Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune disease caused by the failure of neuromuscular transmission,which is mediated by autoantibodies against acetylcholine receptors.Ocular myasthenia is a form of myasthenia gravis in which weakened eye muscles cause double vision or drooping eyelids.It accounts for approximately 80％ of juvenile myasthenia gravis.This review focuses on the extraocular muscle susceptibility to myasthenia gravis and the management of ocular myasthenia gravis.

Retinal neovascularization ( RNV) is a serious and causing-blindness eye disease in human beings. It occurs in severe eye diseases including diabetic retinopathy age-related tnacular degeneration etc.. In recent years vascular growth factor is the most important factors in controlling retinal endothelium proliferation and retinal neovacularization. Roundabout 4 ( Robo4 also known as Magic Roundabout) is a transmembrane receptor protein. Expression of Robo4 is restricted exclusively to sites of active angiogenesis. It has been recognized that Robo4 can control endothelial cell migration and the sprouting of new blood vessels neutralize signaling through the vascular growth factor and maintain vessel integrity. These findings could lead to new therapeutic target for RNV. The roles of Robo4 in angiogenesis and endothelial cell migration were discussed and basic research in the eye was reviewed.

Objective To explore the effect of dexmedetomidine(DEX)for blood pressure,heart rate(HR) and SpO2 levels during anesthesia inquiry in elderly hypertensive(HBP)patients.Methods 96 cases with HBP accepted surgery were selected,and were randomly divided into the observation group and the control group,each group in 48 cases,The patients in the observation group continuous pumped into the 4μg/mL of DEX during surgery, while the control group continuous pumped into 0.9% sodium chloride solution during surgery.Heart rate(HR),sys-tolic blood pressure(SBP),diastolic blood pressure(DBP),pulse oxygen saturation(SpO2 )of the two groups after room entrance(T0),after DEX infusion(T1),before intubation(T2),after 2min intubation(T3)and 10 min(T4)after intubation were recorded and compared,extubated time,spontaneous breathing recovery time,call time to eye opening and hospitalization time and the incidence of adverse reactions in two groups were recorded.Results The difference of HR SBP,DBP and SpO2 at T0 and T4 between the two groups was not statistically significant(all P >0.05);HR, SBP and DBP were significantly lower in the observation group than those in the control group at T1,T2,T3(all P <0.05).There were no significant changes of SpO2 in the patientˊs after the room entrance;extubated time,spontaneous breathing recovery time,call time to eye opening and hospitalization time in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group(t =8.874,9.073,8.573,all P <0.05).The adverse reactions rate in the observation group was 4.2%,which in the control group was 6.3%,the difference was not statistically significant(P >0.05). Conclusion Continuous pumped DEX has a significant sedative effect in elderly HBP patients during surgery,and does not produce respiratory depression,can help elderly patients with HBP smoothly pass the perioperative period.

The present study retrospectively analyzed 23 patients with ulnar fracture or bone nonunion who received treatment in the Department of Orthopedics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University between August 2001 and December 2008. These patients comprised 16 males, 7 females, and averaged 41.8 years old (range 20-72 years old). Of them, 14 had single ulnar fracture, 6 had monteggia fracture, 19 had fresh fracture, 1 had obsolete fracture, and 3 presented with bone nonunion and plate breakage following ulnar fracture. All patients received interlocking intramedullary nailing. Internal fixation time and the mean time to fracture healing were recorded. The function of nailed forearm was evaluated using Anderson criteria. All 23 patients were followed up in terms of intra- and post-operative complications for a period of 6 months -7.3 years. Following Hertel classification criteria, bone union occurring at a mean of 14.7 weeks was found in 23 patients. No intramedullary nail loosening, fragmentation, or incision infection was observed. Twenty patients had intramedullary nails removed but did not present recurred fracture. According to the Anderson evaluation criteria regarding forearm functions, the results were excellent in 22 patients and satisfactory in 1 patient. These findings indicated that interlocking intramedullary nailing for treatment of ulnar fracture provides less trauma, short recovery period, and low recurrence. For these advantages, it is suitable for treatment of ulnar shaft fracture, multi-segment ulnar fracture, bone defects, bone non-union, and the fractures failed after compression plating; in addition, it is a better choice in treating ulnar fracture in patients with severe soft tissue injury or osteoporosis.

