Humans ; Myocardial Infarction ; complications ; therapy ; Myocardial Reperfusion Injury ; etiology ; therapy

Objective To observe changes of cognitive function and the expression of tumor necrosis factor alpha(TNF-α),interleukin 10(IL-10) in hippocampus of diabetic rats,and assess the role of inflammation in the possible pathogenesis of diabetic encephalopathy (DE).Methods 30 male SD rats were randomly divided into control group and diabetes mellitus group.After 4 weeks of feeding high fat diet,diabetes mellitus group according to 30mg/kg injected with streptozotocin to establish type 2 diabetic rat model.At the end of the experiment,cognition were evaluated using water maze test.The concentration of beta-amyloid(Aβ) in hippocampus of diabetic rats were detected through enzyme linked immunosorbent assay,and the expression of TNF-α,IL-10 were detected by Western blotting.The expression of Aβ,TNF-α,IL-10 were observed through immunohistochemistry.Results Time spent in the target quadrant in diabetes mellitus group was shorter than that in control group ((38.21± 3.68)s vs (42.10±2.62)s,t=3.105,P＜0.01).The frequency of crossing original platform site was less than that in control group((2.62±0.77) vs(3.69±0.95),t=3.184,P＜0.01).Compared with control group the expression of Aβ,TNF-α were higher(BothP＜0.01),and IL-10 were lower(P＜0.01)in diabetes mellitus group.The positive expression of Aβ,TNF-α were obviously and IL-10 were less obviously observed in diabetes mellitus group according to immunohistochemistry.Conclusion The cognitive decline in diabetic rats is possibly related to inflammatory cytokines expressing out of balance.

Objective To explore the pattern of lymph node metastasis in patitsen with squamous cell carcinoma of the thoracic esophagus and its significance in lymphadenectomy.Methods The clinical data of 230 patients who received radical esophagectomy with three-field lymphadenectomy was analyzed.The metastatic sites of lymph nodes were correlated with tumor location by chi-square test.Logistic regression was used to analyze the relationship between clinic pathoingical factors and lymph node metastasis.Results Lymph node metastases were found in 133 of the 230 patients(57.8%).The average number of resected lymph nodes was 25.3? 11.4 per patient(range 11～71).The rates of lymph node metastasis were 41.6%,19.44%and 8.3%in the neck,thoracic medi- astinum and abdominal cavity for patients with upper thoracic esophageal carcinoma,33.3%,34.7%and 14%for patients with mid- die thoracic esophageal carcinoma and 36.4 %,34.1%and 43.2 %for patients with lower thoracic esophageal carcinoma.No signifi- cant difference in cervical or thoracic metastatic rate was observed among upper,middle and lower thoracic carcinoma.The difference in lymph node metastatic rate for nodes in the abdominal cavity was significant among upper,middle and lower thoracic carcinoma. The lower thoracic esophageal cancers were more likely to metastasize to the abdominal cavity.Logistic-regression showed depth of tu- mor invasion and angiolymphatic invasion were factors influencing lymph node metastasis.Conclusion Cervical and mediastinal node dissection should be performed independently from tumor location.Abdominal node dissection should be conducted more vigorously for lower thoracic esophageal cancer than of other locations.Patients with greater tumor grade,depth of tumor invasion and angiolymphatic invasion were more prone to develop lymph node metastasis.

Animals ; Cells, Cultured ; DNA ; analysis ; Flow Cytometry ; methods ; Fluorescence ; G1 Phase ; Resting Phase, Cell Cycle

