This article talks about the essential problems of iatrogenic injury from the point of basic laws,such as how to distinguish iatrogenic injury and how to solve medical disputes about iatrogenic injury.Iatrogenic injury is an objective phenomenon,we should observe and analyze in on an objective and peaceful position,seek for a rational viewpoint,and give a moderate description.Through discovering and discussing,we hope to control and lower medical disputes and set up mature and reasonable doctor-patient relationship to some extent.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by memory loss and cognitive decline. The pathological eatures of Alzheimer's disease are abnormal deposition of amyloid beta-peptides (Aβ), neurofibrillary tangles, cholinergic deficits, and loss of synaptic processes and dendritic spines. Senescence accelerated mouse prone 8 exhibits age-related deficits of learning and memory from an early age, tau protein phosphorylation, neurotransmitter changes, synaptic structure and function disorders, circadian rhythm disorders,as well as gene expression and many other characteristic changes, which are consistent with Alzheimer's disease pathological changes，and can be used as an ideal animal model for Alzheimer's disease prevention drugs development.

Antineoplastic Agents ; pharmacology ; Cell Cycle ; Cell Line, Tumor ; drug effects ; Cell Proliferation ; Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma ; metabolism ; pathology

To optimize bacteriocin production,researching was done on the respect of incubation condition and the media components. And the optimum incubation time was 24h, the optimum temperature was 30℃, the optimum broth initial pH was 6.5. The optimum media component was: lactose 30g, trypone 15g, soybean peptone 20g, meat extract 30g, peptonethe 20g, Tween 80 1mL, K_(2)HPO_(4 )2g, NaAc 5g, Tri-Ammonium citrate 2g, (MgSO_(4)) 0.58g, MnSO_(4) 0.25g, H_(2)O 1000mL. Production of bactericoin under the optimum broth was 640AU/mL, 8 times than MRS media.

Objective To compare the results of three kinds of heart preservative fluids,namely histidine-tryptophan-ketoglutarate(HTK)solution,Fuwai modified solution(FWM)and St.Thomas' Hospital cardioplegic solution number 2(St.Thomas-Ⅱ)for the preservation of isolated rat hearts under low temperature.Methods Fifty-four male SD rats were randomly divided into HTK,FWM and ST-Ⅱ groups(18 each),and each group was divided into three subgroups(6 each)according to different duration of preservation under low temperature(4,6 and 8 hours).The hearts were harvested and then mounted on the Langendorff apparatus and perfused with K-H buffer solution for determination of the baseline hemodynamic values(HR,LVSP,?dp/dtmax and CF).The isolated hearts were then arrested and stored in different preservative solution as mentioned at 4℃ for 4,6 or 8 hours.The hemodynamic values were measured before cardiac arrest and after cardiac reperfusion in Langendoff model,and the recovery rates of the values were calculated.The hearts were finally sectioned after reperfusion for the observation of morphological changes with light microscope.Results With the same hypothermic preservation time,the recovery rates of hemodynamic values were significantly higher,and the changes in myocardial structures were obviously less in HTK and FWM groups than in ST-Ⅱ group(P0.05).Conclusions HTK and FWM solutions are more effective than St.Thomas-Ⅱsolution in preservation of isolated heart under low temperature with the same storage duration.The effect of HTK solution for preservation of isolated heart descended with the prolongation of preservation time,especially so after 8 hours.

BACKGROUND:Studies have shown that bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells under certain conditions can differentiate into nerve cells. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem celltransplantation can rebuild nervous system function and improve functional disorders in patients. Glycosides of cistanche also have a protective effect against nerve cellinjury. Their combination has been less reported. OBJECTIVE:To observe the effectiveness of Cistanche deserticola and bone marrow mesenchymal stem celltransplantation on spinal cord injury in rats. METHODS:Fifty adult Wistar rats with spinal cord injury were randomly divided into four group:a Cistanche deserticola group (intragastric administration of 20 mL/kg Cistanche deserticola concentrated solution per day), a celltransplantation group (10μL of 1×108/L bone marrow mesenchymal stem cellsuspension), a combination group (10μL of 1×108/L bone marrow mesenchymal stem cellsuspension+intragastric administration of 20 mL/kg Cistanche deserticola concentrated solution per day) and a control group (intragastric administration of 20 mL/kg normal saline per day). The intragastric administration lasted for 30 days in each group. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:After 30 days of treatment, the expression of Nestin was significantly higher in the combination group than the other groups. After 12 weeks, Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan scores was significantly higher in the combination group than the other groups (P<0.05);somatosensory and motor evoked potential latencies were also improve significantly in the combination group compared with the other groups (P<0.05). These findings indicate that oral administration of Cistanche deserticola combined with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells can significantly improve the motor and neurophysiological function of spinal cord injury rats. Cistanche deserticola can improve the survival of transplanted bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in rats with spinal cord injury.

