BACKGROUND:In recent years,numerous studies have shown that autophagy and mitophagy play an important role in the regulation of bone metabolism.Under non-physiological conditions,mitophagy breaks the balance of bone metabolism and triggers metabolism disorders,which affect osteoblasts,osteoclasts,osteocytes,chondrocytes,bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells,etc. OBJECTIVE:To summarize the mechanism of mitophagy in regulating bone metabolic diseases and its application in clinical treatment. METHODS:PubMed,Web of Science,CNKI,WanFang and VIP databases were searched by computer using the keywords of"mitophagy,bone metabolism,osteoblasts,osteoclasts,osteocytes,chondrocytes,bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells"in English and Chinese.The search time was from 2008 to 2023.According to the inclusion criteria,90 articles were finally included for review and analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Mitophagy promotes the generation of osteoblasts through SIRT1,PINK1/Parkin,FOXO3 and PI3K signaling pathways,while inhibiting osteoclast function through PINK1/Parkin and SIRT1 signaling pathways.Mitophagy leads to bone loss by increasing calcium phosphate particles and tissue protein kinase K in bone tissue.Mitophagy improves the function of chondrocytes through PINK1/Parkin,PI3K/AKT/mTOR and AMPK signaling pathways.Modulation of mitophagy shows great potential in the treatment of bone diseases,but there are still some issues to be further explored,such as different stages of drug-activated mitophagy,and the regulatory mechanisms of different signaling pathways.

BACKGROUND: Temozolomide (TMZ) resistance is a significant challenge in treating glioblastoma (GBM). Collagen remodeling has been shown to be a critical factor for therapy resistance in other cancers. This study aimed to investigate the mechanism of TMZ chemoresistance by GBM cells reprogramming collagens. METHODS: Key extracellular matrix components, including collagens, were examined in paired primary and recurrent GBM samples as well as in TMZ-treated spontaneous and grafted GBM murine models. Human GBM cell lines (U251, TS667) and mouse primary GBM cells were used for in vitro studies. RNA-sequencing analysis, chromatin immunoprecipitation, immunoprecipitation-mass spectrometry, and co-immunoprecipitation assays were conducted to explore the mechanisms involved in collagen accumulation. A series of in vitro and in vivo experiments were designed to assess the role of the collagen regulators prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit alpha 1 (P4HA1) and yes-associated protein (YAP) in sensitizing GBM cells to TMZ. RESULTS: This study revealed that TMZ exposure significantly elevated collagen type I (COL I) expression in both GBM patients and murine models. Collagen accumulation sustained GBM cell survival under TMZ-induced stress, contributing to enhanced TMZ resistance. Mechanistically, P4HA1 directly binded to and hydroxylated YAP, preventing ubiquitination-mediated YAP degradation. Stabilized YAP robustly drove collagen type I alpha 1 ( COL1A1) transcription, leading to increased collagen deposition. Disruption of the P4HA1-YAP axis effectively reduced COL I deposition, sensitized GBM cells to TMZ, and significantly improved mouse survival. CONCLUSION P4HA1 maintained YAP-mediated COL1A1 transcription, leading to collagen accumulation and promoting chemoresistance in GBM.
Temozolomide ; Humans ; Glioblastoma/drug therapy* ; Animals ; Mice ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics* ; YAP-Signaling Proteins ; Hydroxylation ; Dacarbazine/pharmacology* ; Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/metabolism* ; Transcription Factors/metabolism* ; Collagen/biosynthesis* ; Collagen Type I/metabolism* ; Prolyl Hydroxylases/metabolism* ; Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating/therapeutic use*

