OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the pharmacoeconomics of cefathiamidine, ceftriaxone sodium, cefuroxime sodium, amoxicillin sodium/clavulanate potassium and cefoperazone sodium/sulbactam sodium in the treatment of pediatric bronchopneumo-nia,and to provide reference for rational drug use in the clinic. METHODS:By retrospective study,338 children with broncho-pneumonia were divided into groups A,B,C,D and E according to different therapy regimens. There were 75,65,76,66 and 56 cases in groups A,B,C,D and E,and they were given cefathiamidine,ceftriaxone sodium,cefuroxime sodium,amoxicillin sodium/clavulanate potassium and cefoperazone sodium/sulbactam sodium intravenously. The pharmacoeconomics of therapy regi-mens in group A,B,C,D and E were evaluated by cost-effectiveness analysis and decision tree analysis model. RESULTS:The effective rates of groups A,B,C,D and E were 93.33%,90.77%,96.05%,87.88% and 87.50%,respectively. The treatment cost of those groups were 1 929.09,2 173.73,1 611.91,1 661.42,1 801.32 yuan,respectively. The cost/effectiveness(C/E)ratio of those groups were 20.67,23.95,16.78,18.91,20.59,respectively. The treatment cost of group C was the smallest,so was the C/E. Results of cost-effectiveness analysis were supported by sensitivity analysis. CONCLUSIONS:Cefuroxime sodium is the best treatment for pediatric bronchopneumonia among 5 antibiotics in respect of cost-effectiveness.

Objective To compare the killing effect of cytotoxic T lymphocytes(CTLs) induced by dendritic cells transduced recombinant adenovirus associated virus (rAAV ) with different hepatitis B virus gene fragment (rAAV‐HBV‐S ,C ,E ,X ) . Methods Peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMCs) from chronic hepatitis B patients were isolated and transduced recombinant adeno‐associated virus with different hepatitis B virus (HBV) antigen gene fragment (rAAV‐HBV‐S ,C ,E ,X) ,then GM‐CSF ,IL‐4 and TNFαwere added to cultivate for 7 days to generate mature dendritic cells (DCs) .The state of DCs were observed and differen‐tiation antigen molecules (CD)were detected by flow cytometry(FACS)to evaluate their maturation and function .Cytotoxic T lym‐phocytes (CTLs) were induced by the mixed cuture of DCs with prepared T lymphocytes .HepaG2 .2 .15 and HepaG2 were targed cells and the killing effect of CTLs wered compared using MTS assay .Results The expression of phenotype CD14 ,CD80 ,CD83 , CD86 from DCs transduced with rAAV‐HBV‐S ,C ,E ,X were compared ,respectively .Of which ,CD80 ,CD86 were significantly dif‐ferent(P<0 .05) .CD80 in group rAAV‐HBV‐X was the highest ,and CD83 in group rAAV‐HBV‐S was the highest .Cytotoxic effect of CTL induced by DC transduced with HBV antigen gene fragment of rAAV (S ,C ,E ,X) to target cells with HBV (HepG2 . 2 .15 cells) were significantly higher than that of without HBV target cells (HepG2 cells) (P<0 .01) ,but the four groups were no significant difference ,respectively(P>0 .05) .Conclusion HBV‐S ,C ,E ,X genes all induce M HC‐I dependently cytotoxic T‐lym‐phocytes specific response based adeno‐associated virus (AAV) vector delivery into dendritic cells .

Objective To investigate the effects of emotional care on the quality of life of breast cancer patients undergoing radical operation.Methods Emotional nursing intervention was conduced to 70 breast cancer patients undergoing radical operation. The modified life quality scale was used before and after the radical operations for the investigation of their quality of life.Result The score on the quality of life after emotional care was significantly higher than that after the emotional care(t=-2.07,P<0.05).Conclusion Emotional care may raise breast cancer patients’quality of life after the radical mastectomy.

Objective To study the clinical anesthetic effect of butorphanol combined with propofol in painless gastroscopy. Methods 90 patientswith stomachache check were randomly divided into observation group and control group,45 cases each. The observation group was received butorphanol combined with propofol and the control group were treated with fentanyl combined with propofol. The heart rate of pa-tients before anesthesia,during checking and conscious,the change of blood pressure and oxygen saturation,respiratory depression and anes-thetic effect were analyzed. Results The heart rate,blood pressure and oxygen saturation of two groups after treatment were decreased,the difference was not statistically significant(P>0. 05). The total volume of propofol and respiratory depression between the two groups were compared,the differences were statistically significant(P<0. 05). Conclusion Butorphanol combind with propofol in painless gastroscopy with long anesthesia time and low respiratory depression,which was worthy of promotion.

