1.Pharmacologic Therapy for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Childhood.
Journal of Korean Society of Pediatric Endocrinology 2004;9(1):5-10
No abstract available.
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2*
2.Pathophysiology of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
Journal of Korean Society of Pediatric Endocrinology 2004;9(1):1-4
No abstract available.
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2*
3.Anaemia in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) Patients in Hospital Putrajaya
Subashini Chellappah Thambiah ; Intan Nureslyna Samsudin ; Elizabeth George ; Lydiar Kaur Ranjit ; Nur Syakila Saat ; Zanariah Hussein ; Nurain Mohd Noor ; Masni Mohamad
Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences 2015;11(1):49-62
Patients with diabetes have an earlier onset and increased severity of anaemia compared to those with
similar degree of renal impairment from other causes. Anaemia is associated with an increased risk
of vascular complications. In this study, we determined the prevalence of anaemia in T2DM patients
and its association with sociodemographic, clinical and laboratory parameters in an endocrine tertiary
hospital in Malaysia. This was a cross-sectional study using retrospective electronic data from January
2011 to December 2013 of 165 T2DM patients in Hospital Putrajaya. Data was analysed using IBM
SPSS Statistics version 21.0 for Windows. The prevalence of anaemia was 39.4% and majority had
normocytic normochromic (80%), mild (58.5%) anaemia. Majority were Malays (73.9%), aged below
60 with comparable gender percentage and long-standing, poorly-controlled DM [median fasting blood
sugar (FBS) 8mmol/L; glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) 7.9%]. Using the KDIGO chronic kidney disease
(CKD) staging system, 86% of these patients were in stages 3-5. Anaemic patients had a significantly
higher serum urea, creatinine and a lower FBS, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) compared to
non-anaemic patients. Anaemic patients with diabetic nephropathy had a significantly lower haemoglobin
(Hb) compared to those without this complication (p=0.022). The sensitivity and specificity at a cut-off
eGFR value of 38.3 ml/min/1.73 m2 (maximum Youden index = 0.462) was 66.7% and 79.5%, respectively
to discriminate mild from moderate anaemia. This study shows that anaemia is already present in T2DM
patients in Hospital Putrajaya at initial presentation to the specialist outpatient clinic and is significantly
associated with CKD. Hence, it emphasises the obligatory need for routine and follow-up full blood
count monitoring in T2DM patients in primary care as well as tertiary settings in Malaysia to enable
early detection and aggressive correction of anaemia in preventing further complications.
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2
4.Awareness of Glycosylated Haemoglobin (HbA1c) Among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients in Hospital Putrajaya
Intan Nureslyna Samsudin ; Subashini C. Thambiah ; Wan Mohamad Asyraf Wan Mohammed Ayub ; Ng Wan Cheng ; Zanariah Hussein ; Nurain Mohd Noor ; Masni Mohamad ; Elizabeth George
Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences 2015;11(2):1-8
The glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) test is the most widely accepted laboratory test for evaluating
long term glycaemic control. Patient’s understanding of HbA1c can lead to better glycaemic control.
This study is aimed to determine the awareness and level of understanding of HbA1c among type 2 DM
patients and its association with glycaemic control. A cross-sectional descriptive study among Type 2
DM patients undergoing routine follow up in an endocrine clinic of a tertiary centre in Malaysia. Patients
were invited to answer a validated questionnaire which assessed their awareness and understanding of
HbA1c. Their last HbA1c results were retrieved from the laboratory information system. A total of
92 participants were recruited. Fifty-six (60.9%) were aware of the term HbA1c. Fifty percent were
categorised as having good HbA1c understanding, with age, monthly income and level of education
being the factors associated with understanding. No significant association was noted between HbA1c
understanding and glycaemic control, although more patients with good HbA1c understanding had
achieved the target glycaemic control compared to those with poor understanding. The level of HbA1c
awareness and understanding was acceptable. Factors associated with understanding were age, income
and level of education. Continuing efforts however, must be made to improve patients understanding of
their disease and clinical disease biomarkers.
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2
5.DiabCare 2013: A cross-sectional study of hospital based diabetes care delivery and prevention of diabetes related complications in Malaysia
Mafauzy Mohamed ; Zanariah Hussein ; Avideh Nazeri ; Siew Pheng Chan
The Medical Journal of Malaysia 2016;71(4):177-185
Aims: The aim of the study was to re-evaluate the
relationship between hospital based diabetes care delivery
and prevention of complications.
