Objective To research the physical development of ancient inhabitants in the Neolithic Age. Methods Referring to Anthropometric Method , the main projects including humerus, tibia and femur of 108 human bone specimens unearthed from Wanggou site have been measured respectively. The limb bone index, sexual dimorphism and height have been compared and analyzed by Excel software. Results The overall development level of humerus and femur was higher than that of the control group in the same period and weaker than that of the Inner Mongolian group. The development of the middle femur was weaker than that of the control groups, with less muscle attachment. The difference in the brawniness of humerus between the genders was statistically significant (i = 0. 811, P>0. 05) , while the difference in the brawniness of femur was just the opposite (t = 0. 63, P>0. 05 ). The maximum variation range of the male femur was 40. 6 to 49. 4 cm, which was at a moderate low level in the control group. The average height of male was 166. 22 cm, ranging from 164. 47-167.68 cm. The average height of female was 158.06 cm, ranging from 154.02-160.34 cm; There was a significant difference in height between the genders (i = 4. 96, P<0. 01).The height of male is close to the south China group, lower than the comparison group in the same region and the north region, and that of female is at a higher level in the south region. The sexual dimorphism index of Wanggou formation was 5. 7 %. Conclusion The humerus, tibia and femur of the male in Wanggou group are stronger than that of the female, while the upper limbs of the male were stronger than that of the female, and there was no significant difference in the strength of the lower limbs. We suggest that there is no significant difference in nutrition between male and female of Wanggou site during their growth.

Objective To explore the changes of Clara cell secretory protein(CCSP) in asthmatic children and the effects of inhaling glucocorticoid (ICS) on CCSP.Methods Sixty children with asthma were selected as asthma group(in which 39 cases were male and 21 cases were female,aged 3-12 years old) and 30 healthy children were selected as healthy control group(in which 20 cases were male and 10 cases were female,aged 3-12 years old).Venous blood samples were collected in asthma group and healthy control group in morning before breakfast,and then sera were obtained by centrifuge in speed of 1 500 r?min-1 in 10 min.The dynamic levels of CCSP were measured in sera by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Results 1.In asthmatic children,the CCSP levels in acute episode,3 months after ICS,6 months after ICS, and 12 months after ICS[(5.140?2.331)?g?L-1,(8.730?3.392)?g?L-1,(10.510?2.813)?g?L-1]were all lower than that in healthy control group[(13.230?4.010)?g?L-1](Pa0.05).2.Compared with acute episode,the patients who ICS for 3 months,6 months and 12 months had significantly higher levels of CCSP (Pa0.05).Conclusions CCSP may play a protective role in the airway inflammation of asthma.Glucocorticoid may increase CCSP level in asthmatic children.Glucocorticoid and CCSP may cooperate in anti-inflammation in airway of asthmatic children.

Autoimmune diseases (AID) are characterized by autoimmune disorder, as autologous tissue is attacked by the autoimmune system. It is reported that the imbalance of autoimmune tolerance and ingrained inflammatory response are the core events of AID undoubtedly. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) which belongs to the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily is a ligand activated transcription factor. PPARγ combines with retinoid X receptor (RXR) to form heterodimer. When PPARγ is activated, the complex regulates gene expression by binding to a specific peroxisome proliferator response element (PPRE). In addition, PPARγ has diversified biological functions, playing important roles in regulating metabolism, controling inflammation, modulating glucose and lipid metabolism, ameliorating atherosclerosis, anti-tumor, and regulating immune response. However, recently researches indicate that PPARγ participates in the pathogenesis of AID. PPARγ plays key roles in regulating activation and polarization of macrophages, function of dendritic cells, proliferation and differentiation of T cells, and modulation of the function of related stromal cells. This article summarizes the biological functions and signal transduction pathways of PPARγ and the protective effects of agonists of PPARγ on AID, aiming to provide theoretical support for the research of mechanism and prevention and treatment of AID.

Endophytic fungi played an important role in the growth of its host plant. To investigate the mycorrhizal characteristics and the distribution of fungi in the root, an endangered wild plant-Dysosma versipellis was collected and observed by electron microscope. The results showed that the host was closely associated with endophytic fungi. The fungi were mainly distributed in the epidermis and cortex. The aseptate and septate fungi with swollen hyphae were observed in some cell of the cortex. The result provides a reference for the study of mycorrhizal structure of Dysosma genus and the interaction between the fungi and its host.
Berberidaceae ; microbiology ; ultrastructure ; Endangered Species ; Endophytes ; physiology ; ultrastructure ; Fungi ; physiology ; ultrastructure ; Microscopy, Electron ; Plant Roots ; microbiology ; ultrastructure

OBJECTIVETo investigate the protective effect of epimedium flavonoids Injection (EFI) on experimental acute myocardial infarction (AMI) rats.

