Objective To examine serum levels of IgG, IgA, IgM, IgE and C3 and explore sensitivity of glucocorticoid (prednisone) in primary nephropathyic children to study pathogenesis of primary nephropathy and direct clinical therapy. Methods Examine serum IgG, IgA, IgM and C3 by scattering turbidimetry and IgE by ELISA. Results Compared with healthy children, children suffering from primary nephropathy had lower IgG and higher IgM and IgE, but the same IgA and C3 Simple and nephritic nephropathy had very significant difference in sensitivity of glucocorticoid(x2=18.48 P

Objective To compare the humoral immunity features of acute glomerulonephritis and nephritic syndrome(NS) in children for earlier differential diagnosis and rational administration.Methods Nephelometry was used to determinate the serum level of immunoglobulin(Ig)G,IgA,IgM,C3,C4 in children by England MININEPH machine and correlated reagent. The serum level of IgE was determined by IgE enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA),assay ELISA kit of America E&ELABSINC company. Immunoturbidimetry and westergren method were used to detect anti-streptolysin O(ASO) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate(ESR),respectively.Results There were significant diffe-rence features of humoral immunity between acute glomerulonephritis and NS in children.IgG,IgA,IgE,C3,C4 had significant difference between acute glomerulonephritis children and healthy children(Pa

Objective To investigate the clinical spectrum of respiratory viruses in infants and young children with acute lower respiratory infection(ALRI) in Chongqing area from 2003-2007.And to assess the clinical diagnostic value of virus detection in nasopharyngeal secretions(NPS) and serum viral antibody detection for ALRI.Methods Cases of 2 529 specimens of NPS in hospitalized children with ALRI from Apr.2003 to Oct.2007 were taken for detecting 7 common respiratory virus antigens by immunofluorescence assay including respiratory syncytial virus (RSV),adenovirus(ADV),influenza A(IA),influenza B (IB),parainfluenza virus1-3 (PIV1,PIV2,PIV3).Fifty-five thousand eight hundred and eighty-seven samples were tested for ADV-IgM by ELISA.Among those,45 159 cases were further tested for RSV-IgM by ELISA.Results Respiratory virus pathogens were detected in 778 samples out of 2 529(30.76%) including RSV positive in 668 samples (85.86%),PIV3 positive in 75 samples (9.64%),IA positive in 22 samples (2.57%),ADV positive in 15 samples ( 1.93%),only 1 sample ( 0.13%) positive for both PIV1 and RSV. And the positive rate of RSV-IgM was 0.9%-15.2%,and the positive rate for ADV-IgM was about 0.6%-10.6%.RSV infection occured mainly in winter and spring.Conclusions Respiratory virus is the most common pathogen in children with ALRI during the survey period in Chongqing area,especially for RSV infection.The pattern of RSV circulation varied every year with seasonality.It is suggest that this year is peak one for RSV infection from the monthly positive results,especially in Feburary(50%) in 2007.But the infection rate of PIV3,IA,ADV and PIV1 are lower,particularly IB and PIV2 infection have not been seen for the last 5 years.It is fast and accurate to detect RSV antigen and suit to clinical diagnosis by using immunofluorescence assay than other antibody detection.

Objective To explore incidence of child obesity in Zhengzhou area and intervention measures.Methods In 2001, spot check was conducted on 5688 cases of high and primary school students ,including 2848 boys and 2840 girls at the age of 7-18.Child obesity was diagnosed by meeting reference BMI value published by Cole et al,conducted comprehensive treatment consisting of massage intervention along channel of traditional Chinese medicine, behavior modification, dietetic and sport adjustment for 22 cases of simple obesity children (7-15 years old, 18 boys, 4 girls) selected for one month, and follow-up survey 6 months after treatment.Results Five thousands,six hundreds and eighty-eight high and primary school students investigated had an overweight incidence of 15.4%, an obesity incidence of 3.2%,boys' overweight incidence and obesity incidence(19.2%,4.6%) were remarkably higher than those of girls (11.5%,1.7% P<0.001). Overweight incidence of various age groups evidently differed(χ2=42.88 P<0.001) with the group of 8-15 years old children as popular. Incidence of various age groups also differed(χ2=21.28 P<0.05) with 7-10 years old and 14-15 years old children as popular. After one-month treatment, weight of all the 22 cases of fat children decreased from (76.45±19.87) kg upon hospitalized to (69.06±17.98) kg with a decrease of (7.43±2.58)kg, BMI value decreased from (31.05±3.96) before treatment to (27.72±3.54).Weight and BMI value before and after treatment differed evidently (t=13.6,12.88 P<0.01), and weight and BMI value decrease were remarkably related with those upon hospitalized (r=0.77 P<0.01;r=0.49 P<0.05).Conclusions Incidence of child obesity has been increasing in recent years, comprehensive treatment consisting of massage intervention along channel of traditional Chinese medicine, behavior modification, dietetic and sport adjustment have good curative effect and are comfortable, well received by children and suitable to promote and apply.

