Objective To search for the CT and MRI morphological changes in the child patients with cerebral palsy. Method The CT scranning and MRI were carried out in 150 child patients with cerebral palsy, andthe results were analysed. Results In 150 cases, 97 cases (54.6 per cent) have abnormal findings of CT scranning. Diffuse ence-phalatrophy (42 cases), encephalomalacia focus (24 cases) porencephaly (9 cases), and localized ence-phalatrophy (7 cases) ect are the common CT morphological changes in the patients with cerebral palsy.In the 53 patients with normal findings of CT scranning, MRI was carried out for 30 cases and 25 cases(83.3 per cent) were abnormal. The delayed myelinogeny of white matter of brain is the main MRI mor-phalogical abnormality. Conclusion CT scranning and MRI have important value on the etiological diagnosis for child patientswith cerebral palsy. The combination of them can improve the diagnostic accordance rate.

Osteoblasts are the most important mechanoreceptive and osteogenic cells.The loss of bone in microgravity is mainly due to the dysfunction of osteoblasts.Research on osteoblast cytology under simulated weightlessness has made great progress in recent years.Current experiments are focusing on the changes in the cellular proliferation,differentiation,apoptosis, function and signal transduction in osteoblasts.This paper reviews the progress of the studies in this field.

Adult ; Antigens, CD1 ; metabolism ; Female ; Histiocytosis, Langerhans-Cell ; complications ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Humans ; Mediastinoscopy ; Myasthenia Gravis ; complications ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; S100 Proteins ; metabolism ; Thymus Gland ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery

Cardiovascular Diseases ; Humans ; MicroRNAs

Objective By analyzing domestic and foreign papers on plague research with bibliometrics and visualized methods, we explored the current situation research trends and cutting-edge dynamics in order to provide information sup-port for plague research as well as strategies for countering bioterrorism.Methods Based on data sources from SCI and CNKI databases, bibliometrics and visualized methods were adopted,including Pajek,VOSviewer, Bibexcel and Citespace, so as to show the major cutting-edge areas of plague research.Results Comprehensive research analysis showed that the USA is leading in plague research, with some strong related institutions.There is still a gap between China and international community for research.Academy of Military Medical Sciences and other institutions are our main plague research efforts. Conclusion We should strengthen plague research, improve our overall level of plague research to provide the necessary support for effective response to natural epidemics and potential bioterrorism incidents.

Objective To evaluate the values of contrast-enhanced ultrasound in diagnosis of cystic renal cell carcino-ma. Methods A total of 73 patients with renal cystic lesions were included in this study. The image features of ultrasound and contrast-enhanced ultrasound examination were analysed. All of patients underwent surgical treatment and had patholog-ical results. The diagnostic values of the ultrasound and contrast-enhanced ultrasound were analyzed by evaluating the im-age features of cystic renal cell carcinoma. Results There were 64 cases of cystic renal cell carcinoma, 9 cases of benign cyst. With ultrasound and color doppler ultrasound,irregular shape, thickness wall, solid ingredients, divisions and more blood flow signals were found in cystic renal cell carcinoma. Renal cyst showed regular shape, few solid component and thin separation and inconspicuous blood flow signals. In contrast-enhanced ultrasound, cystic renal cancer contrast agent appear-ing time was (15.13±4.21)s, and reached the peak time (23.42±5.68)s, fade time was (28.42±4.27)s. The enhanced mode for fast in and fast out was found in 22 cases (34.3%), fast in and slow out in 30 cases (46.8%), slow in and fast out in 2 cases (3.2%), slow in and slow out in 4 cases (6.4%), and synchronously in and out in 6 cases (9.3%). The hyper-enhancement was found in 42 cases (65.6%), the iso-enhancement and hypo-enhancement in 22 cases (34.4%). In renal cyst, There were three cases out of contrast filling. In other 6 cases, the contrast agent appearing time was (16.67±2.73)s, the peak time was (25.83±3.06)s and fade time was (34.17±4.26)s. The enhanced mode for fast in and fast out was found in 1 case (16.7%), fast in and slow out in 1 case (16.7%) and synchronously in and out in 4 cases (66.6%). The hyper-enhancement was found in 2 cases (33.3%), the iso-enhancement and hypo-enhancement in 4 cases (66.7%). The sensitivity, specificity, positive predic-tive value, negative predictive value and accuracy of ultrasound were 85.9%, 66.7%, 94.8%, 40.0%and 83.6%. The sensitiv-ity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy of contrast-enhanced ultrasound were 92.2%, 77.8%, 96.7%, 58.3%and 90.4%. Conclusion Contrast-enhanced ultrasound can be used in benign and malignan-cy identification of renal cystic lesion.

Objective To investigate the value of contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) in the diagnosis of small renal cell carcinoma (SRCC) and renal angiomyolipoma (AML) with minimal fat.Methods The images and data of conventional ultrasound (US) and CEUS were retrospectively reviewed in 47 cases of small renal cell carcinoma and 8 cases of AML with minimal fat (d ＜ 30mm),which were confirmed by operation and pathologicall study,including 39 males and 16 females.The mean age of the patients was (54.8 ± 9.8) years old,ranged from 31 to 73 years old.The size,echo,boundary and color flow signals of renal lesions were observed by conventional US.Then the modality and phases of enhancement were observed,including the arrival time,the peak time,the washout time and the appearance of internal structures.Results On contrast-enhanced sonography,fast wash-in and wash-off were observed in most of SRCC,while slow wash-off were observed in most of RAML with minimal fat.The statistically significant differences were found between SRCC and RAML with minimal fat in the values of TFP (time a to peak) and PI (peak-intensity).The occurrence of round pseudo-capsule and contrast-enhancement characteristics in SRCC was far more often than RAML with minimal fat.Conclusions Contrast-enhanced sonography combined with time-intensity analysis provides more useful information for the diagnosis of SRCC and AML with minimal fat.