METHODSRats were randomly divided into 6 groups, the acute myocardial infarction model was established by ligating left anterior descending branch of coronary artery (LAD). After operation, the rats in the sham-operation and model group were intravenous injected with 5% glucose injection, those in the positive medicine group were intravenous injected with nitroglycerin 0.3mg/kg, while rats in the low-, middle- and large-dose EFI group were intravenous injected with TFE in a dose of 10, 20, 40 mg/kg respectively. ECG was monitored before and after coronary artery ligation, and after treatment at different time points. At the same time, the millivolt of ST and ST-T segment were measured. The changes of serum creatine phosphokinase (CPK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) content were determined, and the myocardial infarcted area was detected by MTT respectively 3 h after LAD. Results After intravenous injection of EFI in a dose of 10, 20, 40 mg/kg, the myocardial infarcted area of AMI rats could be decreased in different degree, the activity of serum CPK, LDH and the content of MDA decreased (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01), while the activity of serum SOD increased significantly (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). It could began to lower the elevated ST-T segment 5 min after medication and the action could last for 3 h (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONEFI has a protective effect against acute myocardial ischemia caused by LAD, and the effect is quickly initiated.

Animals ; Creatine Kinase ; blood ; Epimedium ; chemistry ; Female ; Flavonoids ; isolation & purification ; therapeutic use ; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase ; blood ; Male ; Myocardial Infarction ; drug therapy ; Phytotherapy ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Superoxide Dismutase ; blood

Abstract?AIM: To investigate the influence of propylene glycol mannite sulfate ( PGMS ) on the expression of tumor necrosis factor -α( TNF-α) and interleukin-1β( IL-1β) , in diabetic retinopathy by a rat model, to study the mechanism of PGMS against diabetic retinopathy, and provide a reliable theoretical and experimental evidence for the PGMS to be applied to clinical prevention and treatment of diabetic retinopathy.?METHODS: Male Wistar rats were randomized into 4 groups, normal control group, diabetic control group and PGMS in group, the PGMS in groups included the doses of 50mg/kg and 100mg/kg. 1% streptozotocin ( STZ) of 60 mg/kg was intraperitoneally injected in rats to establish the diabetic models. The PGMS with the doses of 50mg/kg and 100mg/kg were used to gavage in different groups of models for 12wk.Twelve weeks later, the animals were sacrificed and retinas were isolated. The aqueous humors and serums were taken, expressions of TNF-αand IL-1βprotein in retinas, aqueous humors and serums were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ( ELISA) , respectively.The location and the expression of TNF-αand IL-1βprotein in retina tissue was detected by immunohistochemistry.?RESULTS: Twelve weeks after the use of PGMS, the level of blood glucose was not changed.ELISA showed that the expression of TNF-αand IL-1βprotein in serum and retina was significantly increased in diabetic control group than in normal control group(P<0.05), but in the groups which PGMS was given reduced, lower than those in diabetes mellitus( DM) group, especially as the concentration of PGMS increased ( P<0.05 ).But the levels of aqueous humor's TNF-αand IL-1βproteins in PGMS group were not reduced.Immunohistochemistry showed that the TNF -α protein was almost not expressed in normal control group. But the TNF-αprotein was highly expressed in diabetic control group. The expression mainly located in the ganglion cell layer, the inner plexiform layer, outer plexiform layer and pigment epithelium. The TNF-αprotein was weakly expressed at the group of 50mg/kg PGMS, the TNF-αprotein was almost not expressed at the group of 100mg/kg PGMS.When the normal control group was detected, the IL-1βprotein was weakly expressed in the outer plexiform layer.But the IL-1βprotein was also highly expressed in diabetic control group.The expression mainly located in the inner plexiform layer, outer plexiform layer and pigment epithelium. The IL -1βprotein was weakly expressed at the group of 50mg/kg and 100mg/kg PGMS.?CONCLUSION:PGMS can treat the diabetic retinopathy by downregulating the expressions of TNF-αand IL-1βin early diabetic retinopathy.PGMS maybe have a good control effect on early diabetic retinopathy.

