Objective To investigate the prevalent characteristics of children with viral pneumonia in different areas and years.Methods The viral antigen of cells of nasopharyngeal secretions was detected by the method of alkaline phosphatasea anti-alkalinephhosphatase in viral pneumonia children in different areas and years.Results Among 627cases , there were 290 positive cases and 14 cases were infected by 2 viral strains. Three hundred and four positive viral strains,71 cases (23.35%) were RS virus infection, 47 cases (15.46%) were AD virus infection, 74 cases (24.34%) were FLU-A virus infection,50 cases (16.44%) were FLU-B virus infection, 47 cases (15.46%) were PIV1,3 virus infection, and 15 cases (4.93%) were PIV2 virus infection. But in different areas, the kind of the viral strain of the highest infection rate was different. The viral detection rate in autumn and winter was the highest and in summer was the lowest. Conclusions FLU-A virus is the main etiological agent of children viral pneumonia,but the main etiological agent in different areas is different. In autumn and winter, the viral infection rate is high. The chance of viral infection of lower respiratory tract of big children is reduced.

Objective To evaluate the significance of ST/TP relative value in electrocardiogram in diagnosis of hypocalcemia.Methods ST/TP relative value in electrocardiogram in 61 children with hypocalcemia and 31 normal children were detected by NIHOH KOHDEN CardiofaxQ ECG-9130P electrocardiogram machine designed by Japanese futian company.Calcium ion was checked out by clinic electrolyte equipment.Results There was significant difference of ST/TP relative value between patients with hypocalcemia and normal children(P

OBJECTIVETo investigate the regulation trend of Jinxin Oral Liquid (JXOL) on the expression of negative regulatory factor of TLR3 signaling pathway SOCS1 in the lung tissue of RSV infected BALB/c mice at different time points.

METHODSTotally 75 BALB/c mice were randomly divided into 5 groups, i.e., the normal control group, the model group, the ribavirin group, the high dose JXOL group, and the equivalent dose JXOL group, 15 in each group. Each group had 3 intervention ways (I, II, and III) with 5 mice treated in each group. BALB/c mice were nasally infected with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and treated by different intervention ways. After intervention, mice were killed and their lung tissues were sampled, mRNA expression levels of RSV-M, SOCS1, and IFN-β were detected by Real time PCR. The expression of SOCSl at the protein level was detected by Western blot.

RESULTSCompared with the normal control group, the mRNA expression level of SOCS1 and IFN-β, and the protein expression level of SOCS1 increased significantly in the model group intervened by intervention I and II (all P < 0.01), but the mRNA expression level of IFN-β decreased significantly in model group intervened by intervention III (P < 0.01). Compared with the model group, the mRNA expression level of RSV-M all significantly decreased in the high dose JXOL group and the equivalent dose JXOL group intervened by 3 intervention ways (all P < 0.01). The mRNA expression level of SOCS1 significantly decreased in the high dose JXOL group intervened by intervention I and III and the equivalent dose JXOL group intervened by 3 intervention ways (all P < 0.01). The mRNA expression level of IFN-β significantly decreased in the high dose JXOL group intervened by intervention I and II and the equivalent dose JXOL group intervened by intervention I (all P < 0.01), while it significantly increased in the high dose JXOL group intervened by intervention III and the equivalent dose JXOL group intervened by intervention III (all P < 0.01). The protein expression level of SOCS1 significantly decreased in the high dose JXOL group intervened by intervention I and the equivalent dose JXOL group intervened by 3 intervention ways (all P < 0.01), while it significantly increased in the high dose JXOL group intervened by intervention III (all P < 0.01). Compared with the high dose JXOL group, the mRNA expression level of RSV-M decreased significantly in the equivalent dose JXOL group intervened by intervention I and II (P < 0.01). The mRNA expression level of SOCS1 and IFN-β decreased significantly in the equivalent dose JXOL group intervened by intervention I (P < 0.01), but the mRNA expression level of IFN-β increased significantly in the equivalent dose JXOL group intervened by intervention II and III (all P < 0.01). The protein expression level of SOCS1 decreased significantly in the equivalent dose JXOL group intervened by 3 intervention ways (all P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONSJXOL could inhibit the expression of SOCS1 in the lung tissue of RSV infected BALB/c mice at different time points. Its regulatory effect might be associated with promoting the expression of interferon type I and further fighting against RSV.

Animals ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Lung ; metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; RNA, Messenger ; Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; Respiratory Syncytial Viruses ; Ribavirin ; Signal Transduction ; Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 1 Protein ; Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling Proteins ; metabolism ; Toll-Like Receptor 3 ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the curative effect of Qingkailing Injection (QKL) for treatment of children's respiratory syncytial virus pneumonia of phlegm-heat obstructing Fei syndrome pattern (SVP-PH) depending upon main symptom assessment.

