Biochemistry is one of the important basic courses for medical speciality.This article discussed the four aspects of how to improve the quality of biochemistry instruction,such as strengthening young teachers'sense of responsibility in teaching,and building up their professional knowledge training and so on.To young teachers,this paper may be useful for improving the quality of medical biochemistry teaching.

Objective:This study aimed to investigate the role of mitochondrial fusion protein 2 (Mfn2) in chronic renal injury caused by cyclosporine A (CSA) and the possible mechanism.Methods:The model of chronic CSA nephropathy was established in rats. The rats were divided into solvent control group, CSA model group and normal control group. Serum creatinine and urinary protein levels were detected. The tubulointerstitial injury was observed by light microscopy. The changes of mitochondrial structure were observed by electron microscope, and the expression of Mfn2 was detected by Western blot.Results:The levels of serum creatinine and urinary protein in CSA model group at 2 and 4 weeks were significantly higher than those in control group and solvent group ( P<0.05). In CSA model group, tubulointerstitial injury was obvious, mitochondria swelling and deformation were found in tubular epithelial cells, and ridge disappeared. Compared with normal control group and solvent control group, the expression of Mfn2 in CSA model group was significantly decreased at 2 and 4 weeks ( P<0.05), and the expression of Mfn2 in CSA model group at 4 weeks was further decreased compared with 2 weeks ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Mfn2 may play an important role in the injury of tubular epithelial cells caused by cyclosporine.

Climacteric ; Depression ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Phytotherapy ; Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders ; Syndrome

Disorders of sex development(DSD) include anomalies of sex chromosomes,gonads,reproductive ducts,and genitalia.Here,the term "intersex" is avoided because of its imprecision.The purpose of this review is to assist health care professionals in the provision of treatment,education,and support to children born with DSD and to their families.The goal of DSD treatment is to achieve the long-term physical,psychological,and sexual well-being of the patients.In the case of DSD it involves several principles.Providing medical and surgical care to deal with a complication that threatens to the patient's physical well-being;minimizing the potential for the patient and family to feel ashamed,stigmatized,or overly obsessed with genital appearance;delaying elective surgical and hormonal treatments until the patient can actively participate in decision-making;telling the truth to the family and the child and addressing psychosocial distress of the children and their parents.This approach is termed as "patient-centered".

BACKGROUND: Because the continuity and integrity of the trachea are likely damaged to some extent after tracheostomy, the implementation of sequential ventilation has certain difficulties, and sequential invasive-noninvasive ventilation on patients after tracheostomy is less common in practice. The present study aimed to investigate the feasibility of invasive-noninvasive sequential weaning strategy in patients after tracheostomy. METHODS: Fifty patients including 24 patients with withdrawal of mechanical ventilation (conventional group) and 26 patients with sequential invasive-noninvasive weaning by directly plugging of tracheostomy (sequential group) were analyzed retrospectively after appearance of pulmonary infection control (PIC) window. The analysis of arterial blood gases, ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) incidence, the total duration of mechanical ventilation, the success rate of weaning and total cost of hospitalization were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: Arterial blood gas analysis showed that the sequential weaning group was better than the conventional weaning group 1 and 24 hours after invasive ventilation. The VAP incidence was lowered, the duration of mechanical ventilation shortened, the success rate of weaning increased, and the total cost of hospitalization decreased. CONCLUSION: Sequential invasive-noninvasive ventilator weaning is feasible in patients after tracheostomy.

Objective To study the role the pathogenesis of early acute lung injury (ALI) of rabbits induced by intravascular injection of endotoxin (ET) with the intervening method of Chloroquine. Methods Rabbits were randomly assigned to three groups: control group, ET group, and ET+ chloroquine group. Acute lung injury was induced by intravascular injection of ET (500μg/kg). The arterial gas analyses, leucocyte and platelet counts in peripheral blood, PLA2 activity both in serum and lung tissue, lipid peroxide (LPO) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in lung tissue were measured. Electron microscope and light microscope were used to observe the pathological injuries in pulmonary tissue. The protective effects of chloroquine in early ALI were evaluated. Results Compared with saline controls, rabbits treated with ET displayed the early lung injuries, such as the decrease of PaO2 (P＜0.05), the decrease of leucocytes and platelets in peripheral blood, the leukocytes sequestration in lung tissue. The PLA2 activity significantly increased in ET group compared with control group and chloroquine group both in serum and pulmonary tissue. In ET group, concentration of LPO increased in lung tissue (P＜0.05), while concentration of SOD decreased (P＜0.05). Severe histopathological injuries were presented in ET group, including pulmonary edema, lung tissue haemorrhage, inflammatory cells infiltration, asphyxial membrand formation, partial pulmonary closure and emphysema.Ultrastructural changes showed both type Ⅰ and type Ⅱ epithelial cells injury in ET group, the edema of endothelial cells, interalveolar septum thickening. In chloroquine group, PaO2 didn't decrease, PLA2 activities in serum and pulmonary tissue were lower than ET group (P＜0.05, P＜0.05), while the concentration of LPO in lung tissue decreased (P＜0.01) and SOD increased significantly (P＜0.01). Pathological examination showed slight pulmonary edema, inflammatory cells infiltration were extenuated, ultrastructural examination proved that the injuries were alleviated by chloroquine compared with ET group. Conclusion Intravascular injection of ET could successfully induce the early ALI models in rabbits. Chloroquine could inhibit the PLA2 activation and reduce the oxidative injury in lung tissue. The experiment result demonstrated PLA2 activation and oxidative stress played important roles in the pathophysiological process of early ET-induced ALI in rabbits.

Wheezing is the most common respiratory disease in children.In recent years,the incidence of childhood wheezing showed an upward trend,the hot topic in the current study is how to draw up a rational and effective treatment to reduce wheezing.This paper summarized the latest research progress of pathogenic factors,clinical classifi-cation,pathogenesis and prevention strategies in childhood wheezing.It aimed to provide a theoretical basis for early diagnosis and individual treatment for children with wheezing diseases.

The process of tumorigenesis,local invasion and distant metastasis will produce a series of molecular changes,these genetic mutation or abnormal expression of molecules play a promoting role in hypercoagulation.At the same time,hypercoagulation also increases the risk of tumor progression.It is important to understand their specific processes and the molecular role,and it can provide theoretical basis for better management of patients,and has significance for developing more effective and security new anti-clotting drugs.

Objective To establish an HPLC method for the determination of artesunate in artesunate and amodiaquine hydrochloride tablets. Methods WondaSil C18-WR column was used with mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile:phosphoric acid aqueous solution(adjust pH to 3,gradient elution);wavelength was 210 nm; flow rate was 1 mL/min and the column temperature was 30℃.Results The standard curve was linear in the range of 0.2~3.2 mg/mL(r=0.9997), average recoveries were 99.0%(RSD=1.35%, n=6).Conclusion The method is accurate and sensitive, and it can be used to control the quality of artesunate and amodiaquine hydrochloride tablets.