No abstract available.
Hyperglycemia ; Pulse Wave Analysis

No abstract available.
Pulse Wave Analysis*

No abstract available.
Pulse Wave Analysis

A reappraisal was made with respect to a classical observation of the mode of instrumental phase reversals on inter-ictal EEG of seemingly bilateral synchronous spike-wave discharges in patients with either idiopathic generalized epilepsies (IGE) or symptomatic localization-related frontal lobe epilepsies (FLE). It was pointed out in the original observation by Tukel and Jasper that one phase reversal at midline or near the midline on the side of the parasagittal epileptogenic lesion designated as secondary bilateral synchrony (SBS) was found in patients with frontal lobe epilepsy (FLE), whereas a double phase reversal was found over the homologous frontal electrodes (F3 and F4) designated as primary bilateral synchrony (PBS) in patients with IGE. Twenty-three patients (IGE: 15, and FLE: 8) revealing bursts of seemingly bisynchronous spike-wave discharges in interictal EEGs were retrospectively studied. Discharge patterns were defined as stable phase reversal pattern if the site of phase-reversal was consistent, and as unstable pattern if the site of phase-reversal was not consistent but shifting in the same patient. Stable one phase-reversal pattern was found more frequently in FLE (50%) than in IGE patients (26.7%), and stable double phase-reversal pattern more frequently in the IGE (33.3%) than in the FLE group (12.5%). Notably, unstable pattern was found almost equally in both IGE and FLE patients (40% and 37.5%, respectively). Recognition of SBS or PBS in accordance with original observation was found not to clearly differentiate FLE from IGE in patients showing seemingly bisynchronous spike-wave complexes. The variability of instrumental phase-reversals can be accounted for by the fact that the localization of maxima of negative spike of the spike-and-wave complexes varies considerably.
IgE ; Pattern ; Right and left ; wave ; Patient observation

OBJECTIVES: The role of rheumatoid factor (RF) in vascular stiffness and cardiovascular risk in subjects without joint symptoms remains unclear. We investigated vascular stiffness in subjects without joint symptoms using pulse wave velocity (PWV), calculated Framingham risk scores (FRS), an estimator of cardiovascular risk, and analyzed whether vascular stiffness and FRS were affected by RF. METHODS: Two hundred forty-two subjects were included in this population-based study. RF was quantified with turbid immunometry using a cut-off of RF > 15 IU/ml to denote RF positivity. Information was then obtained on joint symptoms. Brachial-ankle PWV (baPWV) was measured using an automated device. RESULTS: Of the 242 subjects, 15 were RF-positive. RF-positive subjects without joint symptoms had a higher baPWV and FRS than RF-negative subjects without joint symptoms, but the difference did not reach statistical significance. However, when we stratified the subjects into two groups (group A – high RF: RF ≥ 40 IU/ml; group B – low RF: RF < 40 IU/ml), group A showed significantly higher baPWV (1640.7 ± 179.6 ㎝/s vs. 1405.7 ± 225.7 ㎝/s, P = 0.008) and FRS (25.7 ± 4.87 vs. 11.8 ± 9.6, P < 0.001). Multiple regression analysis was used to examine potential confounders, and RF exhibited significant but modest effects on baPWV (adjusted R-squared = 0.038, P = 0.030). CONCLUSIONS: In a sample of the general population without joint symptoms, higher levels of RF were associated with increased vascular stiffness, suggesting a pathophysiologic link between RF and endothelial dysfunction.
Joints* ; Pulse Wave Analysis ; Rheumatoid Factor* ; Vascular Stiffness*

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: To investigate the impact of age on arterial stiffness and blood pressure (BP) variables in newly diagnosed untreated hypertension (HT). SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A total of 144 patients with newly diagnosed untreated HT were divided into two groups: young group (age < or =50 years, n=71), and old group (age >50 years, n=73). BP variables were measured on office or 24 hours ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM). Parameters of arterial stiffness were measured on pulse wave velocity (PWV). Pulse wave analysis (PWA) was compared. RESULTS: Although office BP and pulse pressure (PP) were significantly (p<0.05) higher in the young group than in the old group, BP and PP on ABPM were not significantly different. Central systolic BP and PP, augmentation pressure, augmentation index on PWA, and PWV were significantly higher or faster in the old group compared to that in the young group. Age showed significant positive correlation with both PWV and PWA variables in the young group with HT. However, age only showed significant positive correlation with PWV in the old group with HT. In the young group with HT, PWA variable showed better correlation with age than PWV. CONCLUSION: Considering BP levels on ABPM, office BP is prone to be overestimated in young patients with HT. Parameters of arterial stiffness measured by PWV and PWA were more affected by age rather than by BP level in patients with HT. Therefore, PWA variable might be a more sensitive marker of arterial stiffness in young patients with HT. However, PWV might be a better marker for old patients with HT.
Aging ; Blood Pressure* ; Humans ; Hypertension* ; Pulse Wave Analysis ; Vascular Stiffness*

