Flexible ureteroscopy techniques have experienced great developments in the past decade, as well as their expanding indications.However, this surgical procedure encountered some discouragement in clinical application for its long learning curve, poor ergonomics, high cost and attrition rate.In recent years, there were a group of advancements in flexible ureteroscopy, including robot-assisted ureteroscopy, dual working channels flexible ureteroscopy, disposable flexible ureteroscopy, rigid ureteroscopy with a deflectable tip and a series of accessory instruments development, which could all make surgery procedures more easily to be done and lower the expenses at the same time.These technical evolutions bring flexible ureteroscopy into a new level in urologic surgeries.

Objective To observe the effect of tea polyphenols on proliferation, invasion and apoptosis of human thyroid papillary carcinoma cells (CGTH W-3) in vitro. Methods The effects of various concentrations of tea polyphenols on proliferation, invasion and apoptosis of CGTH W-3 cells were observed by MTT assay, plate scarification assay and flow cytometer, respectively. Results Tea polyphenols(50-400 mg/L) inhibited the proliferation of CGTH W-3 cells with dose-and time-dependent manners. The IC_50 of tea polyphenols to CGTH W-3 cells was 240 mg/L (1st day), 229 mg/L (3 rd day), 200 mg/L (5th day) and 118 mg/L (7th day). The cell free zoster which reflected the invasive ability was widened by tea polyphenols. The apoptosis percentage of CGTH W-3 cells incubated with tea polyphenols for 48 h was obviously increased, with 3.51% in control group, 12.61% with 100 mg/L tea polyphenols, 52.97% with 200 mg/L tea polyphenols and 70.79% with 400 mg/L tea polyphenols (all P

Background and purpose:Hypoxic cells in tumors are of chemoresistant and anti-apoptoic.Our study was focused on the effects of hypoxia on expression of P-glycoprotein(P-gp) and cell apoptosis in human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cell line(wtP53),in order to explore the probable mechanism of hypoxia in apoptic tumor cells.Methods:A549 cell line(human lung adenocarcinoma) was cultured under hypoxic atmosphere(2% O_2) for 24 h,the expression of hypoxia inducible factor-1?、P-gp and P53 protein was detected by immunohistochemistry,after cells under hypoxic atmosphere were exposed to Adriamycin for 24 h,the cell survival rate was detected by MTT,and apoptosis of by flow cytometer.Results:① The expression of hypoxia inducible factor-1?、P-gp and P53 protein in hypoxic cells were higher than the expression in anoxia ,and correlation between the expression of HIF-1? and P-gp or P53 protein was observed(P

Atopic dermatitis is a complex chronic, relapsing inflammatory skin disease.Atopic dermatitis in children is usually less severe than in adults, but it is with a high incidence and is susceptible to relapse.Therefore, the physical and mental health of children and their family maybe seriously affected.In the past, the treatments of atopic dermatitis have been limited to glucocorticoids and immunosuppressants.It is unsafe for children because of their toxicities.With the in-depth understanding of pathogenesis, more and more new therapies that focus on intervening in the inflammatory pathway by targeting specific cytokines or their receptors have been found and applied.This article reviews the progress of treatment of the disease to provide new insights for the optimal treatment of atopic dermatitis.

Objective To observe any therapeutic effect of pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMFs) on bone loss in spinal cord injury (SCI) patients.Methods Fifty-five patients with SCI were divided into two groups randomly.The twenty-six patients in the control group (group B) were given only routine rehabilitation treatment; the twenty-six patients in the treatment group (group A) received PEMF therapy in addition.Results After 12 weeks of treatment,the average bone mineral density (BMD) of the proximal femur (including total,neck,Wards,inter,troch) in group A was significantly higher than in group B.The levels of bone-gamma-carboxyglutamic acid containing protein (BGP) and 1,25 (OH)2D3 in group A increased significantly,while they decreased in group B.Urine-pyridinium/crealinine (U-Pyd/Cr) levels in group A decreased significantly,while in group B they were higher than before.There were statistically significant differences between the two groups.Conclusion PEMF treatment can effectively retard bone loss in SCI patients.It has good preventive and curative effects on osteoporosis after SCI.

