OBJECTIVETo optimize the hydrolysis process of linarin by response surface methodology, and to use the model of aldose reductase to study the acacetin's activity of aldose reductase inhibitory.

METHODThe model of acacetin enzyme in vitro was established by the determination of fluorescence absorption of NADPH, the inhibition rate of acacetin aldose reductase was calculated, and then the IC50 of hydrolysis was obtained. The hydrolysis process of linarin hydrolysis condition was optimized by using response surface method.

RESULTThe results indicated that the IC50 of acacetin (2.74 mg x L(-1)) was less than the IC50 of linarin (3.53 mg x L(-1)). Hydrolyzation time of 7.4 h, sulphuric acid concentration of 0.54 mol x L(-1) and the ratio of material to liquid of 3 : 1 were the optimum conditions.

CONCLUSIONHydrolyzate acacetin has preferable inhibitory activity of aldose reductase. The optimized hydrolysis condition of linarin is convenient to use with good predictability.

Aldehyde Reductase ; antagonists & inhibitors ; metabolism ; Animals ; Diabetic Retinopathy ; enzymology ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Enzyme Inhibitors ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Flavones ; chemistry ; Glycosides ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Glycosylation ; Humans ; Hydrolysis ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Retina ; enzymology

Objective: To study the relationship between the patient satisfaction with complete denture and the pain perception threshold (PPT) of alveolar ridge mucosa. Methods: Forty-five edentulous patients with complete denture were investigated with the questionnaire of patient satisfaction, PPT of alveolar ridge mucosa in the patients was measured with a pressure algometer. Results: No difference was found in the PPT of alveolar ridge mucosa between the left and the right side. The PPT was found to be higher in maxillary site than in mandibular side(P

The study of secondary development of major Chinese materia medica varieties is the important content of Chinese materia medica (CMM) innovation research, and it is also the important approach of inheriting and developing traditional Chinese medine (TCM) theory and breaking the bottleneck restricting of the development of TCM theory and CMM industry. In this paper, the secondary development of Shufeng Jiedu Capsule (SJC) was systematically studied. The chemical components of SJC were elucidated by the identification and characterization of herbs, SJC and components ingested into the blood. The main effective components were further screened and cleared by integrating UPLC-Q/TOF-MS, NF-κB double luciferase reporter gene system, binding experiments of G protein coupled receptors, network pharmacology analysis, and spectrum-efficiency screening method. Based on the traditional efficacy, the mechanism of SJC was explained in terms of anti-inflammatory immunity, antipyretic effect, pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of the main components based on the methods of animal model and genomics. The formula features, compatibility regularity were clarified and the action properties, comparative advantages and core clinical value were found and refined by the research of decomposed recipes and the comparison with the similar CMM recipes and chemical drugs. The quality control systems of SJC and related herbs were established by content determination of multi-target ingredients and multi-batch samples, and the establishment of the characteristic mode of HPLC fingerprint. The original quality standards were promoted comprehensively to ensure the uniformity, stability and controllability of product quality. This study not only provided important theoretical and experimental basis for clinical application and guidance of clinical practice, but also provided research ideas and modes for the secondary development of other major CMM varieties.

The quality of Chinese materia medica (CMM) is the lifeline of Chinese medicine industry. However, many problems are still found in the quality study on CMM, which restricts the healthy development of Chinese medicine industry to a certain extent. Aiming at the problems existing in the quality research on CMM, the research idea, method and approach of quality marker research and quality evaluation of CMM were put forward based on systematic analysis and discussion on the basic properties and clinical features of CMM according to the core concept of quality marker and the combination of research practice, from the perspective of transmission and traceability of quality elements, the relationship between chemical composition and traditional efficacy containing "drug property" and "drug function", composition analysis of endemicity based on pharmacophylogenetic study and biosynthetic approach. Finally, a new integrated mode of CMM quality evaluation and control was established.

The pharmacodynamic material basis of Shufeng Jiedu Capsule (SJC) was identified and the mechanism was explained. Ninety-four compounds were identified in SJC and 10 compounds were determined to be the anti-inflammatory ingredients by screening experiments. The mechanism of multi-component, multi-targets, and multi-pathways of SJC which provided a theoretical and experimental basis for the standards of quality control and the clinical application was elucidated by in vivo experiments, network pharmacology, and genomics.

The idea and model of quality research on traditional Chinese medicinal materials and compound Chinese materia medica were established and this method was applied to systematical promoting the quality standard of raw herbal materials and preparation of Shufeng Jiedu Capsule (SJC). The chemical components from Polygoni Cuspidati Rhizoma et Radix, Forsythiae Fructus, Isatidis Radix, Bupleuri Radix, Patriniae cum Radice Herba, Verbenae Herba, Phragmitis Rhizoma, and Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma were identified and 184 compounds were determined. The fingerprints of the eight medicinal materials were established, 10 compounds were identified as the anti-inflammatory substance of SJC by studying the correlation between chemical components and their anti-inflammation effect. The methods of multi-component determination and fingerprint controlling have been established and the quality standard of SJC has been improved comprehensively.

Theory on five tastes of Chinese materia medica is systematically analyzed and identified in the concept on five tastes and correlation between five tastes and four properties, channel tropism, ascending, and descending, floating and sinking, function and clinical compatibility. In this paper, based-bionic model was combining with chemical analysis tools, receptor theory, biological responses, model evaluation, and pharmacokinetic methods to study five tastes and four properties, meridian and functions, and to propose modernization of chemical-biological characterization pathway. Finally, authors explore the idea and method research on medicine taste and property according to systems theory and reductionist.

To study the secondary development of major Chinese materia medica (CMM) varieties is the important content of CMM innovation research, and it is also the important approach of inheriting and developing traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) theory and breaking the bottleneck restricting the development of TCM theory and CMM industry development. In this paper, the secondary development of Liujing Toutong Tablets (LTT) was systematically studied. The chemical components of LTT were elucidated by identification and characterization of herbs, LTT and components ingested into the blood. The main effective components were further screened and cleared by binding experiments of G protein coupled receptors and network pharmacology analysis. The mechanism of LTT was explained by the studies of animal models, isolated organs, cells, functional receptors, and network pharmacology related with headache. The formula features, compatibility regularity were clarified and the action properties, comparative advantages and core clinical value were found and refined by the research of decomposed recipes and the comparison with the similar CMM recipes and chemical drugs. The quality control systems of LTT and related herbs were established by systematic research of identification and characterization of chemical components, the LTT chemical information herbal source, content determination of multi-target ingredients, establishment of the characteristic mode of HPLC fingerprint, sample determination of multiple batches. The original quality standards were promoted comprehensively ensuring the uniformity, stability and controllability of product quality. This study not only provided important theoretical and experimental basis for clinical application and guiding clinical practice, but also provided research ideas and modes for the secondary development of other major CMM.

Based on entirety visual angle, the quality recognization of Chinese materia medica (CMM) was discussed in three aspects including material medica attributes, biological connotation and chemical substance. Through empirical studies, investigative technique method and systemic appreciation system of quality control of CMM were suggested from determination of species and habitat-field and intra-field sampling-locus sampling-determination of effective parts-material basis research of effective parts-metabolism research of active constituents-quality evaluation and determination of quality control index-sample processing method-analysis and testing method-data sorting method-quality evaluating method. The technical methods and evaluation system of CMM quality could be constructed.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Carbon Monoxide Poisoning ; blood ; diagnosis ; Female ; Humans ; Lactic Acid ; blood ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prognosis ; Young Adult