Adolescent ; Adult ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Myringoplasty ; Risk Factors ; Tympanic Membrane Perforation ; etiology ; surgery ; Young Adult

Cyclic diguanylate (c-di-GMP) is a bacterial second messenger of growing recognition involved in the regulation of a number of complex physiological processes. In combinations to the related progress of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, the causing agent of bacterial blight of rice in our lab, this review describes (1) the biosynthesis and hydrolysis of c-di-GMP and several mechanisms of regulation of c-di-GMP metabo-lism, (2) the contribution of c-di-GMP to regulating virulence, motility and biofilm formation, processes that affect pathogenesis of many bacteria, and (3) ways in which c-di-GMP may mediate these regulatory effects.

Objective To study the association between functional genetic polymorphisms of IL-1B(T-31C,C-511T),IL-1RN and the susceptibility to gastric cancers. Methods A case-control study was conducted in 180 gastric cancer cases and 308 age-and sex-matched cancer-free controls.Genotypes were detected by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism(PCR-RFLP) assays,and association between genotypes,environmental factors and risk of gastric cancers were determined. Results IL-1B T-31C was in strong linkage disequilibrium with IL-1B C-511T(D'=0.862,R2= 0.721,P=0.000).Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that the variant genotypes of IL-1B T-31C and C-511T were not significantly associated with risks for gastric cancers(adjusted OR,0.95 and 95% CI,0.62-1.47 for IL-1B T-31C;and adjusted OR,0.85 and 95% CI,0.55-1.31 for IL-1B C-511T).The variant genotypes(1/2,2/2) in IL-1RN were associated with a non-significantly increased risks for gastric cancers(adjusted OR,1.32 and 95% CI,0.71-2.36) in all subjects and with a significantly increased risks for gastric cancers in subjects with H.pylori infection(adjusted OR,2.03 and 95%CI,1.02-4.80).Conclusion The functional genetic polymorphisms of IL-1RN may contribute to the risks of gastric cancers in high-risk population,particularly in those with H.pylori infection.

0.05).The expression of NF-?Bp65 protein in epithelial ovarian cancer was significantly correlated with FIGO stage(P0.05).There was obviously negative correlation between KISS- 1 and MMP-9 expression in ovarian cancer(rs=-0.547,P

The number of new chemicals increases tremendously annually, while traditional time-and cost-consuming toxicity tests based on animals with the uncertainty of extrapolation could not meet the demand of hazard identification and risk assessment. Thus,the evolution of methodology for toxicity tests is desired to fill up the huge data gap. With the rapid development of life science and technology,the insights into the nature of life and pathology of diseases have changed and systematic toxicology has emerged. Equipping with the advantages of multi-disciplinary study,systematic toxicology expands the research fields of toxicology and accelerates the speed of illustrating molecular mechanism of environmental xenobiotics, biomarkers screening and validation, and the development of new methods for risk assessment. Toxicogenomics and computational toxicology analysis are the major technology of systematic toxicology. Computational toxicology integrates data from toxicogenomics to construct multi-levels and multi-dimensional models for quantitative exposure risk assessment. This research summarized the research progress of computational toxicology from the aspects of research strategies, common databases, analytical tools, research methods and application, so as to provide references for the risk assessment of chemical substances.

0.05).Conclusions ATP-TCA could be used to individualize chemotherapy by selecting agents for particular patients of cervical cancer.The expression of GST-? and TS protein might be useful biomarkers to predict the resistance to DDP and 5-FU in patients with cervical cancer.

With the acceleration of global urbanization, the human health impact from growing e-waste has become increasingly serious. Several regions of China are heavily polluted by e-waste, which has led to adverse health outcomes. Critical issues need to be addressed, including how to identify adverse health effects and conduct the health risk assessment for prevention. Recently, globally governmental-based regulations and enforcement of legislation regarding the export, recycling and disposal process of e-waste have made certain achievements. In this issue, we published several articles, which summarized and analyzed the relationship between e-waste pollution and adverse health effects from various aspects such as exposure analysis, adverse health outcomes, mechanisms and risk assessment. These findings could provide basic data and guidelines for health risk assessment and disease prevention of e-waste pollution in China.

