Morality and Ethics are rooted in the development of human society.Scientists should be strict with their professional morality and positively face ethics-related arguments.nowadays,based on the rapid development of Science &Technology,the relationship between science and society and the recognition of "self" have been changed fundamentally,which have caused new challenges to scientists in the fields of morality and ethics.

Primary osteoporosis is a commonly and freguently encountered disease of the elderly People. There is no specific treatment for it at present time. The most important thing is prevention. Although there are so many prvention methods , nutritional prevention is one of important aspects of osteoporosis. In each stage of life,people should pay attention to intaking the nutrients which is beneficial to preventing osteoprosis.

Objective To study the expression of Ki-67 in T1 primary breast cancer tissue and its relationship with Her-2 and ER,evaluate the prognosis of early breast cancer.Method s Sixty cases of women T1 primary breast cancer tissues of 60 female cases from January 2008 to June 2011 were selected.The expressions of Ki-67 were detected by immunohistochemieal method and the relationships between Ki-67 and clinical-pathological fcatures,Her-2 and ER were analysed.Results The expression of Ki-67 in T1 primary breast cancer was 55% among the 60 patients.The expression of Ki-67 was not related with the clinical-pathological type of breast cancer and menopause (P＞0.05).The expression of Ki-67 in group with lymph node metastasis was higer than in group without lymph node metastasis(P =0.047 ,P ＜0.05).The expression of Ki-67 in Her-2positive group was higher than Her-2 negative group (P= 0.021,P＜0.05),and the expression of Ki-67 in ER positive group was lower than that of ER negative group (P = 0.037,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions The expression of Ki-67 in T1 primary breast cancer indicates the possibility of lymph node metastasis,and its positive correlation with Her-2 positive expression,ER negative expression indicates poor prognosis.

Adult ; Benzene ; toxicity ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Occupational Exposure ; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory ; drug effects ; Young Adult

BACKGROUND: Revascularization is necessary for tissue-engineered bone implantation by osteogenesis to effectively repair bone defect.OBJECTIVE: To evaluate marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) modified by bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) in combination with polylactic acid/polycaprolactone (PLA/PCL) to repair rabbit radial bone defect during the vascularization, and to investigate the promotive effects of BMP-2 gene on the vascularization of bone graft.DESIGN: Randomized controlled animal study.SETTING: This study was performed in the Central Laboratory of China Medical University from January to December 2005.MATERIALS: PLA/PCL with 150-250 μm pore diameter and 90% interval porosity was provided by Changchun Applied Chemistry Institute, Chinese Academy of Science. Sixty 3-month-old New Zealand rabbits were selected in this study.METHODS: Sixty rabbits were randomly divided into four groups with 15 rabbits in each group. Subsequently, middle segments of bilateral radial bone were obtained to establish 1.5-cm bone defect models that were implanted with processed artificial bones. Adenovirus carrying BMP-2 (AD-BMP-2) group: Artificial bones were processed with transfected BMP-2 cells plus PLA/PCL; Control group: Artificial bones were processed with adenovirus carrying β-gal gene (Ad-Lacz) plus PLA/PCL; Non-transfection group: Artificial bones were processed with non-transfected cells plus PLA/PCL; PLA/PCL group: PLA/PCL alone for transplantation.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Four, eight, and twelve weeks after surgery, X-ray was used to observe new bone formation; stereoscopic microscope to observe distribution of microvessels; haematoxylin-eosin staining to detect the relationship between microvessels and bone formation; transmission electron microscope to investigate the correlation between osteoblasts and vascular endothelial cells, detect vascular endothelial growth factor expression, and calculate the number of microvessels.RESULTS: Four postoperative weeks in the AD-BMP-2 group, numerous microvessels were observed; stent pore was full of cartilage calluses; active osteoblasts grew around microvessels; vascular endothelial growth factor expression and numbers of microvessels were higher and more than those in other groups. Eight postoperative weeks, osteoblasts gradually increased in the bone graft; microvessels circuitously expanded and connected each other; cartilage callus changed into trabecular bone. Twelve postoperative weeks, cortical bones were successive; medullary cavity recanalized; microvessels longitudinally arranged in order. Ability of bone formation in the control group and non-transfection group was weak, and vascular regeneration was slow; 12 postoperative weeks, bone defect was primarily repaired; microvessels were distributed along the pores of newborn bone trabecula. Newborn vessels were hard found in the PLA/PCL group at each time point. Twelve postoperative weeks, bone extremities sclerotized, and defect regions were fully filled by fiber tissues.CONCLUSION: Transfected BMP-2 gone by up-regulating vascular endothelial growth factor expression can indirectly induce vascularization of bone graft, promote survival of seed cells, and accelerate bone formation.