Methods: DiabCare is an observational, non-interventional,
cross-sectional study of hospital-based outpatient diabetes
care.
Results: A total of 1668 patients participated in the study:
mean age 57.8 ± 11.0 years, duration of diabetes 13.0 ± 8.6
years, and duration of insulin treatment 5.6 ± 5.5 years. Mean
weight was 74.3 ± 16.6 kg (BMI 29.1 ± 5.8 kg/m2). The
majority of patients were female (53.6%) and the largest
ethnic group was Malay (51.3%), followed by Indian (21.9%)
and Chinese (20.1%). The percentage of patients with HbA1c
< 6.5% (< 42 mmol/mol) and < 7.0% (< 53 mmol/mol) was
12.2% and 23.8%, respectively (mean HbA1c 8.52 ± 2.01% [70
± 22 mmol/mol]). The proportion of patients using insulin
was 65% at a total daily dose of 60 ± 37 IU. One or more
episodes of hypoglycaemia were reported by 39% (n=658) of
patients within the previous three months. The risk of any
hypoglycaemia was associated with the use of insulin (odds
ratio [OR 3.26, 95% CI 2.59–4.09]), and total daily insulin
dose (OR 1.04, 95% CI 1.01–1.07 per 10 IU increase). Mean
HbA1c had not changed significantly between DiabCare
cohorts 2008 and 2013 (p=0.08).
Conclusions: Despite evidence of improving processes of
diabetes care, glycaemic control and the prevalence of many
diabetes related complications were unchanged.
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2
6.Effect of Glipizide(Digrin@) in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
Kyong Soo PARK ; Jae Hoon JUNG ; Kyung Soo KO ; Sung Kwan HONG ; Seong Yeon KIM ; Hong Kyu LEE ; Chang Soon KOH ; Hun Ki MIN
Journal of the Korean Diabetes Association 1991;15(1):103-107
No abstract available.
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2
7.Risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus among college students enrolled in Quezon City: A descriptive, cross-sectional study
Isaiah Kentz L. Calica ; Roman Carlos R. Calingo ; Luz Carissa E. Canlas ; Maria Angelou D. Cantal ; Pamela M. Comia ; Joey Brianne C. Concepcion ; Hugh Marcel V. Cruz ; Jeanne Elaine T. Cruz ; Karla B. Cuerpo ; Araceli A. Panelo
Health Sciences Journal 2024;13(1):10-17
Introduction:
In 2021, the International Diabetes Federation, reported 536 million people with diabetes, mainly from countries with lower income.
Methods:
A cross-sectional descriptive study was employed using the Finnish Diabetes Risk Score (FINDRISC), a validated questionnaire which determines the risk of developing diabetes. The questionnaire was conducted online to be accomplished by students enrolled in universities located in Quezon City.
Results:
Among the 178 college students in Quezon City, with average age of 20 years old, 28.1% are
at risk of developing T2DM. The factors contributing to the risk were: (1) Lack of physical activity of at
least 30 minutes a day (51.7%); (2) lack of daily intake of vegetables and fruits or berries (52.8%); and
(3) family history of DM (74.7%).
Conclusion
The study found that one in every four college students in Quezon City is at risk of developing
T2DM in the next ten years.
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2
8.Efficacy and safety of Bromocriptine-QR as an adjunctive therapy on glycemic control in subjects with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes mellitus:A systematic review and meta-analysis
Theo Audi Yanto ; Charista Lydia Budiputri ; Michelle Patricia Muljono ; Shally Chandra
Journal of the ASEAN Federation of Endocrine Societies 2024;39(1):95-105
Introduction:
There has been an increasing awareness of the effects of combining bromocriptine-QR with other medications for diabetes mellitus type 2. This study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of bromocriptine-QR as an adjunctive therapy for patients with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Methodology:
This systematic review is registered at the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (CRD42022360326). Literature search was done via MEDLINE, NCBI, Google Scholar, Science Direct, Europe PMC and Cochrane Library databases. We included randomized controlled trials with participants 18 years old and above with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes mellitus. The primary outcome of interest is the efficacy and safety of bromocriptine-QR as an adjunctive therapy for glycemic control. Case reports, case series, reviews and animal studies were excluded. The risk of bias was reviewed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool. Meta-analysis was performed using Review Manager 5.4 and presented as a weighted mean difference and 95% confidence interval for changes from the baseline level.
