ObjectiveTo evaluate th effect and safety of tolterodine on detrusor hyperreflexia of patients with spinal cord injury.Methods20 cases of spinal cord injury patients with detrusor hyperreflexia were treated with tolterodine (2mg, twice daily), and the data of urodynamics and voiding diary before and after treatment were evaluated.ResultsAfter 12 weeks of treatment, it showed a significant increase from baseline in mean voiding volume (P<0.01), functional bladder volume (P<0.05) and interval of voiding (P<0.01). The bladder volume at first contraction significantly increased from (62.62±36.37)ml to (126.75±34.64)ml (P<0.01), the maximal pressure of detrusor contraction significantly decreased from (74.81±28.60) cm H2O to (61.90±16.22) cm H2O (P<0.05), the maximal amplitude of wave significantly decreased from (47.24±30.42) cm H2O to (39.36±25.28) cm H2O.ConclusionTolterodine is effective and safety to detrusor hyperreflexia of patients with spinal cord injury, and has a better therapeutic compliance and less adverse reactions.

Endocardial Cushion Defects ; complications ; Female ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Lung ; abnormalities ; Lung Diseases ; complications ; congenital

Biotechnology supremacy is a newly-advanced power theory. It is a superior dominance of military biotechnological application based on the microcosm of life structure within a certain period of time. The advancement of biotechnology supremacy and modern biotechnology has created the concept of bio-micro-frontier, which involves information and defense resources of all living ultra-micro-organisms with national and regional characteristics. Being feasible both in theory and practice, the implementation of bio-micro-frontier system is strategically important. This article explores the implementation of bio-micro-frontier in terms of strategy and tactics, which will add a unique dimension to future military transformation and active defense.

Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome virus (PRRSV) is the etiological agent of Por- cine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome. We summarized the recent research progress on molecular bi- ology of PRRSV including the structure of genome, viral structural and Non-structural protein.

Objective To analyze clinical diagnosis and management of 5 patients with actinomycete keratitis.Design Retro- spective case series.Participants 5 patients (5 eyes) with actinomycete keratitis.Methods The clinical features and microbiologic da- ta of 5 culture-proven cases of actinomycete keratitis recorded between October 2004 to March 2006 were analyzed.Main Outcome Measures clinical characteristics,isolations identification,drug susceptibility test and treatments.Results All patients were males and farmers.Of the 5 cases presented in this study,4 cases were followed by minor trauma as a predominant risk factor,and were pre- sented by a chronic progressive corneal ulcer with a wreath pattern of infiltrate.The diagnosis of all cases was based on laboratory in- vestigations,by which 4 cases of nocardia and one case of streptomyce were identified.A variable drug sensitivities were presented in nocardia isolates,which including TMP-SMZ,amicasin,gentamicin and fluorine-quinolones.Conclusions Nocardia keratitis is mainly followed by a minor trauma.It is identified predominantly by laboratory investigations.Tropical and systemically sensitive biotic are the initial choice,while debridement and amnionic transplantation could be an effective alternative.

Objective To evaluate prognostic factors and treatment of patients with advanced stage endometrial cancer. Methods One hundred and eighteen patients with advanced stage endometrial cancer were treated in our hospital between January 1996 and December 2006. The treatment and prognosis were retrospectively analyzed. The mean follow-up time was 26 months. Results During the follow-up, 33 cases (28.0%) died and 25 patients(21.2% ) had disease progression. The 3-year overall survival for patients with stage Ⅲ and stage Ⅳ was 78. 3% and 39. 4%, and for endometrioid and nonendometrioid endometrial carcinoma was 69. 3% and 42. 0%, respectively. Four patients with positive cytology only were followed closely after surgery and were free of disease up to the report time. Patients with late stages, deep myometrial invasion, nonendometrioid endometrial cancer, poor differentiation, without lymphadenectomy and without radiochemotherapy after surgery were associated with a worse prognosis by univariate analysis (P < 0. 05 ),while in a multivariate analysis only late stages and deep myometrial invasion were associated with a poor prognosis ( P < 0. 05 ). The patients who received lymphadenectomy and whose residual disease after the surgery was less than 1 cm had better prognoses than those otherwise(P <0. 05). The patients who received postoperative radiochemotherapy had better prognoses than those who did not ( P <0. 05 ). Conclusions Pathological stage and myometrial invasion are independent prognostic factors for late stage endometrial cancer. Satisfactory cytoreduction surgery and lymphadenectomy, followed by postoperative radiochemotherapy, except for stage Ⅲa patients with positive cytology only, are recommended in order to improve prognosis.