Objective To investigate the role of autophagy in radiation-induced death response of human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells.Methods MTT method was used to detect cell viability of CNE-2 cells in different time after irradiation.Clonogenic survival assay was used to evaluate the effect of autophagy inhibitor (chloroquine phosphate) and autophagy inductor (rapamycin) on radiosensitivity of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells.Cell apoptosis was assessed by flow cytometry.The expressions of LC3 and P62 were measured with Western blot.Cell ultrastructural analysis was performed under an electron microscope.Results Irradiation with 10 Gy induced a massive accumulation of autophagosomes accompanied with up-regulation of LC3-Ⅱ expression in CNE-2 cells.Compared with radiation alone,chloroquine phosphate (CDP) enhanced radiosensitivity significantly by decreasing cell viability (F =25.88,P ＜ 0.05),autophagic ratio (F =105.15,P ＜ 0.05),and LC3-Ⅱ protein level(F =231.68,P ＜0.05),while up-regulating the expression of P62 (F =117.52,P ＜ 0.05).Inhibition of autophagy increased radiation-induced apoptosis (F =143.72,P ＜ 0.05).Rapamycin (RAPA) also significantly decreased cell viability,but increased autophagic ratio and LC3-Ⅱ protein level while down-regulated the expression of P62.Induction of autophagy increased radiation-induced apoptosis(F =167.32,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Blockage of autophagy with CDP could enhance radiosensitivity in human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells,suggesting that inhibition of autophagy could be used as an adjuvant treatment to nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of SIRT6/NF-κB signal axis in delaying hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell senescence with ginsenoside Rg1, in order to provide theatrical and experimental basis for looking for methods for delaying HSC senescence.

METHODSca-1 + HSC/HPC was isolated by magnetic cell sorting (MACS) and divided into five groups: the normal control group, the aging group, the positive control group, the Rg1 anti-senescence group, and the Rg1-treated group. Senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-Gal) staining, cell cycle analysis and hemopoietic progenitor cell mix (CFU-Mix) were adopted to determine the effect Rg1 in delaying or treating Sca-1 + HSC/HPC senescence biology. The mRNA and protein of senescence regulation molecules SIRT6 and NF-KB were examined by realtime fluorescence quantitative PCR (FQ-PCR) and western blotting.

RESULTCompared with the senescence group, the Rg1 anti-senescence group and the Rg1-treated group showed lower percentage in SA-β-Gal-stained positive cells, decreased cell proportion in G1 phase, increased number of CFU-Mix, up-regulated in SIRT6 mRNA and protein expression, down-regulation in NF-KB mRNA and protein expression. The Rg1 anti-senescence group showed more evident changes in indexes than the Rg1-treated group.

CONCLUSIONRg, may inhibit Sca-1 + HSC/HPC senescence induced by t-BHP by regulating SIRT6/NF-KB signal path.

Animals ; Antigens, Ly ; analysis ; Cellular Senescence ; drug effects ; Female ; Ginsenosides ; pharmacology ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells ; drug effects ; Male ; Membrane Proteins ; analysis ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; NF-kappa B ; physiology ; Signal Transduction ; physiology ; Sirtuins ; physiology

To explore the effect of magnitude and duration on the performance of Cumulative Sum (CUSUM),with simulation method used on the subject after the insertion of 11 outbreak events into baseline data with Poisson distribution.Sensitivity fluctuated from 9.1％ to 100.0％ with specificities higher than 98.6％.Sensitivity was significantly correlated with magnitude,and increased along with the increase of magnitude.However,no significant correlation was observed between sensitivity and duration.A magnitude which was at least 2.6 times higher than that of the mean daily baseline could result in the sensitivity of 100.0％.Time-lag would be improved along with the increase of magnitude.Time between onset and detection of an outbreak was no longer than one day when magnitude was more than 1.8 of the mean daily baseline.In summary,the performance of CUSUM was influenced by magnitude,but not by duration.CUSUM had the advantage of good time-lag and high sensitivity when the outbreak magnitude was more than 2.4 time over the baseline data.

Objective To explore the roles of clara cell secretory protein(CCSP)and eosinophil cationic protein(ECP)in the pathoge-nesis of bronchial asthma and to evaluate their diagnostic value in asthmatic children.Methods Induced sputum samples were obtained from 31 asthmatic children during chronic persistent period and clinical remission period.According to global initiative for asthma(GINA),the total of 31 cases accepted systemic treatment by inhaling glucocorticoid.The patients included 18 boys and 13 girls aged from 3.7 to 12.0 years,and their average age was 7.6 years.Sputum CCSP concentrations were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).And the concentrations of sputum ECP were determined with Pharmacia UniCAP system.Results Asthmatic children had significantly lower CCSP levels in sputum during chronic persistent period compared with clinical remission period(P