This manual details how to write a case report that uses the biopsychosocial approach in understanding and analyzing a patient’s disease in the context of the family in crisis. It begins by describing the illness characteristics of the index patient - the onset, course, prognosis, and family illness trajectory. The family structure and dynamics are then identified using various family assessment tools such as genogram, APGAR, SCREEM-RES, lifeline, family map, etc. Lastly, the physician formulates a family diagnosis: the presence of alliances and coalitions, the family’s strengths and coping mechanisms, how they adapt to the changes brought by the illness, etc. These data help the physician effectively engage the family as a source of support for the management of illness.

The latest measure of the relative evolutionary age of protein structure families was applied (based on taxonomic diversity) using the protein structural interactome map (PSIMAP). It confirms that, in general, protein domains, which are hubs in this interaction network, are older than protein domains with fewer interaction partners. We apply a hypothesis of 'biological network evolution' to explain the positive correlation between interaction and age. It agrees to the previous suggestions that proteins have acquired an increasing number of interaction partners over time via the stepwise addition of new interactions. This hypothesis is shown to be consistent with the scale-free interaction network topologies proposed by other groups. Closely co-evolved structural interaction and the dynamics of network evolution are used to explain the highly conserved core of protein interaction pathways, which exist across all divisions of life.
Humans ; Protein Structure, Tertiary

In a continuing search for biological natural products with structure diversity from traditional Chinese herbs, five new sesquineolignans (1-5) were isolated from an ethyl acetate extract of the twigs of Litsea cubeba. Their structures were elucidated based on MS, 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic data, as well as experimental electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectra. Compounds 1-5 showed moderate inhibitory effects against LPS-induced NO production in RAW264.7 macrophages, with IC
Litsea ; Macrophages ; Molecular Structure

Structural information has been a major concern for biological and pharmaceutical studies for its intimate relationship to the function of a protein. Three-dimensional representation of the positions of protein atoms is utilized among many structural information repositories that have been published. The reliability of the torsional system, which represents the native processes of structural change in the structural analysis, was partially proven with previous structural alignment studies. Here, a web server providing structural information and analysis based on the backbone torsional representation of a protein structure is newly introduced. The web server offers functions of secondary structure database search, secondary structure calculation, and pair-wise protein structure comparison, based on a backbone torsion angle representation system. Application of the implementation in pair-wise structural alignment showed highly accurate results. The information derived from this web server might be further utilized in the field of ab initio protein structure modeling or protein homology-related analyses.
Databases, Protein ; Protein Structure, Secondary

Cycloaddition Reaction ; Molecular Structure ; Alkadienes

To learn the differences between the structure-activity relationship and molecular vibration-activity relationship in the ligand-receptor interaction of the histamine receptor, 47 ligands of the histamine receptor were analyzed by structural similarity and molecular vibrational frequency patterns. The radial tree that was produced by clustering analysis of molecular vibrational frequency patterns shows its potential for the functional classification of histamine receptor ligands.
Histamine ; Ligands ; Receptors, Histamine ; Structure-Activity Relationship

To study chemical constituents of Polygonatum odoratum (Mill.) Druce, the compounds were separated with column chromatography and HPLC. On the basis of physicochemical properties and spectral data, their structures were confirmed. Nine compounds were isolated and identified as 5,7-dihydroxy-6-methoxyl-8-methyl-3-(2',4'-dihydroxybenzyl)chroman-4-one (1), 5,7-dihydroxy-6-methyl-3-(2',4'-dihydroxybenzyl)chroman-4-one (2), 5,7-dihydroxy-6-methoxyl-8-methyl-3-(4'-methoxybenzyl)chroman-4-one (3), disporopsin (4), chrysoeriol (5), 5,4'-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-6-methylflavone (6), N-trans-feruloyltyramine (7), N-trans-feruloyloctopamine (8), and (+)-syringaresinol (9). Compounds 1-3 are new homoisoflavanones. Compounds 4-9 are isolated from this plant for the first time.
Isoflavones ; isolation & purification ; Molecular Structure ; Polygonatum ; chemistry

AIM: To investigate the chemical constituents of Allophylus longipes. METHODS: Compounds were isolated and purified by various chromatographic techniques and their structures were elucidated by physicochemical characteristics and spectral data. RESULTS: Twenty-five compounds were isolated and identified as cycloart-24-en-3β, 26-diol (1), 3-oxotrirucalla-7, 24-dien-21-oic acid (2), zizyberenalic acid (3), colubrinic acid (4), ent-4(15)-eudesmene-1β, 6α-diol (5), 4(15)-eudesmene-1β, 8α-diol (6), 4(15)-eudesmene-1β, 5α-diol (7), methyl asterrate (8), betulin (9), betulinic aldehyde (10), betulinic acid (11), 3β-hydroxy-5α, 8α-epidioxyergosta-6, 22-dien (12), 3-oxo-19α-hydroxyurs-12-en-28-oic acid (13), ursolic acid (14), scopoletin (15), fraxidin (16), cleomiscosin A (17), 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde (18), 4-hydroxy-3-methoxycinnamaldehyde (19), 2',6'-dihydroxy-4'-methoxyacetophenone (20), p-(aminoalkyl)-benzoic acid (21), 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzoic acid (22), 1-O-p-coumaroylglucose (23), β-sitosterol (24), and poriferast-5-ene-3β, 4β-diol (25). CONCLUSION All the compounds were isolated from Allophylus longipes for the first time.
Molecular Structure ; Plant Extracts ; chemistry ; Sapindaceae ; chemistry

Eight C_(19)-diterpenoid alkaloids( 1-8) were isolated from the ethyl acetate soluble fraction of 95% ethanol extract of the ground roots of Aconitum austroyunnanense through various column chromatographies on silica gel,ODS,Sephadex LH-20 and MCI gel.Their structures were elucidated as 14α-benzoyloxy-13β,15α-dihydroxy-1α,6α,8β,16β,18-pentamethoxy-19-oxoaconitan( 1),N-deethylaconitine( 2),spicatine B( 3),leucanthumsine A( 4),acofamine B( 5),macrorhynine B( 6),aconitilearine( 7),and ambiguine( 8) based on their chemical and physicochemical properties and spectroscopic data. Compound 1 was a new compound and alkaloids 2-8 were isolated from this plant for the first time. Some isolated alkaloids were tested in vitro for cytotoxic potential by employing the MTT method. As a result,alkaloid 1 exhibited weak cytotoxic activity against three tested tumor cell lines( A-549,He La,and Hep G2) with IC_(50) values less than 20 μmol·L~(-1).
Aconitum ; Alkaloids ; Diterpenes ; Molecular Structure ; Plant Roots

The tirucallane-type triterpenoids, composed of six isoprene units, belong to a group of tetracyclic triterpenoids. Although the naturally-derived tirucallane-type triterpenoids were found in a small amount, the kind of compounds showed various structures, which consist of apo-type, linear said-chain-type and cyclolike said-chain-type and broad bioactivities, such as cytotoxicity, anti-inflammation, antioxidation and anti-plasmin, etc. This paper summarized origins, structures and bioactivities of tirucallane-type triterpenoids in recent ten years. The future research and exploration of tirucallane-type triterpenoids were discussed and prospected.
Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic ; Molecular Structure ; Triterpenes