BACKGROUND: Tissue engineered bone constructed in vitro is a compound of cell and material; additionally, revascularization plays a key role in effectively repairing bone defect after transplantation of tissue engineered bone.OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the influence of antigen-extracted bovine cancellous bone stent combining with bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) on vascularized reaction during reparative process of bone defect.DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: Randomized grouping design and controlled animal study, which was performed at the Central Laboratory, China-Japan Friendship Hospital Affiliated to Jilin University.MATERIALS: Sixty rabbits of clean grade were selected in this study. Superior cancellous bone of bovine humerus was used to establish bovine cancellous bone stent. Recombinant adenovirus carrying human BMP-2 (Ad-BMP-2) and β -galactosidae gene (Ad-Lacz), and recombinant human BMP-2 (rhBMP-2) were graciously presented by Dr. Oliver and Pro. Gao, Department of Pathology of Jilin University.METHODS: Marrow mesenchymal stem cells were extracted from 60 rabbits, and then they were transfected with BMP-2 adenovirus vector to repair 1.5-cm defects of radial bone of both upper extremities by combining with bovine cancellous bone transplantation. Rabbits were randomly divided into 5 group with 12 in each group: Ad-BMP-2 transfected cells+bovine cancellous bone group, non-transfected cells+rh-BMP-2+bovine cancellous bone group, Ad-Lacz transfected cells +bovine cancellous bone group, non-transfected cells + bovine cancellous bone group, and bovine cancellous bone group. Transplanted bone was fixed by tightly suturing tunica muscularis and anadesma.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: New bone formation was observed by X ray at 4, 8, and 12 weeks after surgery; microvascular ink perfusion was used to observe vascular distribution; transmission electron microscope was used to observe osteoblasts and vascularization; hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, alcian blue staining, and VonKossa staining were used to observe correlation between microvessels and bone formation; immunohistochemical staining of vascular endothelial growth factor was used to detect gray value; immunohistochemical staining of CD34 was used to specifically label vascular endothelial cells for microvascular amount.RESULTS: Sixty rabbits were included into the final analysis. X-ray and immunohistochemical examinations demonstrated that bone formation and vascularization in the Ad-BMP-2 transfected cells+bovine cancellous bone group and non-transfected cells+rh-BMP-2+bovine cancellous bone group were superior to those in other three groups. After four weeks, microvascular ink perfusion indicated that a branch of small vessels was formed in pore of trabecular bone. Vascular density was higher in the peripheral domains but lower in the central regions. Transmission electron microscope suggested that a lot of osteoblasts and new vascular buds with active function were observed four weeks after surgery. Mature lamellar bone was formed 12 weeks after surgery, and structure of new vessels was complete. Detection of vascular endothelial growth factor expression and microvascular amount indicated that content of vascular endothelial growth factor in the Ad-BMP-2 transfected cells+bovine cancellous bone group was significantly higher than that in other four groups (P<0.01), and microvascular amount was also significantly higher than that in other four groups (P<0.01).CONCLUSION: BMP-2 gene can indirectly induce vascularization of transplanted bone through up-regulating vascular endothelial growth factor expression, which is superior to rh-BMP-2.

BACKGROUND:The incorporating of zeolites or porous fillers into polymer membranes can improve the pervaporation separation properties of membranes.But the effect mechanism of zeolites or porous fillers on membrane properties needs to be further studied.OBJECTIVE:The study was designed to prepare ZSM-5 zeolite incorporated chitosan membrane by solution blending method to investigate the effecIs of zeolite on membrane pervaporation properties.DESIGN:A controlled observation.SETTING:Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences.MATERIALS:This study was performed at the Laboratory of New Type Membrane Separation Technology,Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences in May 2006.Chitosan,with deacetylation degree of 75%-85%,was obtained from Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Company,USA;Dimethyl carbonate(DMC),with purity of 99%,was purchased from Fluka Chemical Company,USA:ZSM-5 zeolite was kindly supplied by Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,China;Methanol,with purity＞99.5%,were purchased from Shenyang Lianbang Chemical Company,China.METHODS:ZSM-5 zeolite incorporated chitosan membranes were prepared by solution blending method.properties.RESULTS:Scanning electron mieroscope demonstrated that zeolite was uniformly distributed in the membrane matrix and the membranes were free from possible defects.The separation selectivity of dimethyl carbonate(DMC)/methanol mixtures was dominated by solubility selectivity rathcr than diffusivity selectivity.Swelling degree increased and the permeation flux of the membranes increased significantly with the zeolite content increasing.From the temperature-dependent permcation values,the Arrhenius activation parameten were estimated.CONCLUSION:The pervaporation results indicated that the membranes incorporated with the ZSM-5 zeolite exhibited better separation properties for DMC/methanol mixtures comparing with homogeneous chitosan membranes.