OBJECTIVE: There have been few studies regarding the relationship between arterial stiffness and left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP). In the current study, we evaluated the relationship between the LVEDP and arterial stiffness in patients with hypertension (HTN). METHODS: Group I (n=34) included patients with a normal E/E' (< or =8) without HTN, group II (n=31) included patients with an elevated E/E' (>8) without HTN, group III (n=20) included patients with a normal E/E' (< or =8) with HTN, and group IV (n=49) included patients with an elevated E/E' (>8) with HTN. Aortic distensibility (AD) and the right brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) were measured. RESULTS: The mean age was 46.0+/-11.3 years. The mean value of AD was significantly lower in the group III compared to the group I. The group IV showed significantly lower AD compared to the group II. The group III demonstrated higher baPWV compared to the group I (1422+/-182 cm/sec vs. 1186+/-178 cm/sec, p<0.01), and the group IV showed higher baPWV compared to the group II (1456+/-228 vs. 1259+/-238 cm/sec, p<0.01). However, AD and baPWV were not significantly different between the group I and II, and between the group III and IV. The E/E' ratio showed a weak negative correlation with AD and a weak positive correlation with baPWV. CONCLUSION: Patients with hypertension showed a lower AD and a higher baPWV compared to those with normal blood pressure independent of the LVEDP. But the correlation between E/E' ratio and arterial stiffness suggests that a high LVEDP might not significantly influence arterial stiffness.
Blood Pressure ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Pulse Wave Analysis ; Vascular Stiffness

Introduction: Recent researches have determined that decreased arterial elasticity by age is one of the Cardiovascular risk factors. The modification of arterial elasticity can be evaluated accurately by measuring PWV.\r\n', u'Objectives: To determine the age - related change in the arterial stiffness in healthy people and factors that change the arterial stiffness. \r\n', u'Subjects and methods: The study group consisted of 123 normotensive subjects, including 65 men and 58 women (mean age 51.2 \xb1 13.9 years). Aortic elasticity was assessed by measuring carotid - femoral pulse PWV using a Complior Colson device with 2 pressure transducers.\r\n', u'Results: The mean PWV in both gender groups was 10.2 \xb1 1.6 m/s. There was no significant difference in both the right and the left side of the body, as well as genders regarding PWV calculation. PWV was correlated with age (r = 0.56) and mean blood pressure index (r = 0.6). If PWV was measured on the left side, subjects with plaques in common carotid artery (proved by echo) had a higher PWV than those without carotid plaque presence. In returns, there was no significant difference in terms of PWV, if it was measured on the right side. The arterial PWV in normal subjects with CT/HDL index of more than 5 is higher than those with CT/HDL index of less than 5. There was no correlation between arterial PWV and hyper - cholesterolemia. \r\n', u'Conclusions: 1. Mean arterial PWV in the healthy subjects was. 10.2 \xb1 1.6 m/s. 2. Arterial PWV had a positive correlation with age, mean blood pressure index and CT/HDL index.\r\n', u'
Arterial stiffness ; Carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV)

Continuous and non-invasive measurement of blood pressure (BP) is of great importance particularly for patients in critical state. To achieve continuous and cuffless BP monitoring, pulse transit time (PTT) has been reported as a potential parameter. Nevertheless, this approach remains very sensitive, cumbersome and disagreeable in ambulatory measurement. This paper proposes a new approach to estimate blood pressure through PCG signal by exploring the correlation between PTT and diastolic duration (S21). In this purpose, an artificial neural network was developed using as input data: (systolic duration, diastolic duration, heart rate, sex, height and weight). According to the NN decision, the mean blood pressure was measured and consequently the systolic and the diastolic pressures were estimated. The proposed method is evaluated on 37 subjects. The obtained results are satisfactory, where, the error in the estimation of the systolic and the diastolic pressures compared to the commercial blood pressure device was in the order of 6 .48 ± 4.48 mmHg and 3 .91 ± 2.58 mmHg, respectively, which are very close to the AAMI standard, 5 ± 8 mmHg. This shows the feasibility of estimating of blood pressure using PCG.
Blood Pressure ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Methods ; Pulse Wave Analysis

Cuffless technique holds great promise to measure blood pressure (BP) in an unobtrusive way, improving diagnostics and monitoring of hypertension and its related cardiovascular diseases, and maximizing the independence and participation of individual. Pulse transit time (PTT) has been the most commonly employed techniques for cuffl ess BP estimation. Many studies have been conducted to explore its feasibility and validate its performance in the clinical settings. However, there is still issues and challenges ahead before its wide application. This review will investigate the understanding and development of the PTT technique in depth, with a focus on the physiological regulation of arterial BP, the relationship between PTT and BP, and the summaries of the PTT-based models for BP estimation.
Blood Pressure ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; Hypertension ; Pulse Wave Analysis