Objectives To observe the co-activation phenomenon during exercise fatigue induced by the proximal muscles on the upper limbs.Methods Sixteen undergraduates not majoring in sports participated in this study,and their left arms were chosen as the observed arms and right arms were selected as the weighted arms.The weighted arm was alternatively in the state of relaxation without any load and fatigue after bending and extending elbow joints to uphold a 5 kg dumbbell.However,the observed arm kept weighing a 4 kg dumbbell with 90 degrees elbow flexion until the muscles were exhausted.The surface electromyography of biceps brachii and triceps brachii of the observed arms was measured using the ME6000.And the integrated surface electromyography (IEMG),root of mean square (RMS),mean power frequency (MPF)and median frequency (MF)were further analyzed.Results The IEMG and RMS of biceps brachii and triceps brachii of the observed arms increased gradually after the exercise began (P＜0.05)regardless of in the relaxed state or in the in the state of weighing a 5 kg dumbbell for the weighted arm,but in the state of weighting a 5 kg dumbbell the IEMG and RMS increased more significantly (P＜0.01),Meanwhile the electrical activities of the triceps brachii as an antagonistic muscle were intensively inhibited.The changes of MPF and MF of biceps brachii in the observed arms were more significant in the state of exercise fatigue than in the relaxed state (P＜0.01),but without such an impact on the triceps brachii.Conclusions The fatigue in one arm can trigger contingent changes in sEMG time domain and frequency domain indexes of its contralateral parallel muscles,suggesting that sEMG changes of upper limb proximal muscles have the co-activation effect.

Incidence and mortality of colorectal cancer has increased significantly in recent years. Screening for colorectal cancer is the most effective method to decrease mortality. Colorectal adenoma is the precancerous lesion of colorectal cancer and can be detected through colonoscopy, which is the crucial in the early diagnosis and early treatment for colorectal cancer. The first step of screening is the selection of target population and the second step is colorectal examination. The selection of candidate for screening has direct effect on the efficacy of screening. The methods in common use include fecal occult blood test, questionnaire for high risk factors of colorectal cancer, colonoscopy, sigmoidoscopy, and CT virtual colonoscopy. Among those, colonoscopy is the most reliable method and widely used in the screening for colorectal cancer.
China ; Colonoscopy ; Colorectal Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; Early Detection of Cancer ; methods ; Humans ; Mass Screening ; methods ; Occult Blood

ObjectiveTo compare of the thickness of left ventricular wall of Ang Ⅱ induced cardiac hypertrophy model in both TR3 konock-out C57BL/6 mice (TR3-/- mice) and wild type C57BL/6 mice (TR3+/+ mice) by high frequency ultrasound,combined with experimental research to discuss if TR3 take part in the process of cardiac hypertrophy.Methods26 TR3 -/- mice and 33 TR3 +/+ mice were randomized to 2 groups respectively:TR3+/+ + AngⅡ group (27 mice),TR3+/+ + PBS group(6 mice),TR3-/- + Ang Ⅱ group(20 mice),TR3-/- + PBS group(6 mice).Micro-pumps with AngⅡ or PBS were placed into the subcutaneous tissue of mice to construct hypertension model in 4 weeks.Interventricular septum enddiastolic thickness (IVSd) and left ventricular posterior wall end-diastolic thickness (LVPWd) were measured by echocardiography 2 days before operation and every week after operation until 4 weeks.Then,mice were killed and mice cardiomyocytes were isolated and detected in lab (HE dyeing test,Western blotting).Results①Echocardiography:before operation,IVSd and LVPWd was not statistically different between TR3+/+ group and TR3-/- group( P ＞0.05).1 - 2 weeks after operation,IVSd and LVPWd had peaked in both TR3-/- + Ang Ⅱ group and TR3 +/+ + Ang Ⅱ group,IVSd and LVPWd in TR3 +/+ + Ang Ⅱgroup were significantly thicker than control group (TR3 +/+ + PBS group) ( P ＜0.05),IVSd and LVPWd in TR3-/-+ AngⅡ group were slightly thicker than control group (TR3-/- + PBS group) ( P ＜0.05).Compared with TR3-/- + Ang Ⅱ group,IVSd and LVPWd in TR3+/+ + Ang Ⅱ group were markedly increased( P ＜0.05).After 4 weeks operation,IVSd and LVPWd of all 4 groups were not statistically different than that in the 2nd week.②HE dyeing test:The cell size of cardiomyocytes in TR3+/+ mice increased significantly after Ang Ⅱ treatment,while TR3-/- mice did not.③ Western blotting:Ang Ⅱ promoted TR3 expressions in TR3 +/+ mice( P ＜0.05).ConclusionsTR3 do take part in the process of Ang Ⅱ induced cardiac hypertrophy in mice and it is a key factor in this process.

Vitamin D is a group of steroid hormones.Studies in recent years have shown that vitamin D is associated with the incidence of cerebral infarction,the severity of infarction,and functional outcome.In addition to the indirect effect of vascular risk factors,vitamin D may also play the direct protective effect by inhibiting inflammation and oxidative stress after cerebral infarction.