Animal models with kidney disease are generally divided into two types. One belongs to the models which imitate human kidney disease by the artificial operations, such as anti-glomerular basement membrane antibody nephritis, Heymann nephritis, anti-Thyl. 1 antibody nephritis, BSA nephritis and puromycin nephropathy. The other one pertains to the models which make themselves kidney disease, and appear the pathological characteristics naturally as like as human, such as HIGA mice with IgA nephropathy and NZB/WF1 and MRL/1pr mice with lupus nephritis. In addition,the transgenic animal models with kidney disease can also be established by the modern molecular biologic techniques including gene knockout and siRNA transfection. As for the studies related with kidney disease in pharmacodynamics and pharmacology of Chinese herbal medicine (CHM), it is important to understand deeply the features of each animal model with kidney disease, and select accurately the proper models according to the different experimental objectives, and then, build the special models provided with the combination of disease with syndrome in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Therefore,it is the developmental direction for the further study to establish animal models with kidney disease, which should possess the characteristics of syndrome in TCM.
Animals ; Diabetic Nephropathies ; etiology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Humans ; Kidney Diseases ; etiology ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Mice ; Streptozocin

Objective To observe the clinical effect of neonatal respiratory failure therapy with mechanical ventilation. Methods Forty - eight cases of neonatal respiratory failure were applied endotracheal intubation through mouth. At first, ventilation was given via the intermittent positive - pressure ventilation + peak end - expiratory pressure( IPPV + PEEP) way. Later, the breath parameters were regulated and transited to the intermittent mandatory ventilation( IMV) way according to original illness. When frac - tional concentration of in-spired gas(FiO2)

BACKGROUND: Severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) can result in intestinal mucosal barrier (IMB) dysfunction. This study was undertaken to demonstrate the effect of IGF-I on the intestinal mucosal barrier in rats with SAP and its possible mechanisms. METHODS: Seventy-two male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups: a sham operation (SO group,n=24), a SAP group not treated with IGF-I (SAP group,n=24), and a SAP group treated with IGF-I (IGF-I group,n=24). SAP was induced in the rats by injecting 5.0％ sodium taurocholate into the biliary-pancreatic duct. The SO rats were given an infusion of normal saline instead. The rats in the IGF-I group underwent the SAP procedure and were given a subcutaneous injection of IGF-I at 30 minutes before the operation and at 3 hours after the operation. Eight rats in each group were sacrificed at 6, 12 and 24 hours after operation. Apoptosis of mucosal cells in the small intestine was determined by TUNEL. The levels of endotoxin and DAO and serum amylase were also measured. Pathologic changes in the small intestine were monitored. Changes of bax and bcl-2 mRNA expression in the small intestine were determined by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). RESULTS: The levels of serum amylase were lower in the IGF-I group than in the SAP group at all three time points (P<0.05). The levels of endotoxin in the IGF-I group were higher than those in the SAP group at 6 hours, but lower in the IGF-I group than in the SAP group at 12 and 24 hours (P<0.05). The levels of diamine oxidase were higher in the IGF-I group at 6 hours but lower than those in the SAP group at 12 and 24 hours. The pathological score of the small intestine was lower in the IGF-I group than in the SAP group, and the difference was statistically significant at 12 and 24 hours. The pathologic changes observed under electron microscopy were better in the IGF-I group than those in the SAP group. The apoptosis index of intestinal epithelial cells was significantly decreased in the IGF-I group compared with the SAP group. Compared with the SO group, the mRNA expression levels of bax were increased at each time point in the SAP group, and were significantly decreased in the IGF-I group as compared with the SAP group at each time point (P<0.05). The expression levels of bcl-2 were weak and not different between the SO group and the SAP group (P>0.05). They were significantly increased in the IGF-I group versus the SO and SAP groups (P<0.05). The ratio of bax and bcl-2 mRNA expression levels at each time point in the SAP group were significantly higher than those in the SO group, but they were obviously decreased in the IGF-I group. CONCLUSIONS: Exogenous IGF-I seems to protect mucosal cells in the small intestine against SAP-induced apoptosis and could alleviate SAP-induced injury of the intestinal mucosa. The underlying mechanisms include enhanced mRNA expression of bcl-2 and inhibition of bax mRNA expression.

BACKGROUNDKeloid is an intricate lesion that is probably regulated by many genes. In this study, the authors used the technique of complementary DNA (cDNA) microarray to analyse abnormal gene expression in keloids and normal control skins.

METHODSThe polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products of 8400 genes were spotted in an array on chemical-material-coated-glass plates. The DNAs were fixed on the glass plates. The total RNAs were isolated from freshly excised human keloid and normal control skins, and the mRNAs were then purified. The mRNA from both keloid and normal control skins were reversely transcribed to cDNAs, with the incorporation of fluorescent dUTP, for preparing the hybridisation probes. The mixed probes were then hybridised to the cDNA microarray. After thorough washing, the cDNA microarray was scanned for differing fluorescent signals from two types of tissues. Gene expression of tissue growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) and of c-myc was detected with both RT-PCR and Northern blot hybridisation to confirm the effectiveness of cDNA microarray.

RESULTSAmong the 8400 human genes, 402 were detected with different expression levels between keloid and normal control skins. Two hundred and fifty genes, including TGF-beta1 and c-myc, were up-regulated and 152 genes were down-regulated. Higher expressions of TGF-beta1 and c-myc in keloid were also revealed using RT-PCR and Northern blot methods.

CONCLUSIONcDNA microarray analysis provides a powerful tool for investigating differential gene expression in keloid and normal control skins. Keloid is a complicated lesion with many genes involved.

DNA, Complementary ; analysis ; Humans ; Keloid ; genetics ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; methods ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; RNA, Messenger ; analysis ; Skin