To further analyze immunoglobulin (Ig) properties of panel reactive antibodies (PRA) and their potential harmful effects on allogeneic renal transplants. Methods Since dithiothreitol (DTT) is able to crack disulphuric bond of Ig and to depoly-merize IgM with heavy molecular weight, PRA study was performed with treatment of DTT. Thus, a DTT-ERA method was established, which can identify immunoglobulin class in sera of high PRA patients. Results Among 701 recipients, whose sera were positive by the standard PRA, the positive rate of DTT-PRA was 33.2% . Besides, positive PRA patients could be divided into three groups according to their sera's sensitivity to DTT: Group 1 consisted of patients whose sera contained exclusively IgM antibodies; Group 2 consisted of patients whose sera contained of IgG antibodies only; Group 3 consisted of patients whose sera were found to contain both IgM class antibodies and IgG antibodies. Conclusion IgM class antibodies are not associated with posttrans-plant rejection, while IgG antibodies alone and mixture of IgG and IgM antibodies may mediate acute, or even hyperacute rejection.

Objective The purpose of this study was to evaluate the value of contrast-enhanced ultrasound in diagnosis of renal cell carcinoma subtyping.Methods 206 cases with renal tumors were confirmed by pathology and surgery from June 2012 to June 2014,including 113 male cases and 93 female cases.The mean age was 54 years (range 23-80 years).The subtype of renal tumor included clear cell carcinoma in 147 cases,papillary cell carcinoma in 32 cases,chromophobe cell carcinoma in 27 cases.All patients were received the CEUS before operation.The enhancement patterns,degree of enhancement,the appearance of necrosis and the time-intensity curve by contrast-enhanced ultrasound were analyzed.Results Enhancement patterns of CEUS were showed by fast in and fast out in 63.9％ (94/147)cases with clear cell carcinoma,59.4％ (19/32) cases with papillary cell carcinoma,51.9％ (14/27) cases with chromophobe cell carcinoma.Statistical significant diference was shown among those subtype groups (P ＜ 0.05).Most of the clear cell carcinomas (127/147,86.4％) showed hyperenhancing.While,the papillary renal cell carcinoma (22/32,68.8％) and chromophobe cell carcinoma (15/27,55.6％) showed hypoenhancing (P ＜ 0.05).The rate of necrosis in clear renal cell carcinoma was 62.6％ (92/147),and 59.4％ (19/32) in papillary cell carcinoma.necrosis area accounted for only 18.5％ (5/27)in chromophobe cell carcinoma (P ＜ 0.05).In the time-intensity curve analysis,the initial time,the average arrival time,the time to peak and area under the curve in renal cortex was (11.06 ± 2.75) s,(23.42 ± 2.79) s,(27.47 ± 3.02) dB,(35.01 ± 2.94)dB,respectively.Significant differences in those items were found in clear cell carcinoma,which was(8.01 ± 1.89) s,(20.05 ± 3.01) s,(30.03 ± 2.98) dB,(37.64 ± 4.01) dB respectively,compared with those in cortex (P ＜ 0.05).The arrival time,time to peak,peak intensity and area under the curve in papillary cell carcinoma were (1 1.12 ± 2.43) s,(27.29 ± 3.54) s,(20.13 ± 2.67) dB,(34.67 ±3.24) dB,respectively.The curve showed the time to peak was higher and the peak intensity were lower than those of renal cortex (P ＜0.05).The arrival time,time to peak,peak intensity and area under the curve in chromophobe cell carcinoma were (11.32 ± 2.90) s,(22.21 ± 3.62) s,(22.02 ± 2.52) dB,(28.67 ± 3.65) dB,respectively.The curve demonstrated peak intensity and area under the curve were lower than those of surrounding renal cortex (P ＜ 0.05).The increase of tumor diameter after contrast-enhanced ultrasound in clear cell carcinoma was about (0.35 ± 0.11)cm and in nonclear cell carcinoma was about (0.23 ± 0.10) cm (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The contrast-enhanced ultrasound played an important role in diagnosis and subtype renal cell carcinoma.

Objective To explore the applied value of thyroid imaging reporting and data system (TI-RADS) strati?fication in diagnosing thyroid nodules in patients with different ages.Methods A total of 527 patients with thyroid nod?ules (aged 26-65) were divided into four groups:aged 26-35 group, aged 36-45 group, aged 46-55 group and aged 56-65 group. TI-RADS was used to evaluate patients in four groups. The results of TI-RADS were compared with the pathologic di?agnostic analysis. Results For the low aged groups (aged 26-35 group and aged 36-45 group), the positive predictive val?ue, the negative predictive value and accuracy rate were more than 90%. With regard to the patients aged 46-55, the positive and negative predictive values and accuracy rate were 81.5%, 87.5%, and 81.9%, respectively. The positive and negative predictive values, accuracy rate were 76.6%,88.8%and 77.9%for patients aged 56-65 group. The diagnostic rate of TI-RADS in patients with thyroid lesions was lower in aged 56-65 group than that of other groups. Conclusion TI-RADS method is affected by age. The diagnostic rate is lower in the high age group than that of the low age group.