METHODSA Chinese-Western medicine comparative trial was conducted on 206 children with SVP-PH in two groups treated with Ribavirin injection plus compound guaiacol potassium sul-fonale oral solution (as control group) and QKL injection plus Ertong Qingfei oral liquid (as treated group) respectively, for 10 days. The curative effectiveness on four main symptoms (fever, cough, sputum and short breath) were evaluated at different time-points.

RESULTSThe effectiveness in the treated group at various time-points was superior to that in the control group, showing the earlier initiating time (on the 4th day) and the preponderances on cough and sputum ran all through the whole course.

CONCLUSIONChinese medicine shows a multi-target effect in treating children's SVP-HP.

Child ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Guaiacol ; analogs & derivatives ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Infusions, Intravenous ; Male ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Phytotherapy ; Pneumonia, Viral ; drug therapy ; Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections ; drug therapy ; Ribavirin ; therapeutic use

OBJECTIVETo explore the effect of qingfei oral liquid (QOL) contained serum on protein expression of transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) and platelet derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) of adenovirus type 3I, 7b induced human embryonic lung fibroblast cells.

METHODSThe cells were divided into 5 groups, the normal cells group (NCG), the virus control group (VCG), the blank serum group (BSG), the ribavirin group (RVG) and the QOL contained serum group (QSG). All the cells except those in the NCG were challenged by adenovirus type 3I, 7b and treated with correspondent medicine. The contents of TGF-beta1 and PDGF-BB in the supernatant of cell culture were monitored by ELISA and compared among groups.

RESULTSContents of TGF-beta1 and PDGF-BB in VCG were significantly higher, while those in QSG were significantly lower than those in VCG (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONAdenovirus infection can increase the protein expression of TGF-beta1 and PDGF-BB of human embryonic lung fibroblast cells. QOL can decrease the protein expression of these cytokines, which maybe one of the mechanisms of its antiviral effect.

Adenoviruses, Human ; classification ; drug effects ; growth & development ; Animals ; Cells, Cultured ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Embryo, Mammalian ; Female ; Fibroblasts ; cytology ; virology ; Humans ; Male ; Platelet-Derived Growth Factor ; biosynthesis ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-sis ; Rabbits ; Transforming Growth Factor beta ; biosynthesis ; Transforming Growth Factor beta1

OBJECTIVETo analyze the influence of included angle between the anterior aspects of S2 and S vertebral bodies on pelvic inlet imaging in the pelvic midline sagittal plane.

METHODSTotally 58 axial pelvic CT scans were chosen as study objects including 43 males and 15 females,with an average age of 40.7 years old (ranged,18 to 68 years old). The angles between the anterior aspects of S2 and S1, vertebral bodies and the horizontal plane on midline sagittal CT reconstruction were measured to simulate the optimal S2 and S1 inlet angles. The included angle between the anterior aspects of S2 and S1 vertebral bodies was calculated by subtrocting the S1,inlet angle from the S2 inlet angle defined as a base number. Then, the impact of the calculated included angles on the pelvic inlet imaging was analyzed. Results:The S2 inlet angles averaged (30.5±6.5) degrees; the S inlet angles averaged (25.7±5.9) degrees. The difference between them was significant (t=3.35, P=0.001). Ten patients had zero angle between the anterior aspects of S2 and S1 vertebral bodies; 14 patients had negative angle, averaged-(8.9±8.1) degrees; 34 patients had positive angle,averaged (11.8+6.4) degrees.

CONCLUSIONThe difference of included angle between the anterior aspects of S2 and S1 vertebral bodies leads to the difference between S1 inlet view and S2 inlet view in most cases, complicating the pelvic inlet imaging,and affecting the reliability of the application of pelvic inlet view. Utilizing the angles measured on the preoperative midlihe sagittal CT reconstruction to obatin the patient-customized S1 and S2 inlet views could accurately guide the S1 and S2 iliosacral screw insertion.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Animals ; Bone Screws ; Female ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; methods ; Humans ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pelvis ; anatomy & histology ; injuries ; Spine ; anatomy & histology ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo explore the effect and mechanism of Danshao Granule (DSG) in treating Henoch-Schonlein purpura nephritis (HSPN) in children.

METHODSThe 63 patients with HSPN were randomly divided into two groups. The 32 patients in the treated group were treated with DSG and the 31 patients in the control group were treated with Tripterygium polyglycosides tablet and composite Salviae tablet. The therapeutic course for both groups was one month. The skin purpura, macroscopic hematuria, hypertension and edema subsidence time, 24 hrs urinary protein content, serum levels of immunoglobulins (IgA, IgG, IgM), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and malonyldialdehyde (MDA) content were observed before and after treatment.

RESULTSTherapeutic effect in the treated group was better than that in the control group in curing skin purpura and macroscopic hematuria (P < 0.05). The 24 hrs urinary protein content and serum levels of IgA, SOD and MDA were improved after treatment in both groups significantly (P < 0.01). However, the improvement of 24 hrs urinary protein, serum SOD and MDA in the treated group was more significant than that in the control group respectively (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONDSG can alleviate the injury of free radicals in organism, so it is an ideal remedy for treatment of HSPN.

