ginger,pinellia and hormone medicine were all useful in preventing the anaphylaxis of ionic-type radiography agent in brain enhancement CT.Conclusion Chinese medicine:ginger and pinellia could prevent the anaphylaxis of ionic-type radiography agent.

Objective To explore the diagnosis value of narrow-band imaging magnifying endoscopy (NBI-ME) in the early esophageal cancer and precancerous lesions while estimating the quality,depth and treatment strategy.Methods One hundred and eleven cases of patients with suspected early esophageal cancer and precancerous lesions,who underwent ESD treatment,were selected as the study subjects.To estimate the diagnosis value of NBI-ME in the quality,depth and treatment strategy with pathological histology as gold standard.Results While estimating quality,there was no low grade intraepithelial neoplasia(LGIN) cases with NBI-ME.A total of 33 cases were diagnosed as high grade intraepithelial neoplasia(HGIN),including 30 cases of HGIN and 3 cases of LGIN after ESD treatment,and the other 78 cases were diagnosed as early esophageal cancer,including 5 cases of LGIN,22 cases of HGIN,and 51 cases of early esophageal cancer.Compared with the pathology results,the quality consistency of NBI-ME is general:K=0.498.While estimating depth,there was no LGIN cases with NBI-ME.A total of 33 cases were diagnosed as HGIN,including 30 cases of HGIN and 3 cases of LGIN after ESD treatment,67 cases were diagnosed as intramucosal carcinoma,including 5 cases of LGIN,22 cases of HGIN,30 cases of intramucosal carcinoma,and 10 cases of submucosal carcinoma after ESD treatment,and 11 cases were diagnosed as submucosal carcinoma.Compared with the pathology results,the depth consistency of NBI-ME is general:K=0.469.Most of the patients shoud be treated by ESD except 8 cases of LGIN.Conclusion The study shows general diagnosis value of NBI-ME in estimating quality,depth and treatment strategy of early esophageal cancer and precancerous lesions.

Objective:To investigate the effects of exogenous hydrogen peroxide(H_2O_2)on mitochondrial superoxide production and mitochondrial membrane potential changes(△ψ)in fisher rat thyroid cell line(FRTL).Methods:Following 1 mmol/L H_2O_2 exposure in FRTL cells for 10 min,30 min and 24 h,mitochondrial superoxide production was measured by living cell imaging and flow cytometry using MitoSOX.The mitochondrial membrane potential was assayed by spectrofluorimeter and fluorescent microscopy using rhodamine 123(rh123).The cell viability was detected by MTT colorimetric method.Morphological changes were observed by invert microscope.Apoptosis assay was performed by acridine orange staining.Results:Quantitative measurements of the mean intensities of MitoSOX demonstrated significant increase with 1 mmol/L H_2O_2 following 10 min,30 min and 24 h treatment in FRTL cells compared with that of control.Fluorescence intensity of rh123 and optical density of MTr were significantly decreased in FRTL ceils with 1 mmol/L H_2O_2 following 30 min and 24 h treatment(P ＜ 0.01).Under light microscope and fluorescence microscope the characteristic morphological features of programmed cell death,pickuosis,karyorrhexis,and cell shrinkage were observed after acridine orange staining.Conclusion:Acute and chronic exogenous H_2O_2 exposure cause oxide stress in FRTL cells,which result in the increase of mitochondrial superoxide production,△ψdecline,cell necrosis and apoptosis.