Child ; Chondrosarcoma, Mesenchymal ; diagnosis ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Humans ; Male ; Pelvic Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Treatment Outcome

Objective To investigate whether arsenic trioxide(As2O3)with different density is capable of affecting the invasiveness of neuroblastoma(NB)cells,and to give grounds for NB therapy with As2O3.Methods 1.Well-developed NB cells were selected and exposed to 0.75 ?mol/L,1.50 ?mol/L,3.0 ?mol/L As2O3 for 24 h;2.Collect the adherence cells,count the number and float them in nutrient medium again,add them into the transwell polycarbonate membrane plate that was covered by matrigel,there were 2?104 NB cells in each well;3.After 24 h,take off the membrane,fix the cells which cross the membrane with mehanol and dye them with hematoxylin;4.Observe the NB cells and count them,so the capability of invasion of LA-N-5 was evaluated by transwell chamber assay.Results After 24 h with the different density As2O3,the number of invading LA-N-5 cells was significantly lower in As2O3 group than that in control group(the number of invading cells of the As2O3 group was 28.0?4.0,19.33?4.16,6.33?1.53,respectively,the cell number of the control group was 46.33?6.11)(P=0.013,0.003,0);among the experiment groups,there was no difference between 0.75 ?mol/L and 1.50 ?mol/L(P=0.06),and it was significantly different between 0.75 ?mol/L and 3.0 ?mol/L,1.50 ?mol/L and 3.0 ?mol/L(P=0,0.007),the number of invading LA-N-5 cells of 3.0 ?mol/L As2O3 was the least.Conclusions As2O3 could inhibit the invasive potential of NB cells;the inhibitory action of 3.0 ?mol/L As2O3 is the most.

The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical, pathological and biological features of acute megakaryoblastic leukemia in childhood. The morphology of cells was observed by means of bone marrow smear; the immunophenotype was detected by flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry assay. The results indicated that the fever, hemorrhage, hepatosplenomegaly and lymphadenopathy in this case were the primary presentations accompanying by leukocytosis, anemia and thrombocytopenia. An adequate marrow aspirate could not be obtained. At the time of diagnosis, the bone marrow had more than 30% megakaryoblasts in nucleated cells. Flow cytometric analysis revealed the dual expression of CD41 and CD61 by tumor cells in bone marrow. The histopathological examination of bone marrow demonstrated infiltration of large-sized CD42b(+) cells. According to all above mentioned results, this case was diagnosed as acute megakaryoblastic leukemia. In conclusion, childhood acute megakaryoblastic leukemia is a rare and easily misdiagnosed disease with poor prognosis. Flow cytometry analysis and immunohistochemistry assay of bone marrow can help in detecting this leukemia subtype and evaluating its prognosis.
Bone Marrow Cells ; immunology ; pathology ; Female ; Flow Cytometry ; Humans ; Infant ; Leukemia, Megakaryoblastic, Acute ; diagnosis ; immunology ; pathology ; Platelet Glycoprotein GPIb-IX Complex ; immunology

So far treatment of advanced neuroblastoma is still difficult, due to its high malignancy. Currently comprehensive therapies, including high-dose multi-drug chemotherapy, surgery, stem cell transplantation, radiation, biological therapy and immune therapy as well as target therapy dominant the treatment of this disease, and we hereby introduce the latest development of treatment protocols for this disease.
Combined Modality Therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; therapy ; Neuroblastoma ; therapy

Adolescent ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ; therapeutic use ; Carcinoma, Small Cell ; diagnosis ; drug therapy ; Child ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Diagnostic Errors ; Humans ; Male ; Neuroectodermal Tumors, Primitive, Peripheral ; diagnosis ; drug therapy ; therapy ; Prognosis ; Thoracic Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; drug therapy ; Treatment Outcome ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary ; diagnosis

Child, Preschool ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11 ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney Neoplasms ; genetics ; Ring Chromosomes ; Wilms Tumor ; genetics

Adolescent ; Anemia, Aplastic ; complications ; Humans ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute ; etiology ; Male