Adult ; Aged ; Blood Pressure ; physiology ; Earthquakes ; Female ; Heart Rate ; physiology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged

Objective To report one case with congenital ichthyosiform eruption, neurosensory deafness and vascularizing keratitis. Methods The overall clinical and laboratory examinations were conducted to confirm the diagnosis of keratitis, ichthyosis and deafness (KID) syndrome. Results The case presented with the typical hypotrichosis features of the eye lashes and eyebrows, alopecia of the scalp, and ophtalmological lesions. The keratotic plaques over the face, nose, ears, and the extremities were characterstic, and the skin of the trunk was leather-like, dry and hyperkeratotic. Dysplasia of cerebellum, and cystic enlargement of the fourth ventricle of cerebrum, and Dandy Walker syndrome were observed on MRI scanning. Treatment with oral acitretin for 3 weeks cleared the hyperkeratotic ichthyotic lesions on her posterior scalp and also improved other lesions on the extremities and the trunk. Conclusion Acitretin seems to be promising in the treatment of keratotic skin lesions in KID syndrome.

Objective To study the risk factors of hyperthyroid heart diseases(HHD) by analyzing clinical features of patients in order to provide a scientific basis for prevention and treatment of HHD. Methods Nine hundred and eighty two cases were selected as objective from in-patient data of Thyroid Disease Treatment Centre of Shandong Province. The cases were divided into hyperthyroidism group and HHD group. The variables of etiology,sex, age, duration of disease, TSH, FT3, FT4 and TRAb were analyzed by comparative analysis. The risk factors were analyzed by logistic regression. Results The prevalence of hyperthyroidism complicated hyperthyroid heart disease was 7.7%(76/982), age, duration of diseases, FT3, TRAb in the HHD group were [(51.4 ± 11.5), (6.3 ±2.1) years, 21.6 pmol/L, 71.6 U/L], in hyperthyroidism group were [(37.9 ± 9.8), (2.6 ± 1.3) years, 14.9pmol/L, 49.6 U/L]. The differences were statistically significant(u = 9.93,15.23, T = 44954,48792.5, P ＜ 0.05)between the two groups. The factors of the older, higher FT3 and TRAb, longer duration, Graves disease (OR =1.751,1.470,1.483,1.445,1.234) increased the risk of HHD. Conclusions Graves disease, longer duration, old age, higher FT3 and TRAb are the risk factors of HHD. Timely prevention and control of risk factors is necessary to reduce the incidence of HHD.

OBJECTIVETo analyze the origin of the feeding artery of the retroperitoneal invasion caused by massive hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and the characteristics of DSA. To explore the approaches to completely embolize the tumor blood supply and to assess the technical success rates, the safety and effectiveness with a purpose of improving the patients survival rates and living quality.

METHODSAfter complete ultraselective arterial embolization via hepatic artery for the 75 patients with retroperitoneal invasion led by massive HCC, those showing lipiodol deposition inconsistance compared with CT or MRI underwent the ultraselective catheterization to find potential tumor feeding arteries and then the subsequent chemoembolization. 3-6 months after operation CT or MRI was used to evaluate the efficacy. RETURNS: Retroperitoneal lesions were supplied by the posterior branch of right inferior phrenic artery (64%, 48/75), the right adrenal artery (33.3%, 25/75) and the right-side first lumbar artery (2.7%, 2/75), respectively. The success rates of ultraselective catheterization to tumor feed arteries was 100% (75/75). 3-6 months after embolization, the cases of complete and most-part iodine oil filling in the lesions were 72 (96%) and 3 (4%) respectively. The sizes of the lesions showed significant reduce (55, 73.3%), reduce (15, 20%) and no change (5,6.7%). Survival rates of 6, 12, 24 and 36 months after TACE were 90.7% (68/75), 81.3% (61/75), 49.3% (37/75) and 40% (30/75) respectively.

