BACKGROUND

Ports are susceptible to the arrival of non-indigenous species (NIS) which can subsequently become invasive through maritime traffic. In the Philippines, few studies have been conducted about macrofouling communities in marine vessel-frequented areas. Batangas Port is an international port serving the provinces of Cavite, Laguna, Batangas, Rizal, and Quezon, and docks vessels from areas around the globe. Baseline information of fouling communities in this area is essential as this can allow detection of NIS and alert the community about their presence. It can serve as basis for crafting of guidelines and mitigation measures for possible scenarios regarding the NIS' invasive potential.

Three sampling sites in close proximity to Batangas Port in Brgy. Sta. Clara, Batangas City were studied using biofouling collectors. Fouler collector design was adapted from the North Pacific Marine Sciences Organization (PICES) design. Collectors were deployed in an unused pier, aquaculture pond and mangrove area from November 2014 to January 2015. Retrieved biofoulers were identified using taxonomic keys, and diversity indices were computed.

A total of 1044 individuals were collected in the plates submerged at the sampling sites. These organisms belonged to six phyla and at least nine classes. The community included bivalves, gastropods, polychaetes, and tunicates. A nonindigenous polychaete, Eumida sanguinea, was detected in the retrieval. Values of biodiversity indices indicate low biodiversity, and species evenness values are low as well.

The study generated a baseline listing of organisms in the port area and showed a roster of indigenous invertebrates. However, a NIS has been detected. The list is essential as it can be used to alert communities surrounding the port about the presence of NIS so that ecological, economic, and health impacts can be minimized, and monitoring be done regularly.

No abstract available.
Reactive Oxygen Species

Classification of the genus mentha on the basic of morphology is very difficult since their biodiversity and the genus mentha is quite easy to turn into morphological variation, or develop to hybrid species. These species chemical composition of essential oils have been intensively studied. On the basic of the major constituents, the following chemotypes of wild mints from Vietnam were found: piperitone oxide -pulegone, pulegone - menthol, menthylacetate - menthol, menthol - isomenthone, dihydrocarvylacetate - carvone - limonene, limonene - carvone - dihydrocarvone. It is necessary now for governmental offices and people from country side and high mountain to take an active role in the conservation of this genus for their economical and ecological reasons.
Mentha ; Species Specificity

In this study, we investigated the antioxidative and antimicrobial activities of red algae Gloiopeltis tenax (GT). GT was extracted with methanol and then further fractionated it into four different types: methanol (GTMM), hexane (GTMH), butanol (GTMB) and aqueous (GTMA) soluble fractions. The antioxidant activity of the fractions from GT was investigated by measuring the scavenging activities of GT against reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS). Among the four fractions of GT, GTMM and GTMB showed a marked scavenging effect against ROS, but they displayed very low levels of the scavenging effect against RNS. The antimicrobial activity was increased in proportion to its concentration by the paper disc method. Among the various solvent layers, the GTMM and GTMB showed strong antimicrobial activities.
Methanol ; Reactive Nitrogen Species ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; Rhodophyta

No abstract available.
Antioxidants* ; Propofol* ; Reactive Oxygen Species* ; Thiopental* ; Vasodilation*

In the Vietnam medicine and pharmacy system, parallel to the western medicine, the oriental medicine Vietnamese traditional medicine plays an important role in people's health care. The oriental medicine consists of two components: The first one is the official traditional medicine that its origin mainly comes from the Traditional Chinese Medicine, and the second one is local hereditary medicine of the ancient Vietnamese people and the ethnic minorities. The local hereditary medicine has a great potentiality but it is faced to a risk of loss. It should be officially recognized and institutionalized. Moreover, it should be funded to study, and step by step modernize for conservation and development.
Published studies of different species of the branch Crinum, amaryllidaceae

Background: Can Gio mangrove forest is bio-diversified area. There is few studies on medical arthropod in Can Gio mangrove forest until now. Objective: To study bio-diversified feature and identify species with disease transmitting role. Subject and Method: In 2007, medical arthropod surveys were conducted at 3 sites located in the natural conserve zone- Can Gio mangrove forest. A cross-sectional study was used. Results and Conclusions: A total of samples of 6178 individuals of medical arthropod belonging to 65 species have been collected, including 3 species of flea (Siphonaptera), 1 species of ticks (Ixodidae), 6 species of chiggers (Trombiculidae), 6 species of mites (Gamasoidea), 25 species of flies (Muscoidea) and 24 species of mosquitoes (Culicidae). They belong to 37 genus, 17 families, 3 orders (Siphonaptera, Acarina and Diptera), and 2 classes (Insecta and Arachnida). 20 species having epidemiological role were found in Can Gio mangrove forest. The rate of Anopheles epiroticus biting human at night indoor, outdoor and daytime indoor is rather high, especially at the end of dry season at centre of the forest.
Mangrove forest ; medical arthropod ; species ; genus

Background: Dengue fever remains a major public health problem in Vietnam. It was transmitted through two main Aedes species, namely Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus in which Aedes aegypti played the predominant role in transmitting the dengue viruses (accounted for 94% of the Aedes genus).Different groups of insecticides have been widely used in the community. As a consequence, it increased the resistance level of Aedes vectors to the insecticides. Therefore, a new synthesized insecticide was required for future control and prevention of dengue epidemics. \r\n', u'Objectives: To evaluate the efficacy of Cynoff 25 ULV in suppressing Aedes species in Vietnam. \r\n', u'Subjects and methods: The study was conducted in the entomology laboratory and in the fields of Ha Tay province. ULV spraying was implemented in Hiengiang commune, Thuongtin district, in comparison with a control area, Van Mo commune in Ha Dong town.\r\n', u'Results and conclusions: : Cynoff 25 ULV had a high efficacy that kills over 90% of 2 dengue vector species, namely Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopicctus after 24 hours exposure at the distance of 30 meters from the brass nozzle of a STIHL SR 400 sprayer. In the field trials, Cynoff 25 ULV also had high efficacy in killing Aedes species, e.g. 100% of Aedes species were killed after spraying and the effects lasted for 3 months for Aedes aegypti and one month for Aedes albopictus species. The insecticide had no side-effects or any other adverse effects to humans, livestock and the environment in the intervention areas. \r\n', u'
cynoff 25 ULV ; aedes species ; dengue vectors

A new species of Stepphnia rotunda Lour. in Langson province had total alcaloid and L-tetrahydropatin component is quite high. In addition, it was isolated and detemined a structure of stepharin in the species. Scientific name is Stephania kuinanensis H.S.Lo et M.Yang
diagnosis ; Species Specificity ; Plants, Medicinal ; Medicine, Traditional

No abstract available.
Nitric Oxide* ; Oxidative Stress* ; Reactive Oxygen Species*