A series of receptors expressed in the surface of tumor cells, which are able to mediate internalizing effect by specially connecting with corresponding ligands. These receptors are potential targets for drugs combined with conjugates. So the drug-conjugate compounds can be targeted delivery to tumor cells. The folate receptor is a promising target because of its marrow tissue specificity, its overexpression in malignant tissues, especially in myeloid leukemic cells, and its ability to bind and internalize folic acid conjugates. It is a promising potential method to apply folate receptor in the receptor-mediated targeting therapy of leukemic cells. In this review, the biological features of folate receptor, its chromosome location and its interaction with ligands, the distribution characteristics of folate receptor in normal and tumor tissues, especially in myeloid leukemic cells, and progress of research on folate receptor mediated targeting tumor cells, especially leukemic cells were summarized.
Antineoplastic Agents ; administration & dosage ; Carrier Proteins ; metabolism ; Drug Delivery Systems ; methods ; Folate Receptors, GPI-Anchored ; Folic Acid ; metabolism ; Humans ; Leukemia ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; pathology ; Receptors, Cell Surface ; metabolism ; Tretinoin ; administration & dosage ; Tumor Cells, Cultured

To explore the clinical and pathological characteristics of hepatosplenic gammadelta T-cell lymphoma and its relationship with Epstein-Barr virus infection, the clinical features of a 9-year-old girl with hepatosplenic gammadelta T-cell lymphoma were investigated, the smears of bone marrow was stained with Wright' s stain, biopsies of bone marrow and liver specimen were embedded in plastic and sliced about 4 microm in thickness and routinely stained with HE staining, the immunohistochemical staining was used to mark the tumor cells, and EBER probes were used to detect Epstein-Barr virus RNA. The results showed that the girl presented with prolonged fever, anemia, thrombocytopenia, hepatosplenomegaly, chronic active Epstein-Barr virus infection, and elevated levels of serum ferritin and lactate dehydrogenase. Bone marrow aspirate revealed the infiltration of atypical lymphocytes in the bone marrow stroma. The liver biopsy specimen revealed the infiltration of lymphocytes in the sinusoids, which was positive for the T-cell associated marker CD3 and activated cytotoxicity-associated marker granzyme B. In-situ hybridization analysis with EBER probes revealed that the above-mentioned characteristics were negative in neoplastic cells. It is concluded that hepatosplenic gammadelta T-cell lymphoma is a disease with distinctive clinical, histopathologic, and phenotypic characteristics. Hepatic and/or splenic and/or bone marrow biopsy with combined phenotype is beneficial to diagnosis. Epstein-Barr virus infection is late event involving an already transformed gammadelta T-cell clone.
Child ; Epstein-Barr Virus Infections ; complications ; Female ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; pathology ; virology ; Lymphoma, T-Cell, Peripheral ; diagnosis ; pathology ; virology ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta ; analysis ; Splenic Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; pathology ; virology

OBJECTIVETo study the treatment and outcome of childhood endodermal sinus tumor.

METHODSThe clinical data of twelve children with endodermal sinus tumor between April 2000 and July 2013 were reviewed. The basic demographics, stages of the lesion and the treatment outcome were analyzed. Of the twelve patients, seven were boys and five were girls. The age of the disease onset was between 1 and 3.3 years, except one in 11 years. Two patients were in Brodeur Stage I, four in Stage II, two in Stage III, and four in Stage IV. One patient underwent surgery alone, one underwent surgery plus a combination therapy with vincristine, actinomycin and cyclophosphamide (VAC), and the other ten were treated by surgery with the use of cisplatin, etoposide and bleomycin (PEB) before or after the operation.

RESULTSEleven patients were successfully followed up and ten were alive. The length of survival was 4.5 to 66 months in the 10 patients. In the 10 patients treated with PEB before or after surgery, 8 achieved complete remission, one achieved partial remission and one was not followed up. The major complications associated with the PEB regimen included myelosuppression and gastrointestinal upset symptoms and no late toxicity was observed.

CONCLUSIONSPreoperative or postoperative administration of PEB may be an effective and safe management modality for childhood endodermal sinus tumor. Nevertheless, further validation is warranted in prospective studies involving a larger sample size.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ; therapeutic use ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Endodermal Sinus Tumor ; mortality ; pathology ; therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Neoplasm Staging ; alpha-Fetoproteins ; analysis