CONCLUSIONThe supply arteries of retroperitoneal invasion led by massive HCC come from the posterior branch of right phrenic artery, the right adrenal artery and the right first lumbar artery. Ultraselective TACE has high technical success rates, hight safety, and excellent effectiveness. The complete embolization of tumor feed artery can significantly increase the survival rates and living quality of these patients.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; blood supply ; pathology ; therapy ; Chemoembolization, Therapeutic ; Female ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms ; blood supply ; pathology ; therapy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Peritoneum ; pathology

OBJECTIVETo investigate the influence of intrauterine infection caused by lipopolysaccharide on Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling pathway in fetal and neonatal rat lungs in order to explore immunomodulating activity of innate immunity responding to intrauterine infection and its effect on lung development.

METHODSOn day 17 of pregnancy, 30 pregnant Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into two groups: LPS group and saline group. For LPS group, LPS (10 microl, 40 microg/ml) was intrauterine injected between every two embryonic sacs of the pregnant rats, while the rats in the control group were injected with the same volume of pyrogen-free saline. Lung tissues of fetal rats and corresponding placental tissues were collected on the embryonic day 18 (E18), E20, and E22. Neonatal lung tissues were also harvested on postnatal day 1 (P1), P3, and P7. Lung sections and placental tissues were stained with hematoxylin and eosin for histological examination. Reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis was performed to test mRNA expression for TLR4, myeloid differentiation 88 (MyD88) and IL-1beta, while immunohistochemistry was used to evaluate TLR4 and MyD88 expression in lung tissues. All data were analyzed with one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and q test.

RESULTS(1) Placental hematoxylin-eosin staining showed a great number of neutrophils infiltration, obvious interstitial hyperplasia and narrow capillaries in placental tissues in the LPS group which indicated that intrauterine infection occurred. However, there were no obvious inflammatory cells in the control group. (2) On E18, E20 and E22, the lung of LPS group showed no obvious pathological changes, and there were no apparent neutrophils infiltrated in alveoli, then some structural changes appeared. On P7, we found that the number of alveoli decreased, space of alveoli was larger than ever, septa thickened, but without significant constructive disorder. (3) In the LPS group, the TLR4, MyD88 and IL-1beta mRNA levels increased compared with control group, higher than control group at E20 and E22 (P < 0.05), and peaked at E22. Then the expression levels of these substances decreased slowly. (4) The result of immunohistochemistry showed that in lung tissues of the two groups at E18, there was no remarkable positive staining of TLR4 and MyD88, which mainly expressed in cytoplasm of bronchiole and alveolar epithelial cells, then positive cells increased slowly.

CONCLUSION(1) For perinatal rat lungs, intrauterine LPS infusion can induce an increased expression levels of TLR4 and MyD88 to a certain extent, which then returned to normal level gradually. At the same time, lung tissues showed a mild pathological change and inflammatory reaction. We propose that innate immune system of fetal lungs controls the magnitude of the LPS-induced cytokine response during the perinatal period. (2) The findings confirmed that LPS-activated signaling transduction pathway was the MyD88-dependent pathway.

Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Female ; Infection ; metabolism ; Interleukin-1beta ; metabolism ; Lipopolysaccharides ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Lung ; growth & development ; metabolism ; Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88 ; metabolism ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious ; metabolism ; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Signal Transduction ; drug effects ; Toll-Like Receptor 4 ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of uvulopalatopharyngoplasty on changes of serum leptin levels in patients with obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS).

METHODSSixty-one patients with OSAHS diagnosed by polysomnography were treated with uvulopalatopharyngoplasty. Pretreatment and post-uppp serum leptin concentrations in patients with OSAHS and in BMI-matched controls were measured by radioimmunoassay. Correlations between leptin concentrations and AHI, BMI were analyzed.

RESULTSThe concentrations of leptin in patients with OSAHS were higher than that in controls (P < 0.05). Mean levels (x+/-s) of leptin were (9.8+/-2.1) microg/L, (14.2+/-6.7) microg/L, and (19.3+/-7.9) microg/L in patients with severe, mediate and mild obstructive sleep apnea, respectively. Serum leptin levels correlated positively with the degree of OSAHS as reflected by AHI (r = 0. 68, P < 0.01). The leptin concentration of 51 responders after 6 months were significantly decreased (P < 0.01) than that of pre-operation. However, the difference of leptin concentration between pre-operation and post operation was not significant in 9 nonresponders (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSThere are higher leptin concentrations in patients with OSAHS, which are significantly correlated to the severity of disease. Serum leptin levels in responders decreased significantly after uvulopalatopharyngoplasty. OSAHS may influence the leptin system, resulting in increased serum leptin level.

Adult ; Case-Control Studies ; Humans ; Leptin ; blood ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Otorhinolaryngologic Surgical Procedures ; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive ; blood ; surgery