Objective: To observe the impact of vareniline tartrate on vascular endothelial function and inlfammatory factor releasing in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients with nicotine dependence after smoking withdrawal treatment.
Methods: We recruited the in-hospital ACS patients who were smoking ≥10 cigarettes/day for more than 10 years with at least moderate nicotine dependence, and randomly divided them into 2 groups: Varenicline group, the patients received oral medication for 2 weeks and Self withdrawal group, the patients without medication assistance.n=52 in each group. All patients received (10-30) min daily mission and consulting for quit smoking for 2 weeks. The basic information was recorded and blood levels of NO, IL-6 and ET-1 were compared before and after withdrawal treatment.
Results: Compared with they were before, after 2 weeks withdrawal treatment, in Varenicline group, blood levels of ET-1 decreased as (33.950 ± 1.439) ng/L vs (170.198 ± 12.602) ng/L and IL-6 decreased as (0.103 ± 0.020) ng/L vs (0.307 ± 0.051) ng/L; in Self withdrawal group, ET-1 decreased as (60.795 ±7 .036) ng/L vs (170.511 ± 12.374) ng/L, all P<0.05; while NO levels were similar,P>0.05. After treatment, ET-1 level in Varenicline group (33.950 ± 1.439) ng/L was lower than Self withdrawal group (60.795 ± 7.036) ng/L and IL-6 level in Varenicline group (0.103 ± 0.020) ng/L was also lower than Self withdrawal group (0.258 ± 0.042) ng/L, allP<0.05; while NO levels were similar between 2 groups,P>0.05.
Conclusion: Compared with self withdrawal, varenicline tartrate may effectively inhibit inlfammatory factor releasing in ACS patients with nicotine dependence, and therefore improve the vascular endothelial function.

Objective To investigate the efficacy and clinical effectiveness of the steroid therapy with the all body and local application on hyperthyroid Graves ophthalmopathy.Methods A total of 57 patients (106 eyes)suffering from hyperthyroid Graves ophthalmopathy who hospitalized in the Department of Ophthalmology of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University from Mar 2008 to Oct 2011 were enrolled in the study.Of the 57 patients,there were 21 males and 36 females,aged 18 to 57(average 37.28 ± 11.63).The clinical course was from 1 month to 5 years(average 29.63 ± 15.36 months).Based on the patient's age,sex and condition,the 57 patients were randomly divided into steroid pulse therapy with all body group(group SPT,29 patients,54 eyes)and peribulbar injection of long-term steraid group(group PI,28 patients,52 eyes).The patients in group SPT were treated with 0.5-l.0 g methylprednisolone by intravenous infusion daily for 3 days,and then stopped for 7 days,the treatment was repeated once.But the total application dose of methylprednisolone was not overruned 5.0-20.0 g.After that,the patients were treated with oral prednisone 40 mg/d.The dose of prednisone was reduced gradually to 5 mg/d.The total course of group SPT was 3 months.The patients in the group PI were treated with triamcinolone acetonide in periorbital injection of 20 mg once every two weeks for 3 months.After one month treated,all patients were visited.The patients' body weights of two groups were measured before the treatment and after one month treated.The ocular signs of the patients including visual acuity,diplopia,intraocular pressure,exophthalmos and horizontal visual palpebral fissure width were observed before and after the treatment.Results In the group SPT,the average body weight [(62.83 ± 7.23)kg]after the treatment was higher than that before the treatment[(57.03 ±7.13)kg],and also higher than that of the group PI[(59.89 ± 10.67)kg,t =25.25,2.08,all P＜ 0.05]after the treatment.In the group SPT,the average intraocular pressures before and after the treatment were (13.46 ± 1.78)and (13.69 ± 1.41)mm Hg(1 nm Hg =0.133 kPa),respectively.In the group PI,the average intraocular pressures before and after the treatment were (13.52 ± 2.19) and (13.77 ± 2.03)mm Hg,respectively.There was no significant differences before and after the treatment in both gr0ups(P＞ 0.05).In the group SPT and PI,the average exophthalmos after the treatment[(18.63 ± 2.22) and (14.85 ± 2.61)mm]were lower than those before the treatment[(20.78 ± 2.24) and (20.60 ± 2.81)mm,t =9.97,29.68,all P＜ 0.05],respectively.After the treatment,the average exophthalmos in the group PI was significantly lower than that of the group SPT(t =7.79,P＜ 0.05).In the groups SPT and PI,the average averagepalpebral fissure width after the treatment[(15.00 ± 1.80) and (11.65 ± 2.45)mm]were lower than those before the treatment[(17.22 ± 1.89) and (17.44 ± 2.37)mm,t =22.74,91.24,all P ＜ 0.05].After treatment of the group PI,the average exophthalmos was significantly lower than that of the group SPT(t =8.01,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Compared with the steroid pulse therapy with all body,the peribullbar application of long-term hormone for hyperthyroid Graves ophthalmopathy is more effective,with lcss side effects and worthy of promotion.

