There have more than toxic microbial and viruses in the list of bioweapon for the bioterrorism and biowar. The fights for bioterrorism and biodisaster are activities of society and community. Individuals and community have responsibilities to protect, fight, and reduce the damage timely and effectively to bioterrorism. The professional facilities are responsible for investigating, isolating the germs, toxics and implementing the effective solutions for management of outcomes of bioweapon.
Virology ; war

No abstract available.
Korean War*

Korean Association of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (KAOG) was established semicentury ago (1947). Even Korea faced a massive destrcution, political and economic crisis during Korean war, but KAOG bad developed more and more. Finally, KAOG has developed a stable association now. Now not only KAOG is a firm association domestically but also engages in an international association (e.g. AOFG, FIGO, SOINTF) and gives much contribution. Even now KAOG faces a hard-time, but I hope that KAOG will develop a prospective association in 21th century with an effort to educate many young researchers.
Hope ; Korea ; Korean War

During 1978-1979, a neurosurgeons team of Military hospital 103 was sent to the Military hospital 121 (of the Military Zone IXth). This report had the following aims: 1. To indicate the signficance of 2 groups of clinical symptoms and radio-craniography in the diagnosis of OHI. 2. To evaluate results after primary surgical management. 3. To evaluate results after surgery with draining pus, necroisis tissues and removeving foreign masters in patients with OHI, sent to the hospital 3 days after trauma
Craniocerebral Trauma ; War ; therapeutics ; surgery ; Wounds and Injuries

The Philippine Journal of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgerypreviously co published two guest editorials, on “Reducing the Risks of Nuclear War— the Role of Health Professionals”¹and “Time to Treat the Climate and Nature Crisis as One Indivisible Global Health Emergency”²that addressed dual potentially catastrophic concerns that both place us “on the brink.”³

By co-publishing these guest editorials, the Philippine Journal of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery joined the call for “health professional associations to inform their members worldwide about the threat to human survival and to join with the International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War (IPPNW) to support efforts to reduce the near-term risks of nuclear war.”¹As enumerated in the editorial,¹we urged three immediate steps that should be taken by nuclear-armed states and their allies: 1) adopt a no first use policy;⁴2) take their nuclear weapons off hair-trigger alert; and 3) urge all states involved in current conflicts to pledge publicly and unequivocally that they will not use nuclear weapons in these conflicts.It is alarming that noprogress has been made on these measures.

Thus, on our 44th Anniversary, we join over 150 scholarly scientific journals worldwide in co-publishing another Guest Editorial on “Ending Nuclear Weapons, Before They End Us.”⁵We call on the World Health Assembly (WHA) to vote this May on re establishing a mandate for the World Health Organization (WHO) to address the consequences of nuclear weapons and war,6and urge health professionals and their associations (including otolaryngologists – head and neck surgeons, all surgeons and physicians, and the Philippine Society of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Philippine College of Surgeons, Philippine College of Physicians,
Philippine Academy of Family Physicians, Philippine Pediatric Society, Philippine Obstetrical and Gynecologic Society, Philippine Society of Anesthesiology, Philippine College of Radiology, Philippine Society of Pathologists, other specialty and subspecialty societies, and the Philippine Medical Association) to urge the Philippine Government to support such a mandate and support the new United Nations (UN) comprehensive study on the effects of nuclear war.⁷

To determine the cause of death of prisoners of war during the Korean War (1950-1953), death certificates or medical records were analyzed. Out of 7,614 deaths, 5,013 (65.8%) were due to infectious diseases. Although dysentery and tuberculosis were the most common infectious diseases, parasitic diseases had caused 14 deaths: paragonimiasis in 5, malaria in 3, amoebiasis in 2, intestinal parasitosis in 2, ascariasis in 1, and schistosomiasis in 1. These results showed that paragonimiasis, malaria, and amoebiasis were the most fatal parasitic diseases during the early 1950s in the Korean Peninsula. Since schistosomiasis is not endemic to Korea, it is likely that the infected private soldier moved from China or Japan to Korea.
Cause of Death ; China ; Human Migration ; Humans ; Japan ; Korea ; Korean War ; Parasitic Diseases/*mortality ; Prisoners of War

The authors reported results of management of warfire craniocerebral abscesses in 53 cases from 1980-1995. The rate of abscess was 16.3%. Retained materials found: bone only 58.49%; both metal and bone: 7.54%; metal only 5.66%; none: 28.30%. Characteristics of abcess: thick capsula: 37.74%; numerous focuses of pus: 15.78%; open abscesses: 50.95%. Organisms found in culture of pus of abscess (23/36 cases: 63.88%) gram positive: 52.17%, gram negative 47.83%). Methods of management: urgent removal of abcess capsula: 71.72%; puncture-aspiration: 1.88% pus drainage: 18.86%; conservative treatment: 4.54%. The overall mortality was 20.76%. The postoperative mortality rate rate was: 13.22%.
diagnosis ; therapeutics ; brain abcess ; Wounds and Injuries ; war ; Social Problems

Daylight Saving Time (DST) is used worldwide and affects millions of people annually. In the most countries, DST begins turning clocks forward by an hour in the spring and backward by an hour in the fall. transition out of DST in the fall increases the available daylight in the morning by one hour. Springtime transition into DST leads to an increase of the available daylight in the evening. During World War I, in an effort to reduce fuel consumption, Germany and England began to practice DST in 1916. Currently, 77 countries and most of OECD adopted DST except Korea, Japan, Iceland. The rationale for Daylight Saving Time (DST) is bolstered by the fact that it increases daylight hours within which the activity a population reaches its peak. Therefore, the effects of transitions into DST to the public health should be further explored, as DST affects millions of people annually and its impacts are still largely unknown. A general perception is that Turning clock forwards (on spring) or backwards (on fall) by one hour would affect our health. In This study, the association between Daylight Saving Time (DST) and health in population was investigated through theoretical and systemic review studies. Since the study was conducted solely on theoretical grounds, further research is needed to assess additional health-related impacts of Daylight Saving Time (DST) and to carry out more specific analysis on population health in Korea. In conclusion, population health is more strongly affected during spring transition into DST than during fall transition out of DST.
England ; Germany ; Iceland ; Japan ; Korea ; Public Health ; World War I

In commemoration of the 50th anniversary since the Korean War, Korean government has initiated a four -year project beginning from the year 2000 to 2003 to excavate the remains of soldier casualties from the Korean War. During the year 2000 -2001 excavation total 555 casualties (minimum number of individual; MNI) are discovered around the southern parts of Korean peninsula. On the basis of the bone remains anthropological researches including the determination of sex, the estimation of age and stature have been carried out. All casualties are determined as male mainly based on the characteristic features of the innominate bone of the pelvis. Estimation of age is gained from 313 individuals. Over 64% of the casualties were estimated between the age 20 -24 years old and almost 20% were between the age 15 -19 years old. From these data, it has been conformed that the majority of soldiers can be classified as being in a young age category Total 270 individuals are examined for estimation of statures. Approximately 68% of the findings were estimated to have been between the height 160 -170 cm in proportion, and almost 14% of findings were below 160 cm tall. Identifying the remains of casualties are carried out by uncovered belongings, taking note of eyewitness accounts, and applying scientific methods. A total of 34 individual names were identified, and among them only four soldiers have been confirmed. 27 are still in the process of verification, and the rest are nearly impossible to identify.
Anniversaries and Special Events ; Humans ; Korean War* ; Male ; Military Personnel ; Pelvis

No abstract available.
Humans ; Korean War* ; MMPI* ; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic* ; Veterans*