Communicable Disease Control ; methods ; trends

Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Contraindications ; Humans ; Pacemaker, Artificial

With the development of modern science,the updates of endoscopic technology,respiratory endoscopy has become essential means in the clinical diagnosis and treatment of respiratory disease in children.Due to the particularity of its complex structure and material,to strengthen the cleaning,disinfection and sterilization of respiratory endoscopy and attachment can ensure medical safety,prolong the service life of the endoscopic.It also was the primary guarantee to ensure that the treatment of respiratory endoscopy proceed smoothly and securely.

Roux-en-Y procedure has widely been used for digestive tract reconstruction after distal or total gastrectomy,and the Roux stasis syndrome is one of the most common complications.The symptoms of Roux stasis syndrome include abdominal pain,abdominal distention,nausea,vomiting and anorexia.Abdominal movement of the intestinal loop and reversed peristalsis cause delayed passage of gastric contents,which is the main cause of the Roux stasis syndrome.Prokinetic agents and electronic stimulation have been investigated as potential nonsurgical treatment methods for Roux stasis syndrome.Uncut Roux-en-Y anastomosis has been found to be effective in preventing Roux stasis syndrome.In the future,precise evaluation of the psychological changes of the digestive tract after the Roux-en-Y anastomosis and understanding the mechanism of Roux stasis syndrome would be more effective to help the surgeons to resolve the problems.

By analyzing the present condition of communication courses in some medical colleges and universi -ties and the clinical practice situation , this paper emphasized the significance of the clinical professional courses :it is beneficial to promote the reform of medical education , is advantageous to the medical students′humanistic spirit , to improve clinical teachers′humanistic quality , is helpful to reduce medical disputes .And on the future develop-ment of clinical communication course put forward the following suggestions: extended content , the integration of related courses , reform teaching methods , intensify communication course value .

neoplasia.

Objective To analyze triple receptor-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and non-triple receptor-negative breast cancer (non-TNBC),to determine the MR imaging characteristics of TNBC.Methods Data from two groups TNBC and non-TNBC patients were reviewed.Recorded the MRI features which involved the morphological features,kinetic lesion features and measured ADC values,As well as their clinical features and the pathological findings.Data were statistical analyzed in SPSS 17.0 software.Results There were significant difference between TNBC and non-TNBC in histological types,histologic grade,the situation of lymph metastases and mass shape,margin subgroup and lesion enhanced type,the ADC value (P ＜ 0.05).The special histological types for TNBC were squamous carcinoma (metaplastic carcinomas),medullary carcinoma,basal-like carcinoma.The number of lymph node metastasis in the TNBC group was 78.9 ％ (15/19).Histologically,TNBC were mainly Ⅲ grade (89.4 ％).In the group of TNBC,the percent of lobulated mass,margin smooth and rim enhancement was 52.6 ％,36.8 ％,42.1％,the higher ADC value of TNBC than non-TNBC.While there were no statistical significant differences in the age of onset,the maximum tumor diameter,the situation of menstruation,the situation of family history of breast cancer,the number of the mass,enhancement lesion type and the time-signal intensity curve type (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Some MRI features combined clinical and histopathological characteristics would be helpful in the diagnosis of TNBC.

Objective: To study the characteristics of mouse embryonic stem (ES) cell line R1 expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP) efficiently and stably. Methods: Four kinds of biological characteristics: growth curve, express level of alkaline phosphatase, karyotype and pluripotentiality of the subclones of R1 ES cell expressing GFP were observed and analysed. Results: No obvious differences between R1 ES cells and the 4 ES cell clones expressing GFP［ESG（+）］ on the proliferation speed, differentiation state and the ratio of normal karyotype were observed. Teratocarcinoma concluded 3 germinal layers could form after inoculating ESG(+) cells to nude mice. Conclusion: The expression of GFP may not make any detectable effect on the proliferation speed, differentiation state and the pluripotentiality of R1 ES cells. This research work ensures efficient utilization of GFP as a reporter gene tracing ES cell in vivo.

Oxaliplatin is effective for the treatment of advanced colorectal cancer,but its application is restricted because of the dose-limiting toxicity.As drug carriers,liposomes are featured with delay release,lesion targeting and they could decrease the side effects of drugs.Active targeting modification of the liposome can change the biological distribution of the anticancer drugs,reduce or reverse multidrug resistance of tumor cells and enhance the effect of anti-tumor drugs.With these characteristics mentioned above,lipsomes containing oxaliplatin may play an important role in the treatment of colorectal cancer.

There is still a certain recurrence rate after extensive lymphadenectomy even to patients with node-negative gastric cancer.It promotes the researchers to use a more sensitive and effective way to track tumor cells which are missed,especially lymph node micrometastases.With the development of detection tech-nology,the diagnostic rate of micrometastasis is significantly increased.There are so many controversies about the impact of lymph node micrometastases that no consensus on the clinical treatment can be reached.In recent years,with the rise of endoscopic therapy,how to balance the relationship between the quality of life and the safety makes the research of micrometastases more urgent.