Abelmoschi Corolla, the dried corolla of Abelmoschus manihot, has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-fibrosis activities. Its chemical constituents mainly include flavonoids, organic acids, steroids, and polysaccharides. This study reviewed the research progress in the chemical constituents and pharmacological activities of Abelmoschi Corolla in recent 20 years. According to the concept of quality marker(Q-marker), the Q-markers of Abelmoschi Corolla were predicted from plant phylogeny, chemical constituent specificity, traditional efficacy, chemical constituent measurability, and absorbed constituents. The primary Q-markers for Abelmoschi Corolla were anticipated to include quercetin-3'-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, gossypetin-8-O-β-D-glucuronide, isoquercetin, myricetin,quercetin, and hyperoside, with the aim of providing reference data for improving the quality evaluation system of Abelmoschi Corolla.
Abelmoschus/chemistry* ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology* ; Flowers/chemistry* ; Humans ; Animals ; Quality Control ; Flavonoids/chemistry*

This study employed the "disease-medicine-dose" pattern to mine the medication rules of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) prescriptions containing Astragali Radix in ancient Chinese medical books, aiming to provide a scientific basis for the clinical application of Astragali Radix and the development of new medicines. The TCM prescriptions containing Astragali Radix were retrieved from databases such as Chinese Medical Dictionary and imported into Excel 2020 to construct the prescription library. Statical analysis were performed for the prescriptions regarding the indications, syndromes, medicine use frequency, herb effects, nature and taste, meridian tropism, dosage forms, and dose. SPSS statistics 26.0 and IBM SPSS Modeler 18.0 were used for association rules analysis and cluster analysis. A total of 2 297 prescriptions containing Astragali Radix were collected, involving 233 indications, among which sore and ulcer, consumptive disease, sweating disorder, and apoplexy had high frequency(>25), and their syndromes were mainly Qi and blood deficiency, Qi and blood deficiency, Yin and Yang deficiency, and Qi deficiency and collateral obstruction, respectively. In the prescriptions, 98 medicines were used with the frequency >25 and they mainly included Qi-tonifying medicines and blood-tonifying medicines. Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, Angelicae Sinensis Radix, Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma, Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma, and Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium were frequently used. The medicines with high frequency mainly have warm or cold nature, and sweet, pungent, or bitter taste, with tropism to spleen, lung, heart, liver, and kidney meridians. In the treatment of sore and ulcer, Astragali Radix was mainly used with the dose of 3.73 g and combined with Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma to promote granulation and heal up sores. In the treatment of consumptive disease, Astragali Radix was mainly used with the dose of 37.30 g and combined with Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma to tonify deficiency and replenish Qi. In the treatment of sweating disorder, Astragali Radix was mainly used with the dose of 3.73 g and combined with Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma to consolidate exterior and stop sweating. In the treatment of apoplexy, Astragali Radix was mainly used with the dose of 7.46 g and combined with Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma to dispell wind and stop convulsions. Astragali Radix can be used in the treatment of multiple system diseases, with the effects of tonifying Qi and ascending Yang, consolidating exterior and stopping sweating, and expressing toxin and promoting granulation. According to the manifestations of different diseases, when combined with other medicines, Astragali Radix was endowed with the effects of promoting granulation and healing up sores, tonifying deficiency and Qi, consolidating exterior and stopping sweating, and dispelling wind and replenishing Qi. The findings provide a theoretical reference and a scientific basis for the clinical application of Astragali Radix and the development of new medicines.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal/history* ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional/history* ; History, Ancient ; Astragalus Plant/chemistry* ; China ; Astragalus propinquus