Adolescent ; Child ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Malondialdehyde ; blood ; Nephritis ; blood ; drug therapy ; etiology ; Phytotherapy ; Purpura, Schoenlein-Henoch ; blood ; complications ; drug therapy ; Salvia miltiorrhiza ; Superoxide Dismutase ; blood

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)-related pulmonary infection on endogenous metabolites in large intestinal mucosa in BALB/c mice using metabolomics technology based on gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS).

METHODSMice were randomly divided into a control group and a RSV pneumonia model group (n=16 each). The mouse model of RSV pneumonia was established using intranasal RSV infection (100×TCID, 50 μL/mouse, once a day). After 7 days of intranasal RSV infection, the mice were sacrificed and GC-MS was used to identify endogenous metabolites and measure the changes in their relative content in colon tissue. SMCA-P12.0 software was used to perform principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) for endogenous metabolites in colon tissue. The differentially expressed metabolites in colon tissue were imported into the metabolic pathway platform Metaboanalyst to analyze related metabolic pathways.

RESULTSPCA and OPLS-DA showed significant differences between the control and RSV pneumonia model groups. A total of 32 metabolites were identified in the colon tissue of the mice with RSV pneumonia. The RSV pneumonia model group had significant increases in the content of leucine, isoleucine, glycine, alanine, arachidonic acid, and lactic acid, which were related to the valine, leucine, isoleucine, arachidonic acid, and pyruvic acid metabolic pathways.

CONCLUSIONSRSV pneumonia might cause metabolic disorders in the large intestinal tissue in mice.

Amino Acids, Branched-Chain ; metabolism ; Animals ; Female ; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry ; Intestinal Mucosa ; metabolism ; Intestine, Large ; metabolism ; pathology ; Lung ; pathology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Pneumonia, Viral ; metabolism ; Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo objectively evaluate the clinical effect of traditional Chinese medicine in treating children's respiratory syncytial viral pneumonia (RSVP) of phlegm-heat blocking Fei syndrome (PHBFS).

METHODSA single-blinded multi-center, blocked, randomized and parallel-controlled method was adopted. The clinical study was carried out on 206 children with RSVP-PHBFS who were assigned to two groups, 108 in the test group treated through intravenous dripping of Qingkailing Injection () in combination of oral intake of Er'tong Qingfei Oral Liquid () and 98 in the control group with intravenous dripping of ribavirin injection in combination with oral intake of potassium guaiacol sulfonate oral liquid, all for 10 days. The clinical efficacy was evaluated and compared at the end of the trial from various aspects by three methods including comprehensive efficacy, post-treatment main symptoms score difference and survival analysis of the main symptoms.

RESULTSAfter treatment, in the test group, 60 patients were cured, 36 markedly alleviated, and 12 improved. In the control group, 41 were cured, 38 markedly alleviated, 18 improved and 1 unchanged. Comparison on the comprehensive efficacy between the two groups shows a better efficacy in the test group (chi(2)=4.4527, P=0.0348). Scores of the main symptoms were lowered after treatment in both groups, the difference was 22.41+/-4.99 scores in the test group and 17.61+/-6.34 scores in the control group, being more significant in the former (t=-5.99, P<0.01). Survival analysis shows that there was significant difference between the two groups in the effect initiating time on such symptoms as fever, cough, copious sputum, shortness of breath, and rales, which was earlier in the test group (P<0.01 or P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONEvaluation of the efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine in treating children with RSVP-PHBFS by using the three methods jointly could better show the objectivity of the evaluation.

Airway Obstruction ; complications ; mortality ; therapy ; Child, Preschool ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; Female ; Fever ; complications ; mortality ; therapy ; Hot Temperature ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; methods ; Pneumonia, Viral ; drug therapy ; mortality ; pathology ; Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections ; drug therapy ; mortality ; pathology ; Respiratory System ; pathology ; Ribavirin ; administration & dosage ; Single-Blind Method ; Survival Analysis ; Syndrome ; Treatment Outcome

In this study, daphnetin and its major metabolites in the intestinal wall of rats were identified by liquid chromatography and quatrupole-time of flight mass spectrometry. Perfusion fluid of duodenum, jejunum, ileum and colon were collected separately for 2 hours from the rat intestine following perfusion with daphnetin. The metabolites of daphnetin in the perfusion fluid of different intestine segments were analyzed by the liquid chromatography and quatrupole-time of flight mass spectrometry. It is shown that the parent drug daphnetin and four metabolites were found in the perfusion fluid of duodenum, jejunum and ileum. However, no metabolites were found in the colon. Among the four metabolites, two daphnetin sulfates (m/z 257) were first discovered as the phase II metabolites of daphnetin in rats, which revealed a new way of daphnetin metabolism in rats.
Animals ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Colon ; metabolism ; Duodenum ; metabolism ; Ileum ; metabolism ; Intestines ; metabolism ; Jejunum ; metabolism ; Male ; Perfusion ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization ; Umbelliferones ; metabolism ; pharmacokinetics