Objective To investigate the effect of bFGF on the grafting ability (grafing efficiency)of CD34 + cord blood cells seeded in 5 FU injured human bone marrow stromal cells.Methods Using combined methods of bone marrow stromal cell culture system,light microscopy and electron microscopy,flow cytometry,we investigated the toxic effects of 5 FU on human bone marrow stromal cells (hBMSC) and the benefit of bFGF on dynamics of hBMSC as well as the ability of the cord blood stem cell to bind hBMSC.Results After 3 hours incubation with 5 FU,significant changes in hBMSC cytosolic and nuclear morphology were observed.Nuclear splitting and abnormal shapes of the pseudopodia were found under the electron microscope.Flow cytometry revealed that apoptosis appeared before G 0/G 1,and that cells in G 0/G 1and G 2/M phases were remarkably lower,while the cells in S phase were remarkably higher than the controls.Two hours after adding the cord blood hematopoietic progenitor cells,the group treated with bFGF(injury with intervention of bFGF group,IBG)showed higher proprtion of the adherence layer compared to the group without adding bFGF(injury group,IG)(29% versus 12%) Conclusion 5 FU causes DNA damage in hBMSC.It also impairs the binding ability of cord blood stem cell to hBMSC.bFGF is able to repair hBMSC damage and improve the binding of CD34 + cord blood hematopoietic progenitor cells onto hBMSC.

As a minimally invasive method of examination, magnetic resonance spectroscopy can provide information of brain metabolism and biochemistry, objectively reflect brain metabolite changes. Different manifestations were described in the diseases such as brain injury and brain tumor. As a result, magnetic resonance spectroscopy can be a helpful technology to give information of diagnosis and prognosis in neurosurgery for brain injury, brain tumor as well as brain abscess and epilepsy.

Objective To explore the expression of mismatch repair gene (MMR) (MLH1,MSH2,PMS2 and MSH6) in endometrioid adenocarcinoma,and to analyze its clinical pathological significance.Methods Inmunohistochemical EnVision method was used to detect the expressions of DNA mismatch repair proteins (MLH1,MSH2,PMS2 and MSH6) in 101 cases of endometrial adenocarcinoma.The phenotypes of tumor microsatellite instability (MSI) and microsatellite stable were determined,and its relationship with onset age,differentiation,depth of myometrial invasion,lymphatic metastasis and prognosis of tumor were analyzed.Results There were 67 cases of hysterectomy and 34 cases of endometrial biopsy in 101 cases of endometrial adenocarcinoma.52 cases of surgical specimens and 14 cases of biopsy specimens were included in 66 cases that had complete follow-up data.Rates of negative expression were as follows:MLH1 31.6 ％ (32/101),MSH228.7 ％ (29/101),PMS2 16.8 ％ (17/101),MSH6 8.9 ％ (9/101).MSI phenotype 53.5 ％ (54/101),MSS phenotype 46.5 ％ (47/101).Univariate analysis showed that prognoses of MSI-L&MSS group (34 cases) were better than those of MSI-H group (18 cases) in hysterectomy organization (P =0.041).The differences between depth of myometrial invasion,degree of differentiation,age and prognosis of endometrial adenocarcinoma were statistically significant (P ＜0.05).Cox multivariate analysis showed that differences between depth of myometrial invasion,age and prognosis of endometrial adenocarcinoma were statistically significant (P =0.034,P =0.009),while there was no significant difference between MSI-L&MSS group and MSI-H group in prognosis (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions MSI is one of the molecular events that occur in the endometrioid adenocarcinoma.Age and depth of tumor invasion are independent prognostic factors of endometrioid adenocarcinoma.In view of inconsistency between univariate analysis and multivariate analysis,whether MSI can be used as deterministic accordance for endometrioid adenocarcinoma prognostic evaluation requires further verification.