Objective:To analyze effect on the CD154-CD40 signaling pathway and Th1/Th2 polariza-tion by deficient inducible co-stimulator ( ICOS)-ICOS ligand ( ICOSL) signaling in mice infected with Schistosoma japonicum. Methods:ICOSL knockout ( ICOSL-KO) mice and wild-type C57BL/6J mice were used as experimental Schistosomiasis model infected with Schistosoma japonicum. The expressions of CD154 and CD40 on splenocytes and on inflammatory cells around granulomatous infiltration of liver in mice infected with Schistosoma japonicum were analyzed by flow cytometry,immunohistochemical staining, respectively, on the day before infection (0 week) and at the end of 4, 7, 12, 16 and 20 weeks post-infection. The splenocytes of the mice were stimulated with soluble egg antigen( SEA) for 72 hours, then the concentrations of interferon gamma(IFN-γ) and interleukin-4 (IL-4) in the culture supernatants were measured by sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ( ELISA) kits. The levels of SEA-specific an-tibodies of IgG and IgG1 and IgG2a were measured in the mice sera by ELISA. The granulomatous pa-thology in the mice liver was dynamically observed by hematoxylin and eosin ( HE ) staining. Results:Compared with the wild-type C57BL/6J mice, the expressions of CD154 on CD4 + T splenocytes [(18. 62 ± 4. 76)% vs. (27. 91 ± 3. 94)%, (22. 44 ± 4. 67)% vs. (40. 86 ± 5. 21)%, (25. 50 ± 6. 81)% vs. (43. 81 ± 8. 41)%, (20. 22 ± 5. 28)% vs. (40. 95 ± 7. 34)%, (17. 87 ± 4. 59)% vs. (33. 16 ± 6. 31)%, all P <0. 01] and of CD40 on CD19 + B splenocytes [(19. 43 ± 3. 26)% vs. (24.37 ±3.59)%, (23. 00 ± 4. 47)% vs. (31. 80 ± 5. 86)%, (24. 46 ± 5. 01)% vs. (35. 85 ± 5. 32)%, (23. 42 ± 4. 69)% vs. (33. 30 ± 6. 14)%, (22. 85 ± 3. 78)% vs. (30. 88 ± 5. 94)%, all P<0 . 05 ] in the ICOSL-KO mice significantly decreased at the end of 4 , 7 , 12 , 16 and 20 weeks post-infection. Moreover, the expressions of CD154[(0. 319 ± 0. 066) vs. (0. 488 ± 0. 086), (0. 389 ± 0. 067) vs.(0.596±0.082),(0.378±0.064) vs.(0.543±0.072),(0.348±0.069) vs.(0.523±0.076), all P<0. 01] and CD40[ (0. 398 ± 0. 066) vs. (0. 546 ± 0. 079), (0. 461 ± 0. 085) vs. (0. 618 ± 0. 076), (0. 453 ± 0. 087) vs. (0. 587 ± 0. 074), (0. 449 ± 0. 065) vs. (0. 565 ± 0. 082), all P <0 . 05 ] on inflammatory cells around granulomatous infiltration in liver from the ICOSL-KO mice were sig-nificantly lower than those of the wild-type C57 BL/6 J mice at the end of 7 , 12 , 16 and 20 weeks post-in-fection. The levels of IFN-γ of the ICOSL-KO mice were significantly higher than those of the wild-type C57BL/6J mice at the end of 4, 7, 12, 16 and 20 weeks post-infection (P <0. 05). However, the levels of IL-4 of the ICOSL-KO mice were significantly lower than those of the wild-type mice ( P <0. 05). Compared with the wild-type C57BL/6J mice, the levels of SEA-specific antibodies of IgG and IgG1 and IgG2a in the sera of the ICOSL-KO mice significantly decreased (P<0. 01). Moreover, The Th2 differentiation index of the ICOSL-KO mice was significantly lower than that of the wild-type mice in post-infection (P<0. 01). Also, the ratio of IgG1/IgG2a of the ICOSL-KO mice were significantly lower than that of the wild-type mice at the end of 7 , 12 and 16 weeks post-infection ( P<0 . 05 ) . And the vo-lume of liver egg granulomas of the ICOSL-KO mice was significantly smaller than that of the wild-type mice ( P <0 . 01 ) . Conclusion: These findings suggest that there is obvious down-regulation in the expressions of CD154 and CD40 and impairment of Th2 immune response in the ICOSL-KO mice infected with Schistosoma japonicum, accompanying with notedly reduced hepatic granulomatous pathology. The ICOS-ICOSL signaling has a regulatory effect on CD154-CD40 signaling pathway, and may play an impor-tant role in the hepatic egg granuloma formation of Schistosomiasis.