Medicinal plant underground diseases, typified by root rot, directly result in a significant reduction in both the yield and quality of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) because of its hidden occurrence and difficulty in prevention and control. Prevention and control measures depending on chemical pesticides bring potential risks to the safety of TCM and easily cause environmental pollution. The introduction of the new version of Good Agricultural Practice for Chinese Crude Drugs(GAP) and the enhancement of pesticide residue limit standards for TCM and decoction pieces in Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2025 edition) have elevated the requirements for green and efficient disease prevention and control technologies of TCM. This paper provided a comprehensive overview of the advancements over the past two decades in the diversity of pathogens, characteristics and hazards associated with disease occurrence, the main prevention and control agents currently registered, and the prevention and control techniques for TCM root rot. In light of the environmental backdrop of global climate change and the increasing frequency of disastrous climates, coupled with the challenges encountered in root rot prevention and control amidst the new paradigm of large-scale and standardized cultivation of TCM, the paper proposed the key direction of basic research and the application strategy for new technologies that integrate "early prevention and control-soil health-digital monitoring", including precise pathogen identification and early disease diagnosis, exploration of host disease resistance mechanisms and disease-resistant breeding, field soil health and ecological regulation, monitoring of fungicide resistance and rational pesticide use, as well as the integration of digital technology and intelligent plant protection. The ultimate goal is to advance the application of green plant protection technology in TCM, thereby providing robust scientific and technological support to ensure the healthy and sustainable development of the TCM agriculture sector.
Plant Diseases/microbiology* ; Plant Roots/microbiology* ; Plants, Medicinal/growth & development* ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional

OBJECTIVE: To compare the short-term clinical efficacy and safety of closed reduction with Kirschner wire fixation versus open reduction with plate fixation for treating osteoporotic Colles' fractures in middle-aged and elderly patients. METHODS: Between January 2018 and January 2023, 119 patients with Colles fractures were retrospectively analyzed, including 39 males and 80 females, aged from 48 to 74 years old with an average of(60.58±6.71) years old. The time from injury to operation ranged 1 to 13 days with an average of (5.29±2.52) days. According to the surgical method, they were divided into Kirschner wire fixation group (Kirschner wire group) and plate internal fixation group (plate group). In Kirschner wire group, there were a total of 68 patients, comprising 21 males and 47 females. The average age was (61.15±6.24) years old, ranged from 49 to 74 years old. Among them, 41 cases involved the left side while 27 cases involved the right side. In the plate group, there were a total of 51 patients, including 18 males and 33 females. The average age was (59.78±5.71) years old ranged from 48 to 72 years old. Among them, there were 31 cases on the left side and 20 cases on the right side. The following parameters were recorded before and after the operation:operation time, intraoperative blood loss, hospitalization days, hospitalization expenses, postoperative complications, and radiographic parameters of distal radius (distal radius height, ulnar deviation angle, palmar tilt angle). The clinical efficacy was evaluated at 3 and 12 months after the operation using Gartland-Werley and disabilites of the arm shoulder and hand (DASH) scores. RESULTS: The patients in both groups were followed up for a duration from 12 to 19 months with an average of(13.32±2.02) months. The Kirschner wire group exhibited significantly shorter operation time compared to the plate group 27.91(13.00, 42.00) min vs 67.52(29.72, 105.32) min, Z=-8.74, P=0.00. Intraoperative blood loss was also significantly lower in the Kirschner wire group than in the plate group 3.24(1.08, 5.40) ml vs 21.91(17.38, 26.44) ml, Z=-9.31, P=0.00. Furthermore, patients in the Kirschner wire group had a shorter length of hospital stay compared to those in the plate group (8.38±2.63) days vs (11.40±2.78) days, t=-3.12, P=0.00. Additionally, hospitalization cost was significantly lower in the Kirschner wire group than in the plate group 10 111.29(6 738.98, 13 483.60) yuan vs 15 871.11(11 690.40, 20 051.82) yuan, Z=-5.62, P=0.00. The incidence of complications was 2 cases in the Kirschner wire group and 1 case in the plate group, with no statistically significant difference(P>0.05). At 3 months postoprative, the radial height of the Kirschner wire group was found to be significantly smaller than that of the plate group, with measurements of (11.45±1.69) mm and (12.11±1.78) mm respectively (t=-2.06, P=0.04). However, there were no statistically significant differences observed in ulnar deviation angle and palmar tilt angle between the two groups (P>0.05). The DASH score and Gartland-Werley score in the Kirschner group were significantly higher than those in the plate group at 3 months post-operation (19.10±9.89) vs (13.47±3.51), t=4.34, P=0.00;(11.15±3.61) vs (6.41±2.75), t=8.13, P=0.00). However, there was no significant difference between the two groups at 12 months post-operation (P>0.05). CONCLUSION Compared to plate internal fixation, closed reduction with Kirschner wire support fixation yields a slightly inferior recovery of radial height;however, there is no significant disparity in the functional score of the affected limb at 12 months post-operation. Nonetheless, this technique offers advantages such as shorter operation time, reduced intraoperative blood loss, decreased hospitalization duration, and lower cost.
Humans ; Female ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Aged ; Fracture Fixation, Internal/instrumentation* ; Bone Wires ; Bone Plates ; Retrospective Studies ; Colles' Fracture/surgery* ; Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures/methods* ; Open Fracture Reduction/methods* ; Osteoporotic Fractures/surgery*