BackgroundHigh myopia is one of leading causes of blindness,so far the pathogenesis remains unclear.Two single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of rs6885224 and rs12716080 in CTNND2 gene were recently found to be associated with high myopia in Singaporean Chinese.But whether these SNPs are related with the pathogenesis of high myopia in Han Chinese is worth studying,Objective This study was to investigate the relationship between the genetic variations of the CTNND2 gene and high myopia in Han Chinese.MethodsA case-controlled association study was designed.Nine hundred and thirty-three individuals with high myopia and 1227age- and gender-matched normal subjects were included in this study.The 5 ml of periphery blood was obtained from all subjects for the extraction of genomic DNA.The target DNA was amplified using PCR and purified by the SNaPshot method.Four SNPs rs12716080,rs917012,rs6885224 and rs16901340 in the CTNND2 gene were genotyped.This study was approved by the Ethic Committee of Sichuan Provincial People Hospital.Written informed consent was obtained from each subject before his/her enrollment.Results The frequencies of the genotypes rs6885224,rs12716080,rs917012,rs16901340 SNPs were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) ( P=0.181,0.085,0.732,0.313,0.264,0.663,0.084,0.196).There were no significant differences in genotypes frequency distribution ( in turn P =0.654,0.406,0.828,0.403 ) and allele frequency distribution of the CTNND2 gene ( in turn P =0.377,0.209,0.743,0.198) between the high myopia group and normal control group.The haplotypes (TA and GA)frequencies of rs12716080 and rs917012 in the high myopia group were significantly different from those of the normal control group(TA:0.784 vs.0.719;GA:0.087 vs.0.136) (x2 =6.115,P=0.013 ;x2 =6.634,P=0.010),but those of GG were similar between the high myopia group and normal control group ( 0.123 vs.0.143,x2 =0.889,P =0.346). ConclusionsThe SNPs rs12716080,rs917012,rs6885224 and rs16901340 in CTNND2 gene were not responsible for high myopia,however,the haplotypes of rs12716080 and rs917012 are susceptible for high myopia in Han Chinese.

Aim To observe the optimal temperature and optimal pH of uricase-catalase liposomes(UCALP) and free uricase(UAE), and study the abilities of UCALP to reduce uric acid and hydrogen peroxide in mice with hyperuricemia.Methods UCALP were prepared by reverse phase evaporation, optimal temperature and optimal pH of UCALP and UAE were determined, respectively.Mouse model of hyperuricemia was established by intraperitoneally injection of uric acid, and the model mice were intravenously injected UCALP and UAE, respectively, then the serum concentration of uric acid and hydrogen peroxide in mice at different time points were measured by the assay kits, respectively.Results Optimal temperature of UCALP and UAE was 40℃, and optimal pH was 8.0 and 8.5, respectively.UCALP could more significantly lower uric acid level of hyperuricemia mice than that of UAE, and the concentration of hydrogen peroxide in UCALP group was lower than in UAE group.Conclusion UCALP can effectively decrease the level of uric acid and control the level of hydrogen peroxide in mice with hyperuricemia.

Objective To investigate the therapeutic effects of arsenic trioxide(ATO) plus vitamin K2(VK2) on proliferation of HL-60 cells from acute promyelocytic leukemia cell line and explore the possible mechanism.Methods ①HL-60 cells were exposed to ATO(0.0,0.5,1.0,2.0,4.0 μmol/L),VK2(0.0,2.5,5.0,10.0,20.0μmol/L),or both of different concentrations (0.5 μmol/L ATO + 2.5 μmol/L VK2,1.0 μmol/L ATO + 5.0μmol/L VK2,2.0 μmol/L ATO + 10.0 μmol/L VK2,4.0 μmol/L ATO + 20.0 μmol/L VK2) for 24,48 or 72 h,respectively.The method of CCK-8 was used to assess the proliferation of HL-60 cells and the half inhibitory concentration(IC50) of ATO or VK2 was calculated,respectively.②Combination index (CI) was used to evaluate the combinative effect of the two treatments:CI ＜ 1,=1 or ＞ 1 indicated synergistic,additive,or antagonistic effect,respectively.③After HL-60 cells were treated with 1.0 μmol/L ATO or 5.0 μmol/L VK2 individually or simultaneously for 48 h,Annnexin V/PI staining was performed to identify the apoptosis rate of each group.Untreated cells were used as control group.Results ①ATO or VK2 alone inhibited the proliferation of HL-60 cells in a concentration and time dependent manner.The IC50 of ATO or VK2 at time of 24,48,72 h were (22.86 ± 2.44),(6.66 ± 0.34),(4.14 ± 0.41) and (18.40 ± 1.12),(13.48 ± 0.73),(8.95 ± 0.40) μmol/L,respectively; ②The combination of ATO and VK2 illustrated a synergistic effect with CI ＜ 1.③No statistical difference was found among control group [(4.38 ± 0.56)％],1.0 μmol/L ATO group [(5.76 ± 1.63)％] and 5.0 μmol/L VK2 group [(6.38 ± 1.42)％] in the apoptosis rate(all P ＞ 0.05).However,the apoptosis rate of combined group did rise to (44.18 ± 8.42)％,with a significant improvement to that of VK2 or ATO group alone (all P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions The combination of VK2 and ATO exhibits an enhanced synergistical inhibitive effect on proliferation of HL-60 cells,and apoptosis may be involved in this synergy in part.

Objective To compare efficacy and side effects of intravenous versus oral indomethacin treatment for symptomatic patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in preterm infants.Methods Fourty-nine preterm infants were reviewed retrospectively who were diagnosed as having symptomatic PDA confirmed by echocardiography.According to the using type and approach that were divided into 2 groups (intravenous group,n=21;oral group,n=28) and their doses and intervals were same.The rates of ductal closure and side effects were compared in 2 groups.Results There were no significantly different between 2 groups in single ductal closure and complicating other diseases. Soon closure of intravenous group was higher significantly than oral group [61.9 %(13/21) vs 28.6 %(8/28),P