Objective To investigate the protective effect of gynostemma on myocardium and its mechanism in patients with diabetes associated with hyperlipemia.Methods 178 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with hyperlipidemia from the department of endocrinology in our hospital were selected and divided into two groups, 89 cases in the control group treated with basic treatment of diabetes+atorvastatin, 89 cases in the experiment group received gynostemma on the basis of the control group, myocardial injury index, blood glucose level, blood lipid level, serum cytokine levels and serum oxidative stress response indexes were detected and compared after the treatment.Results Compared with the control group, serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase(AST), creatine kinase(CK), CK-MB, lactate dehydrogenase(LDH)were lower in the experiment group after treatment, fasting plasma glucose(FPG), 2h postprandial blood glucose(2hPG), HbA1c level were lower after treatment, serum levels of total cholesterol(TC), triglycerides( TG ) , low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( LDL-C ) were lower, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( HDL-C ) level was higher after treatment, serum level of adiponectin(ADPN) was higher, tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α), interleukin-6(IL-6), interleukin-18(IL-18) levels were lower after treatment, serum levels of malondialdehyde(MDA), reactive oxygen species(ROS) were lower, glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase(SOD) levels were higher after treatment, with significant difference (P<0.05).Conclusion Gynostemma can significantly reduce the cardiac muscle damage of patients with diabetes associated with hyperlipemia , plays a role in myocardial protection, the mechanism may be to reduce blood glucose and blood lipid levels, inhibit the inflammatory reaction caused by inflammatory cytokines, improve the antioxidant capacity of the body and reduce oxidative stress damage.

Objective To explore the purifying effects of clean bottling workshop in jugged or bottled drinking water manufacturing enterprise in Wuhan. Methods 32 manufacturing enterprises were sampled to test the purifying levels of bottling workshops according to GB50073-2001 The Criterion for Purifying Workshop Design, GB/T16294-1996 Detecting Method for Suspended Particle in Clean Shop or Area of Medical Industry and GB/T16249-1996 Testing Method for Sedimentation Bacteria in Clean Room or Area of Medical Industry. The microorganism determination was based on GB17324-1998 The Hygiene Standard for Bottled Drinking Pure water and GB8537-1995 The Hygiene Standard for Drinking Natural Mineral water and CJ94-1999 The Hygiene Standard for Bottled Drinking Water. Results The qualified rate was 78.1% for the count of dust in air and 81.3% for the count of bacteria in air of bottling workshops of 32 manufacturing enterprises.Among 32 manufacturing enterprises, 25(78.2%) and 8(25%) enterprises accorded with the requirement of 10 000 and 1 000 purifying level of air in whole bottling workshop respectively,only 2 accorded with the requirement of 100 purifying level of air at product line in bottling workshop. The qualified rate was 84.4% for temperature,light,noise,87.5% for flow rate, 46.9% for relative humidity, 34.4% for air pressure difference between indoor and outdoor.After the performance of sanitary management, the qualified rate of microorganism in barrelled water increased from 61.1% in 2001 to 84.1% in 2002. Conclusion The application air cleaning facility in bottling workshop of jugged or bottled drinking water manufacturing enterprise can improve the sanitary quality of microorganism in barrelled water.

Objective To discuss the management and maintenance of clean operation room. Methods The equipment and operation section in operation room were managed and maintained to meet the requirement of clean operation room. Results Under the management, all indexes reached the standard. Conclusion Only if the importance be attached to the management and maintenance of clean operation room, and the rules be strictly observed, does the clean operation room be well maintained, the hospital infection caused by operating room be effectively controlled and the quality of medical treatment be improved.

According to the base complementation, the principle antisense technology is the sequence specific binding of complementary antisense nucleic acids or their chemical modification to the nucleic acids in cells, resulting in the suppression or prevention of gene translation. For the treatment of cancer, a lot of antisense drugs have been designed, which target the genes involved in the pathogenesis of cancer. And some of them have been in clinical trials. The author reviewed the progress of the clinical trials of these antisense drugs.

Objective To explore the effects of electrical stimulation below the contraction threshold on apoptosis and the expression of caspase-3 in cardiomyocytes after myocardial infarction in rats.Methods Thirty-two rats were randomly divided into 4 groups:a sham-operated group,a myocardial infarction group,an ischemic electrical stimulation group and a non-ischemic electrical stimulation group.TdT-mediated X-dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL)was used to investigate apoptosis of cardiomyocytes.Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RTPCR)and immunohistochemical techniques were used to detect the expression of caspase-3.Results ①Compared with the sham-operated group,the amount of apoptotic cardiomyocytes increased significantly in the two electrical stimulation groups and the ischemic myocardium group.Compared with the ischemic myocardium group,apoptotic cardiomyocytes decreased significantly in the two electrical stimulation groups.There was no significant difference between the two electrical stimulation groups.②Compared with the sham-operated group,in the ischemic myocardium group and the two electrical stimulation groups,expression of caspase-3 increased significantly.Compared with the ischemic myocardium group,expression of caspase-3 decreased significantly in the two electrical stimulation groups.There was again no significant difference between the two electrical stimulation groups.Conclusions Electrical stimulation below the contraction threshold can reduce ischemic cardiomyocyte apoptosis in rats.The mechanisms may be associated with down-regulation of the expression of caspase-3.Electrical stimulation below the contraction threshold of the myocardium can also reduce cardiomyocyte apoptosis in rats.