From the current reality of weak legal consciousness of medical students and based on summing up the training status on legal awareness of medical students in China, this paper proposes some countermeasures such as strengthening the educational work of training medical students' legal awareness,improving the cultivation of their spirit of the law and establishing the legal awareness of medical workers,etc.

Objective To study the diagnosis and treatment of syncope by analyzing its etiology.Methods Ninety-six syncope patients admitted to our hospital from 2014-01-01 to 2016-12-21were included in this study.The etiology of syncope was analyzed.Results Of the 96 syncope patients included in this study,50 (52.1 ％) were diagnosed with nerve-mediated reflex syncope,31(32.3％) with orthostatic hypotensive syncope,10 (10.4％) with cardiogenic syncope due to arrhythmia,coronary atherosclerotic cardiopathy or pulmonary embolism,5 (5.2％) with other diseases.Conclusion Nerve-mediated reflex,orthostatic hypotension and cardiogenic factors are the causes of syncope.Attention should thus be paid to syncope caused by nervous system diseases.Clarification of the risk factors for syncope helps to reduce its potential risk.

Oligodeoxynucleotide containing unmethylated cytosine phosphate-guanosine motif(CpG ODN) may induce high expression of CD80, CD86, CD83, HLA I and HLAⅡ molecules on dendritic cells(DC) and stimulate DC to produce high level of IL-6, IL-12, TNF-? and IFN-?. CpG ODN is demonstrated in vivo to be a very potent adjuvant for Th1 cells, regulating Th0 cells to develop toward Th1 cells. Its role for DC is characteristics of CpG ODN sequence specificity and species specificity. CpG ODN is, at present, considered as a pathogen associated molecular pattern which binds its specific receptor,Toll-like receptor 9,then functions through TLR/IL-1R signaling pathway. It may represent a new therapeutic drug for broad applications in infectious disease, autoimmune disease, allergy and cancer therapy.

To introduce professor YAN De-xin's experience in diffrerentiating and treating Emeda with Heart Involved from qi and flood He thinks that pathogenesis of Emeda with Heart Involved is water overflowing due to yang deficiency,internal retention of blood stasis and turbidity.So this disease can be differentiated from these aspects including the disturbance of the functional activities of the lung,failure to transform body fluid;body fluid transformed by blood stasis,simultaneous disorders of both blood and body fluid;deficiency of pectoral qi,derangement of qi and blood.What's more,he proposes the application of drugs for warming yang and promoting blood circulation is very important.

0.05).Conclusions Long-term or short-term use of OXC can affect serum levels of thyroid hormones in children with epilepsy,so serum levels of thyroid hormones shall be monitored regularly in epileptic children treated with OXC.

0.05).Thyroid follicular volume of VPA group slightly reduced;thyroid follicular volume of OXC group increased while epithelial cells thinning;thyroid structure of LEV group had no alterations;thyroid follicular volume of OXC plus LEV group and VPA plus LEV group had no consistent alterations.Conclusions Long-term application of VPA and OXC may arouse alterations of thyroid structure and hormone secretion.LEV has no effection on thyroid function,with VPA and OXC combined usage can reduce their effection on thyroid gland.Thyroid hormone level should be monitored when using anti-epileptic drugs(ADES) long-term in clinical work.

Objective: To investigate the relationship between depressive symptoms and frailty among middle-aged and elderly populations, so as to provide insights into the early identification and prevention of frailty. Methods: Based on the 2018 database of China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), demographic information, lifestyle and self-rated health status were collected from people aged 50 years and older. Depression symptoms were evaluated using the Short Version of Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scales (CES-D-10), and the frailty status was evaluated using frailty index. The relationship between depressive symptoms and frailty among middle-aged and elderly populations were using a multivariable logistic regression model, and the dose-response relationship was analyzed using a restricted cubic spline model. Results: A total of 5 172 individuals were enrolled, including 2 495 males (48.24%) and 2 677 females (51.76%), with a median age of 63.00 (interquartile range, 12.00) years, a median CES-D-10 score of 7.00 (interquartile range, 9.00) scores. There were 1 560 participants (30.16%) detected with mild depressive symptoms, 360 participants (6.96%) detected with moderate to severe depressive symptoms. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that after adjusting for gender, age, educational level, marital status, smoking, alcohol consumption and self-rated health status, participants who had mild depressive symptoms (OR=4.226, 95%CI: 3.625-4.928) and moderate to severe depressive symptoms (OR=10.737, 95%CI: 8.259-13.958) had a higher risk of frailty. The restricted cubic spline model showed a nonlinear relationship between depressive symptoms and frailty among middle-aged and elderly populations. When the CES-D-10 scores were greater than 7, the risk of frailty increased with higher CES-D-10 scores. Conclusion The degree of depressive symptoms in middle-aged and elderly people is associated with frailty, and there is a nonlinear relationship between the two.

The aim of this study is to clarify whether edaravone postconditioning had protective effect against renal ischemia/reperfusion injury and to compare the protective effect between ischemic postconditioning and edaravone postconditioning. Rats were subjected to 45 min ischemia followed by 24 h reperfusion. The rats were randomly assigned to seven groups: a sham-operated control group, an ischemia/reperfusion group, an ischemic postconditioning group, a normal saline vehicle postconditioning group and an edaravone postconditioning (1, 3, and 6 mg x kg(-1)) group. Renal function was assessed by serum creatinine and BUN concentration, while histological damage of renal tissue was assessed with HE staining. MDA content and SOD activity of renal tissue were determined. TUNEL staining was performed to analyze the apoptosis of the tubular epithelial cells, the protein level of Bcl-2 and Bax in renal tissue was examined by Western blotting. Compared to the ischemia/reperfusion group, edaravone postconditioning significantly decreased serum creatinine and BUN concentration, and ameliorated histological damage of renal tissue. MDA was less after 24 h reperfusion in the edaravone postconditioning group than that in the ischemia/reperfusion group, consistent with an increase in SOD activity. In addition, edaravone postconditioning decreased TUNEL-positive cells and Bax expression, and increased Bcl-2 expression. Results detected in the edaravone postconditioning group showed no significant difference from the ischemic postconditioning group. Edaravone administered during the last 3 min of ischemia, prior to reperfusion induces a pharmacological postconditioning in vivo against renal ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats. This protection is similar to that observed with ischemic postconditioning.

Objective To assess the efficacy of the laryngeal mask airway i-gel (LMA i-gel) in patients undergoing neuro-interventional surgery. Methods Forty ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ patients of both sexes, aged 20-60 yr,body mass index ＜ 30 kg/m2, undergoing elective neuro-interventional surgery, were randomized into 2 groups (n = 20 each):LMA i-gel group (group I) and LMA ProSeal group (group P). After induction of anesthesia with TCI of propofol and remifentanil, LMA i-gel and LMA ProSeal were inserted in group I and P respectively. The patients were mechanically ventilated and PETCO2 was maintented at 35-40 mm Hg,SpO2 at 99%-100%. BP and HR were monitored and recorded before induction, immediately after induction, at 1, 3 and 5 min after insertion of LMA and immediately after removal of LMA. The success rate, LMA placement time, leak pressure, peak airway pressure and complications were recorded. Results There was no significant difference in the success rate, the LMA platcement time and peak airway pressure between the two groups (P ＞ 0.05). BP and HR were within the normal range during operation in both groups. The leak pressure and incidence of blood stain and sore throat were significantly lower in group I than in group P (P ＜ 0.05). Conclusion LMA i-gel can provide adequate ventilation during operation with less complications and can be used effectively for neuro-interventional surgery.

Fatal Outcome ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome ; mortality ; therapy