Background and Objectives: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have the multipotent capacity to differentiate into multiple tissue lineages as well as to self-renew, which is the main origin of adipocytes. IL6/IL6R pathway exerts a significant role in tissue regeneration and cell differentiation. Whereas, the underlying mechanism between IL6/IL6R pathway and MSCs adipogenesis differentiation remains elusive. Methods: MSCs from healthy donors were cultured in adipogenesis differentiation medium for 0∼14 days, during which their adipogenesis differentiation degree was evaluated by Oil Red O staining. The expression of IL6R was detected in MSCs during adipogenesis differentiation. Knockdown and overexpression of IL6R were respectively performed using siRNA and lentivirus to investigate its effect on MSCs adipogenesis differentiation. The adipogenesis marker genes expression and MAPK pathway activation were detected by Western blotting. The role of P38 pathway in the adipogenesis differentiation of MSCs was determined using the specific inhibitor SB203580. Results: The expression of IL6 and IL6R increased during adipogenesis differentiation in MSCs, which were positively correlated with Oil Red O quantification result. Knockdown and overexpression experiments demonstrated a positive correlation between the expressions of IL6R and MSCs adipogenesis differentiation, accompanied by same trend of P38 phosphorylation. Besides, the specific P38 inhibitor SB203580 markedly inhibited the adipogenesis differentiation potential of MSCs. Conclusions This study reveals IL6R facilitates the adiogenesis differentiation of MSCs via activating P38 pathway.

Objective: To evaluate the feasibility and outcomes of the reconstruction of large anterior palatal fistulae by anteriorly based dorsal tongue flaps to provide a rational reference of anteriorly based dorsal tongue flaps for clinicians. Methods : Five patients with anterior hernia had a defect range of 1.0 cm × 1.0 cm to 1.5 cm × 2.0 cm, and the anterior tongue was 1.3 cm × 3.5 cm to 2.0 cm × 3.5 cm. The defects were all repaired with anteriorly based dorsal tongue flaps. The clinical efficacy was evaluated after operation, including whether the mucosal flap was infected, whether there was any shedding before the pedicle, and whether there was any perforation after operation. Thereafter, patients who were satisfied with their chewing, swallowing, speech function and appearance were followed up Results: All patients underwent successful reconstruction of palatal defects by anteriorly based tongue flaps, and no case of spontaneous detachment of the tongue flap occurred. Patients with palatal fistulae were followed up for 16-28 months, and no recurrence was encountered. The operation had no effect on the speech, agitation and swallowing function of the tongue, and patients were satisfied with the appearance. Conclusion The dorsal lingual mucosal flap pedicled with the anterior tongue is a safe and reliable method for repairing large anterior palatal fistula.

OBJECTIVETo identify predictors of treatment retention problems at the two initial methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) clinics in Guangdong province, and to provide reference in reducing the rate of drop-outs.

METHODSAll of the patients were investigated at baseline and followed during the treatment period. Kaplan-Meier method on Survival Analysis was used to analyze retention related factors and predictors.

RESULTS509 subjects were recruited in this study with median of retention time as 108 days (95%CI: 74 - 142 days). The retention rate at 1-, 3-, 6-, 12-months were 75.9%, 52.7%, 41.6%, 30.1%, respectively. Data from Multivariate Cox Proportional Hazard Model analysis showed predictors of retention would involve factors as HIV infection state at baseline (HR = 1.241, P = 0.047), daily methadone dose (HR = 0.633, P = 0.004) and secretly using drugs during treatment period (HR = 5.345, P = 0.000).

CONCLUSIONThe retention rates at the two initial MMT clinics in Guangdong province were low. Patients who were HIV negative at baseline but still secretly using heroine during treatment or accepted low daily average dosage of methadone, had the tendency to drop out. The results implied that retention time could be prolonged by increasing daily methadone dosage.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ; mortality ; Adult ; China ; Female ; Heroin Dependence ; therapy ; Humans ; Male ; Methadone ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Opiate Substitution Treatment ; Patient Compliance ; statistics & numerical data ; Patient Dropouts ; statistics & numerical data ; Substance Abuse Treatment Centers ; Substance Abuse, Intravenous ; drug therapy ; Survival Rate