C-arm based surgical navigation is a typical computer assisted surgery technique; it takes XR II images as carriers,and helps surgeons with high quality operation by demonstrate operating entity virtually. In this paper, we focused on some issues concerning C-arm based surgical navigation technique, including the system operation theory, key techniques, consisting parts,main application, advantages and shortcomings. On this basis, we also discussed the development trend of this kind of surgical navigation technique.

Objective To investigate the correlation between interleukin 18 (IL-18) gene promoter -137 G/C polymorphism and plasma levels of IL-18 and cerebral infraction.Methods A total of 218 Han patients with acute cerebral infarction in northern China were recruited and 218 sex- and age-matched health subjects were used as control group. Enzyme-linked irnmunosorbent assay was used to detcet the level of IL-18. Sequence specific primer-polymerase chain reaction was used to detect IL-18 gene promoter - 137 G/C polymorphism. Results The plasma IL-18 levels (1 47. 47 ±29. 79 ng/L vs. 78. 78 ± 16. 42 ng/L; t =29. 816, P ＜0. 01)and the frequency of - 137 GG genotype (79. 8％ vs. 67. 0％;x2 =8. 563, P =0. 032) in the acute cerebral infarction group were significantly higher than those in the control group. The risk of cerebral infarction in individuals with - 137GG genotype was 1.95 times higher than that in individuals without - 137GG genotype (odds ratio 1.95, 95％ confidence interval 1. 263-3. 012,P =0. 002); plasma IL-18 levels in patients with CG genotype were significantly higher than those in patients with CG +CC genotype (150. 00 ±27. 26 ng/L vs. 118. 47 ±21.62 ng/L, t =8. 222, P ＜0. 01). Conclusions The IL-18 gene promoter - 137 G/C polymorphism correlates with cerebral infarction in Han population in north China. The risk of cerebral infarction in individuals with GG genotype is significantly higher, and it may be associated with its influence on plasma level of IL-18.

Pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A),a high-molecular-weight zinc-binding metrix metalloproteinase,is expressed abundantly in the ruptured atherosclerostic plaque. PAPP-A can be used as a novel biological marker of plaque instability and cardiovascular events in patients with acute coronary syndrome. However,the role of PAPP-A in iscbemic stroke remains unclear. This article reviews the value of VAPP-A in predicting the risks of ischemic stroke events.

0.05).Conclusion the new PPI Rabeprazole and Gastric motility Domperidone associated treat NSAIDs-induced diseases of upper digestive tract is a excellent choice for patient,no need stop using NSAIDs.

Rehabilitation treatment after cerebral infarction establishes on the basis of plastic changes in the central nervous system,which can compensate the functions lost in the affected brain regions.Neurorehabilitation training realizes neurological function recovery partly by enhancing cortical reorganization.Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a non-invasive approach that can effectively improve the cortical excitability,This article reviews the application of rTMS in the clinical studies of motor function recovery in patients with hemiplegia after cerebral infarction.

In order to probe into the mechanism of low-dose chemotherapeutic agents in the treatment of leukemia, we studied the effects of low concentrations (l-40ng/ml) of daunorubicin (DNR) on proliferation and differentiation of human promyelocytic leukemia cell line (HL-60). 1 ng/ml DNR could inhibit the proliferation of the cells, but no induction of differentiation was found. DNR at more than 5 ng/ml had both cytotoxicity and induction of differentiation. Through the count of survival cells, [3H]TdR and [3H]UR incorporation, cloning efficiency, cell morphology and NBT reduction test, it is concluded that low-dose DNR could have inhibitory and cytotoxic effects on the cells, and its inducing differentiation was not important.