OBJECTIVE: To explore the therapeutic effect of polygonum cuspidatum glycoside on steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head(SONFH) in rats and its potential mechanism of protecting bone tissue by regulating the Janus kinase 2/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 signaling pathway(JAK2/STAT3). METHODS: Fifty male SD rats were randomly divided into control group, model group, low-dose polygonum cuspidatum glycoside group (polygonum cuspidatum glycoside-L), high-dose polygonum cuspidatum glycoside group (polygonum cuspidatum glycoside-H), and polygonum cuspidatum glycoside-H+Colivelin (JAK2/STAT3 pathway activator) group. SONFH model was induced by lipopolysaccharide and dexamethasone. The treatment groups were given polygonum cuspidatum glycoside orally(polygonum cuspidatum glycoside-L 10 mg·kg^-1, polygonum cuspidatum glycoside-H 20 mg·kg^-1, and the polygonum cuspidatum glycoside-H+Colivelin group was injected with Colivelin (1 mg·kg^-1) intraperitoneally once a day, while the control and model groups were given an equal volume of saline for 6 weeks. The observed indicators included serum calcium(Ca), serum phosphorus (P), alkaline phosphatase, and transforming growth factor β1(TGF-β1) levels, micro-CT scanning, hematoxylin-eosin staining, and Western blot detection of JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway and osteogenic differentiation marker genes, including Runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2), and osteopontin (OPN) protein expression. RESULTS: Compared with the model group, the trabecular bone area percentage in the polygonum cuspidatum glycoside-L and polygonum cuspidatum glycoside-H groups was significantly increased, and the empty lacunar rate was significantly decreased (P<0.05). Micro-CT analysis showed that the bone volume fraction, trabecular number, and thickness increased, and the trabecular separation decreased in the polygonum cuspidatum glycoside-treated groups(P<0.05). Serum biochemical tests found that the serum Ca and P concentrations in the polygonum cuspidatum glycoside-L and polygonum cuspidatum glycoside-H groups were restored, the alkaline phosphatase levels decreased, and the transforming growth factor β1 levels increased (P<0.05). Western blot analysis showed that polygonum cuspidatum glycoside significantly inhibited the activation of the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway in the model group and promoted the expression of osteogenic differentiation marker genes such as Runx2, BMP2, and OPN (P<0.05). Compared with the polygonum cuspidatum glycoside-H group, the improvements in the polygonum cuspidatum glycoside-H+Colivelin group were somewhat weakened, indicating the importance of the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway in the action of polygonum cuspidatum glycoside. CONCLUSION polygonum cuspidatum glycoside promotes osteogenic differentiation, improves bone microstructure, and has significant therapeutic effects on rat SONFH by regulating the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway.
Animals ; Male ; Janus Kinase 2/physiology* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Rats ; Signal Transduction/drug effects* ; Glucosides/pharmacology* ; STAT3 Transcription Factor/genetics* ; Femur Head Necrosis/chemically induced* ; Stilbenes/pharmacology*