Small interfering RNA (siRNA) is the initiator of RNA interference and inhibits gene expression by targeted degradation of specific messenger RNA. siRNA-mediated gene regulation has high efficiency and specificity and exhibits great significance in the treatment of diseases. However, the naked or unmodified siRNA has poor stability, easy to degrade by nuclease, short half-life, and low intracellular delivery. As an emerging non-viral nucleic acid delivery system, ionizable lipid nanoparticles play an important role in improving the druggability of siRNA. At present, one siRNA drug based on ionizable lipid nanoparticles has been approved for the treatment of rare disease. This review introduces the research progress in ionizable lipid nanoparticles for siRNA delivery, focusing on the effect of each component of lipid nanoparticles on the efficiency of siRNA-mediated gene silencing, which provides new references for the studies on ionizable lipid nanocarriers for siRNA delivery.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the efficacy and safety of etanercept plus Tripterygium wilfordii polyglycoside (TWP) in elderly patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

METHODSTotally 46 elderly patients with active RA were randomly assigned to the treatment group (22 cases) and the control group (24 cases). All patients received subcutaneous injection of etanercept, 25 mg each time, twice per week. The dosage was reduced to once per week 3 months later. Patients in the treatment group took TWP Tablet (10 mg each time, three times per day), while those in the control group took methotrexate (MTX), 10 mg each time, once per week. The whole course lasted for 24 weeks. Patients' rest pain, tender joint number, swollen joint number, health assessment questionnaire (HAQ), patients' global assessment, physicians' global assessment, erythrocyte sediment rate (ESR), C reactive protein (CRP), rheumatic factor were assessed at week 0, 4, 8, 12, and 24. The curative effect was statistically evaluated by the United States Institute of Rheumatology ACR20, ACR50, and ACR70 improvement criteria. Meanwhile, any adverse event was recorded and evaluated.

RESULTSTotally 41 completed the trial, and 5 dropped off (3 in the treatment group and 2 in the control group). Compared with the control group, there was no statistical difference in ACR20, ACR50, or ACR70 in the treatment group (P > 0.05). Compared with before treatment in the same group, there was some improvement in tender joint number, swollen joint number, visual analogue scale (VAS) for patients' global assessment, VAS for physicians' global assessment, ESR, CRP, and HAQ between the two groups, showing statistical difference (P < 0.05). Compared with the control group in the same phase, there was no statistical difference in the treatment group (P > 0.05). There was no statistical difference in the occurrence of adverse events between the two groups.

CONCLUSIONSEtanercept plus TWP could achieve equivalent therapeutic effect to that of Etanercept plus MTX. The two regimens could improve clinical signs, symptoms, and QOL related to RA. They were well tolerated in the treatment of elderly patients with active RA.

Aged ; Antirheumatic Agents ; therapeutic use ; Arthritis, Rheumatoid ; drug therapy ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Etanercept ; Female ; Glycosides ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin G ; therapeutic use ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor ; therapeutic use ; Treatment Outcome ; Tripterygium ; chemistry

AIMTo study the effects of TNF receptor blocking peptide on adjuvant arthritis in rats.

METHODSThe model of rat adjuvant arthritis was induced by injection of complete Freund's adjuvant. The TNF receptor blocking peptide was injected locally in the ankle. The ankle swelling, the pathologic changes in the ankle joint and the expression of IL-1 beta mRNA and TNF-alpha mRNA by peritoneal macrophages (RT-PCR) were observed.

RESULTSThe model of rat adjuvant arthritis induced by injection of complete Freund's adjuvant was similar to human rheumatoid arthritis. The treatment with TNF receptor blocking peptide for 10 days resulted in complete inhibition of joint swelling, a decrease in infiltration of inflammatory cell into joint tissue, an obvious alleviation of inflammatory pathological damages and an apparent decline of TNF-alpha mRNA and IL-1 beta mRNA of peritoneal macrophages of rats.

CONCLUSIONThe TNF receptor blocking peptide can protect the joint from inflammatory damage induced by adjuvant arthritis by suppression of TNF-alpha and IL-1 production, thereby alleviating the pathological injury of joint and controlling effectively the clinic course of arthritis.

Animals ; Ankle Joint ; pathology ; Arthritis, Experimental ; immunology ; pathology ; Interleukin-1 ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Macrophages, Peritoneal ; metabolism ; Male ; Peptides ; pharmacology ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor ; antagonists & inhibitors ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; biosynthesis ; genetics

Actins ; metabolism ; Angiomyolipoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Desmin ; metabolism ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Perivascular Epithelioid Cell Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; S100 Proteins ; metabolism ; Skin Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery