Objective To study how polyclonal antibodies against ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) reduce botulinum toxin-in- duced axonal sprouting and affect paralytic muscle.Design Experimental study.Participants 20 New Zealand rabbits.Methods In 10 rabbits randomly selected,left superior rectus were as control (Group 1),right superior rectus were injected with botulinum toxin A (BTXA) 2.5U (Group 3).At 14th day,bilateral superior recti were taken out under general anaesthesia.In the other 10 rabbits,left su- perior recti were injected equivalent physical saline (NS) as control (Group 2);right superior recti were injected with BTXA 2.5U,after 4 days,injected with 50?l polyclonal antibodies against CNTF at same site (Group 4).And at 14th day,bilateral superior recti were taken out for electron microscopy,dyed with acetylcholinesterase,argentums (Ag) to show nerve axonal sprout,and accounted and mea- sured with Leica microsystems.Main Outcome Measures The mean number of sprouts and the mean total length of sprouts,and the uhrastructure change of muscle by electron microscopy.Results In Group 1,the mean number of sprouts and the mean total length of sprouts were 5.75% and 10.53?m respectively;Group 2 were 6.11% and 11.16?m;Group 3 were 84.04% and 170.71?m;and Group 4 were 54.77% and 68.12?m.The differences were statistically significant (all P=0.000).Electron microscopy showed that after admin- istration BTXA alone (Group 3),muscle atrophied obviously,nerve myelin sheath increased,while the structure of nerve and muscle re- main invariable.The Group 4 showed that local myofilament disrupted and dissolved,degenerative myocytes necrotized and disintegrat- ed into fragments,which led to partial unreversible destroy.Conclusion Polyclonal anti-CNTF can reduce BTXA-induced axonal sprout- ing,lead to partial unreversible destroy of muscle,which may prolong the time of paralytic muscle resuming.It suggests that polyclonal anti-CNTF could prolong the duration of muscle paralyses induced by botulinum toxin.

Central Nervous System Neoplasms ; secondary ; Humans ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Neuroblastoma ; pathology

China ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; Electricity

Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Kidney Failure, Chronic ; mortality ; physiopathology ; Renal Dialysis ; methods ; mortality ; Survival Rate

Animals ; Cell Differentiation ; drug effects ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Central Nervous System ; drug effects ; growth & development ; Female ; Organophosphorus Compounds ; toxicity ; Pesticides ; toxicity ; Pregnancy ; Rats

Diabetes Mellitus ; Diabetic Neuropathies ; drug therapy ; physiopathology ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Inventions

Objective To set up a novel clinical method for storage of oocytes by slowly freezing and successful pregnancy by intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). Methods The frozen oocytes (n=33) in metaphase Ⅱ (28),which were normal in morphology,were denuded of their cumulus-corona complex.The protective freezing solution contained 1,2-propanediol (1.5 mol/L) and sucrose (0.35 mol/L) and the process was slow for freezing and rapid for thawing.The recipients of these oocytes received hormone replacement therapy (HRT). Results A high survival rate of oocytes (32/33) was obtained when the sucrose concentration was 0.35 mol/L.ICSI induced a higher fertility rate (23/28),a good embryo cleavage rate (21/23) and a satisfactory embryo morphology for thawed oocytes.Embryo transfers were performed in 6 cycles/6 cases. Four cases got clinical pregnancy by demonstration of four gestation sacs on B ultrasonic examination 7 weeks after ICSI,1 fetal was first trimester spontaneous abortion,another 3 survival fetal were ongoing pregnancy and the first case gestation week is 17 weeks. Conclusions This study is the first successful application of human oocyte cryopreservation in China and this method can increase the survival rate of freezing oocytes.It’s easy to carry out,low in cost and high in the recovery rate of oocytes after thawing.

BackgroundThe neutrophils infiltration and vascular endothelium damage are found in the patients with diabetic retinopathy (DR).Calprotectin existes in the cytosol outside lysoome.It is thought to be a marker of inflammation.The effect of calprotectin in the development of DR is still in the study. Objective This study was to investigate the contents of plasma calprotectin in different stages of DR in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods This was a case-control study.Sixty consecutive patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were enrolled in this study.The patients were assigned to non-DR (NDR) group,non-proliferative DR (NPDR) group and proliferative DR (PDR)group according to fundus appearance and fundus fluorescein angiography(FFA) manifestation and 20 patients for each group.Twenty healthy subjects matched in gender,age and blood biochemical indicators were collected as the normal control group.The periphery blood samples were collected from the subjects for the detection of plasma calprotectin by ELISA.The plasma calprotectin levels were compared among different stages of DR and normal subjects.All subjects had signed informed consents.Results The contents of plasma calprotectin were (57.70±12.29 ),( 72.07± 10.14 ),( 87.70 ± 10.37 ),( 94.36 ± 9.40 ) ng/L in the normal control group,NDR group,NPDR group,PDR group respectively,with a statistically significant difference among 4 groups (F =73.09,P＜0.001 ).The content of calprotectin in PDR group showed a highest value in comparison with normal control group,NDR group and PDR group(q =20.157,10.648,4.497,P＜0.01 ).The content of calprotectin in NPDR group was significantly higher than that in NDR group( q=6.216,P＜0.01 ). ConclusionsPlasma calprotectin may play a role during the development of DR in type 2 diabetes mellitus patient.