OBJECTIVES: To study the clinical characteristics of pediatric Behçet syndrome (BS). METHODS: A retrospective review was conducted on the medical records of children hospitalized in the Department of Pediatrics at the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University between December 2014 and December 2024 who met diagnostic criteria for BS. RESULTS: Among 45 children with BS, 26 (58%) were male. Oral aphthous ulcers were the most common manifestation (43/45, 96%), followed by genital ulcers (23/45, 51%) and gastrointestinal involvement (18/45, 40%). Genital ulcers were more frequent in girls, whereas ocular involvement was more common in boys (P<0.05). The pathergy test was positive in 10 (22%), and HLA-B51 was positive in 13 (29%). Fecal calprotectin (FC) was elevated in 16 (36%); gastrointestinal involvement was more frequent in children with elevated FC than in those with normal FC (P<0.05). According to the respective criteria, 17 (38%) patients met the International Study Group criteria (1990), 33 (73%) met the International Criteria for Behçet Disease (2014), and 13 (29%) met the Pediatric Behçet Disease criteria (2015). CONCLUSIONS Pediatric BS shows marked clinical heterogeneity. HLA-B51 is associated with disease susceptibility.
Humans ; Behcet Syndrome/genetics* ; Male ; Female ; Child ; Retrospective Studies ; Adolescent ; Child, Preschool ; Leukocyte L1 Antigen Complex/analysis* ; HLA-B51 Antigen

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to evaluate the clinical efficacy of Oxalicao Formula combined　with transacupuncture in the treatment of chronic nonbacterial prostatitis （CNP）characterized by dampness-heat stasis. METHODS: A total of 70 patients diagnosed with CNP and characterized by dampness-heat stasis were randomly divided into control group and treatment group, with 35 cases in each group. The patients in control group received Qianlie Beixi capsules． Ｗhile the patients in　treatment group were administered with oxalis decoction in conjunction with acupuncture therapy　which lasted for 8 weeks. Pre- and post-treatment evaluations for NIH-Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index (NIH-CPSI), Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) symptom scores, urodynamic parameters, immune cell subsets and inflammatory factors were performed. RESULTS: Ultimately, 65 patients completed the study　with 33 in the treatment group and 32 in the control group. After 8 weeks of intervention, The patients in both of groups demonstrated significant improvements (P<0.05). Specifically, remarkable reductions in the NIH-CPSI total score　including pain score, urination score, quality of life impact score, TCM symptom score and inflammatory cytokine levels　were observed. Additionally, there were upward trend　in maximum and average urinary flow rates as well as the CD4+/CD8+ ratio of immune cells(P<0.05). Compared to the control group, the treatment group exhibited superior outcomes in reducing the NIH-CPSI total score, pain score, urination score, quality of life impact score, TCM symptom score, and inflammatory cytokine levels, and increasing in　CD4+/CD8+ ratios， maximum and average urine flow rates(P<0.05). CONCLUSION The combination of Oxalicao Formula and transacupuncture for treating CNP characterized by dampness-heat stasis demonstrates significant therapeutic benefits, which has considerable clinical application value.
Humans ; Male ; Prostatitis/therapy* ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use* ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Chronic Disease ; Treatment Outcome ; Adult

Ovarian tumor (OT) is the most lethal form of gynecologic malignancy, with minimal improvements in patient outcomes over the past several decades. Metastasis is the leading cause of ovarian cancer-related deaths, yet the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Psychological stress is known to activate the glucocorticoid receptor (NR3C1), a factor associated with poor prognosis in OT patients. However, the precise mechanisms linking NR3C1 signaling and metastasis have yet to be fully elucidated. In this study, we demonstrate that chronic restraint stress accelerates epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and metastasis in OT through an NR3C1-dependent mechanism involving nuclear protein 1 (NUPR1). Mechanistically, NR3C1 directly regulates the transcription of NUPR1, which in turn increases the expression of snail family transcriptional repressor 2 (SNAI2), a key driver of EMT. Clinically, elevated NR3C1 positively correlates with NUPR1 expression in OT patients, and both are positively associated with poorer prognosis. Overall, our study identified the NR3C1/NUPR1 axis as a critical regulatory pathway in psychological stress-induced OT metastasis, suggesting a potential therapeutic target for intervention in OT metastasis.