Results:
Nine studies were included in the systematic review with a total of 2709 participants. The baseline HbA1c in the bromocriptine-QR group was 7.42% and 7.51% in the control group. The bromocriptine-QR group was favoured, outperforming the control group in terms of reducing hemoglobin A1c(HbA1c), with a statistically significant difference (weighted mean difference -0.6%; 95% CI [-0.83,-0.36]; p<0.00001). The most common side effects were nausea (33.75% vs 6.92%), fatigue (13.11% vs 5.94%), and headache (11.17% vs 6.87%).
Conclusion
Administration of bromocriptine-QR at a dose range of 1.6 to 4.8 mg/day as an adjunctive therapy reduced HbA1c and FBG in patients with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, there were also statistically greater odds of the occurrence of adverse events such as nausea, vomiting, and headache compared to controls.
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2
9.The Effect of DPP4 Inhibitor on Glycemic Variability in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes treated with twice-daily Premixed Human Insulin
Florence Hui Sieng Tan ; Chin Voon Tong ; Xun Ting Tiong ; Bik Kui Lau ; Yueh Chien Kuan ; Huai Heng Loh ; Saravanan A/L Vengadesa Pillai
Journal of the ASEAN Federation of Endocrine Societies 2021;36(2):167-171
Objective:
To evaluate the effect of adding DPP4 inhibitor (DPP4-i) on glycemic variability (GV) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) treated with premixed human insulin (MHI).
Methodology:
We conducted a prospective study in patients with T2DM on twice-daily MHI with or without metformin therapy. Blinded continuous glucose monitoring was performed at baseline and following 6 weeks of Vildagliptin therapy.
Results:
Twelve patients with mean (SD) age of 55.8 (13.1) years and duration of disease of 14.0 (6.6) years were recruited. The addition of Vildagliptin significantly reduced GV indices (mmol/L): SD from 2.73 (IQR 2.12-3.66) to 2.11 (1.76-2.55), p=0.015; mean amplitude of glycemic excursions (MAGE) 6.94(2.61) to 5.72 (1.87), p=0.018 and CV 34.05 (8.76) to 28.19 (5.36), p=0.010. In addition, % time in range (3.9-10 mmol/l) improved from 61.17 (20.50) to 79.67 (15.33)%, p=0.001; % time above range reduced from 32.92 (23.99) to 18.50 (15.62)%, p=0.016; with reduction in AUC for hyperglycemia from 1.24 (1.31) to 0.47 (0.71) mmol/day, p=0.015. Hypoglycemic events were infrequent and the reduction in time below range and AUC for hypoglycemia did not reach statistical significance.
Conclusion
The addition of DPP4-I to commonly prescribed twice-daily MHI in patients with T2DM improves GV and warrants further exploration.
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2
10.Prevalence of Bacterial Urinary Tract Infection among patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus on Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitors:A prospective real-world setting study
Pankaj Ferwani ; Aasim Maldar ; Nishitkumar Shah ; Phulrenu Chauhan ; Manoj Chadha
Journal of the ASEAN Federation of Endocrine Societies 2022;37(2):5-8
Background:
Genitourinary tract infections, mycotic as well as bacterial, as defined by clinical symptoms, are one of the common adverse effects associated with the use of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients in clinical trials. However, Indian data in terms of the prevalence of culture-proven bacterial type of urinary tract infection (UTI), and the causative organism is limited.
Objective:
This study aimed to determine the prevalence and causative agents of bacterial UTI among patients with T2DM on SGLT2i.
Methodology:
This was a prospective longitudinal study involving all patients with T2DM who were prescribed with SGLT2i, uncontrolled on other oral anti-diabetic medications, from June 2019 to February 2020. Prevalence of bacterial UTI was evaluated at baseline and 12 weeks after initiation of SGLT2i.
Results:
A total of 80 patients were started on SGLT2i. One female patient on canagliflozin had significant asymptomatic bacteriuria and the causative agent was Acinetobacter baumannii. One male patient on dapagliflozin had symptomatic UTI with negative urine culture study. Four patients developed genital mycotic infection.
Conclusion
In this real-world study, SGLT2i as a class, was well tolerated with favorable safety profile, and risk of developing significant bacteriuria and/or symptomatic UTI was minimal.
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2