Objective To observe the clinical effect of hyaluronic acid on conception rate of ectopic pregnancy patients who received conservative tubal operation under laparoscopy.Methods 100 patients with ectopic pregnancy received conservative tubal operation under laparoscopy treatment were selected.Hyaluronic acid was used in 50 cases (the treatment group),unused anti blocking preparations for the control group in 50 cases.Then patients were followed up on the tubal patency,and observed pregnancy after 1 year.Results The rate of tubal patency after menstrual clean was 84％ in the treatment group,which was significantly higher than 60％ in the control group(x2 =7.155,P ＜ 0.05).In the treatment group,40 cases were intrauterine pregnancy,4 cases were ectopic pregnancy,6 cases were infertility.The rate of intrauterine pregnancy after 1 year was 80％ in the treatment group,which was significantly higher than 56％ in the control group(x2 =6.65,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Hyaluronic acid is effective in preventing tubal adhesion in the ectopic pregnancy patients who received laparoscopic conservative surgery,and can improve the postoperative tubal patency rate and conception rate.

Objective] To summarize the clinical experience of Professor Yu Ying’ao in treatment of epilepsy.[Method]Starting from Professor Yu Ying’ao epilepsy treatment of two typical cases, and discuss the treatment ideas and methods.[Results] Professor Yu Ying’ao is good at treating epilepsy, many cases, he believes that phlegm and distraught as the main disease epilepsy mechanism. Emphasizes the importance in the pathogenesis of phlegm, that Qianzhen Zhi Xian in the treatment of epilepsy through usage, and treatment based on syndrome differentiation. Treatment of multiple in Puji Benshi Fang Baijin pill on the basis of adding Huotan Kaiqiao, Zhenxin Pinggan Anshen, Xifeng Zhijing. Often the effect is very good.[Conclusion] Professor Yu Yingao’s experience in the treatment of epilepsy is unique, it is worth learning.

Objective To observe the clinical effect and investigate the mechanisms of Yikun Oral Liquid in treating climacteric syndrome due to yin deficiency of liver and kidney. Methods One hundred and three cases of climacteric syndrome of yin deficiency of liver and kidney were observed, including 70 cases of treatment group (treated with Yikun Oral Liquid) and 33 cases of control group (treated with Tibolone tablets). Quantitative studies were performed on the clinical symptoms (using Kupperman marking standard), levels of estradiol (E2), progesterone (P), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH) and endometrial thickness respectively before and after treatment. Results Clinical symptoms were improved obviously in two groups after treatment (P

Objective To describe the work experience and needs of enterostomal therapist in Shanghai.Methods Phenomenological methodology was adopted in this study.In-depth interview was conducted on 9 enterostomal therapists.Data were analyzed by inductive codes and coding methods.Results Five themes were extracted,including responsibility and mission,pride,accomplishment,helplessness,and satisfaction.When they began their new jobs,they confronted many challenges,but they conquered them with responsibility and mission.Finally,they felt growing up and harvested a lot during this time.Conclusions Hospital managers should pay attention to problems they encountered in their work and provide necessary supports for their training,work and development.