TED-Med Viewing, Listening&Speaking is compiled to serve academic audio-visual-oral English teaching in medical colleges. This paper elaborates some compilation ideas concerning this text-book. First, both the urgent needs of academic English teaching and the unique advantages of TED speech are the major stimulus to compiling this textbook. Second, its compiling philosophy adheres to learning centered, meaningful input. Third, compiling process is divided into three stages-preparation, writing and evaluation. Third, compiling principles includes four aspects: language and medical knowledge integrate
organically, the text and the task are authentic; proficiency training approaches are scientific; and the text-book is suitable for autonomous learning. Forth, the main content covers four medicine-related themes-humanity, health, disease, science and technology; each theme consists of three sub topics with 12 units (topics) in total; the content is interesting, informative and reflective. These compilation ideas prove to be scientific and feasible demonstrated by English teachers and medical experts. TED-Med Viewing, Listening&Speaking is expected to be completed and published earlier in order to promote academic English teach-ing and research in medical colleges.

Objective To study the clinical efficacy of fondaparinux sodium in the treat of deep vein thromboembolism after the surgery on lower limbs.Methods 83 cases of patients with lower extremity surgery from Jan 2013 to May 2015,were randomly divided into experimental group(42 cases) and control group(41 cases),the patients in experimental group were injected subcutaneously with fondaparinux sodium 2.5 mg,one time a day,for five days and the patients of control group administrated orally with rivaroxaban 10 mg, one time a day, for five days.All patients accepted the ultrasonic examination by Doppler’ s method before the experiment, seven days and one month later after the experiment.The occurrence of deep vein thromboembolism of all patients was counted,including Proximal thrombosis,Distal thrombosis and Total venous thrombosis,and recorded the occurrence of adverse reaction-subcutaneous hemorrhage.Results One case(2.38%)of deep vein thrombosis was appeared in the experimental group,and that was significantly lower than that of the control group seven case ( 17.07%, P <0.05 ) .Meanwhile, there was no patient observed adverse reaction in experimental group, while two cases were observed in control group ( P <0.05 ) .Conclusion Fondaparinux showed better clinical efficacy than rivaoxaban,and caused fewer adverse reaction.We can conclude that it is safe and effective for the treatment of deep vein thrombosis in patients accepting the lower limbs surgery.

Unlike modern large differences between Chinese and Western medicine , in the early stage of hu-man development , the ancient Greek medicine and ancient Chinese medicine during their exploration has a remark-ably consistent .They all represent the most wisdom philosophy , and good tradition a doctor should have , and thus formed the medical ethics that affect later generations .We can see segment of a whole from the theoretical system between the earliest Chinese medical Inner Canon of Yellow Emperor which formed in the spring and autumn period and the warring states period and Hippocratic Corpus which is on behalf of the 5th century BC to the 2nd century BC, the ancient Greek medicine highest achievement .But since then , Chinese traditional medicine and Western medicine have achieved the last collision , And around the second century AD completely broke ranks .We have to seek the origins from the two kinds of heterogeneous soil China and ancient Greece .Research of the relationship be-tween the period of medicine and philosophy can help us find beneficial enlightenment for the difference .

Objective To explore the clinical efficacy of tirofiban in treatment of patients with high-risk non-ST-segment elevation of acute coronary syndrome (NSTE ACS),in order to improve the level of treatment effect. Methods 90 cases with high-risk NSTE ACS from January 2011 to April 2013 were randomly divided into control group and observation group. The control group were received treatments of conventional aspirin,clopidogrel, anticoagulation,coronary angiography (CAG)and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI),while the observation group were added tirofiban therapy an the basis of control group. After the treatment,the differences of cardiovascular adverse events,thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI)flow grade and complications in both two group were observed and compared. Results There were significant differences in major adverse cardiovascular events in the distal vascular blockage,surgery without reflux,recurrent angina and myocardial infarction and post-PCI TIMI flow grade 2 and 3 (P<0.05),but not in bleeding complications,TIMI flow grade 0 and 1 before and after PCI treatment. Conclusion Tirofiban is safe and effective in treatment of high-risk NSTE ACS in interventional procedures. It can improve TIMI flow, increase tissue perfusion and reduce postoperative complications.

Long non-coding RNA(lncRNA) is a group of functional RNA molecules, which is more than 200 nucleotides in length and lacks ability of encoding protein. The current study indicates that the abnormal expression of lncRNA is closely related with breast cancer progression. Some lncRNA takes part in regulating the process of breast cancer invasion and metastasis. This article reviews the abnormal expression of lncRNA in breast cancer and the relevance with breast cancer invasion and metastasis, which is expected to provide new strategy for breast cancer diagnosis and treatment.

In recent years,the incidence of colorectal polyps and colorectal carcinoma showed a trend to increase gradually. Statistical analysis demonstrated that 80% of colorectal carcinoma were developed from colorectal adenoma,and adenomatous polyps accounted for 1 / 2-1 / 3 of colorectal polyps. Endoscopy is the golden standard for examining intestinal lesions,yet it is not completely correct and certain missed diagnosis has occurred. Factors causing missed diagnosis of colonoscopy include lesion factors and non-lesion factors. This article reviewed the advances in studies on missed diagnosis of intestinal polyps and related factors in colonoscopic examination.