Using highly purified Con. A extracted from Vie seeds of canavalina ensiformis in Vietnam to make Con. A – Sepharose 4B affinity column for the expression of serum AFP and other Glycoprotein in patients which liver and breast cancer showed a high specific interaction between lectin Con. A and AFP as well as some pathological glycoprotein. That was the mainly basis for our later research on marking lectin affinity AFP in early diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma, especially in patients at high risk such as chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis.
neoplasms ; Seeds

The trial of acute oral toxicity of the seed of Momordica cochinchinensis in mice showed that LD50 of the seed powder is 92.27g/kg. The result of the study should be considered in the attempt to use the seed of Momordica cochinchinensis as a drug administered orally. While waiting for confirmation, it is necessary to inform in public that taking this seed orally should be avoided
toxicity ; Mouth ; seeds

Two triterpen glycoside belong to cucurbitacin group, momordicosid A (3-O-β- gentiobiosyl cucurbit-5-en- 3β, 22 (S), 23 (R), 24 (R), 25-pentaol) and momordicosid B (3-O- β- D- xylopyranosyl (1-4)- [β-D- glucopyranosyl (1-6)]- β- D- glucopyranosyl cucurbit-5-en-3 β, 22 (S), 23 (R), 24 (R), 25-pentaol) were isolated and identified from the defatted seeds of Momordica charantia L. attained at Tuy Hoa, Phu Yen. Their structures were determined on the basis of spectra including IR, FAB-LR-MS, 1H-NMR, HMBC and 1H-NMR
Glycosides ; Seeds ; Momordica

The material is seeds of Delavaya toxocarpa French harvested in Cao Bang province in 1999, 2000 and 2001. Fatty oil was quantified by weighing method. The indices of fatty oil were identified in relation to Vietnamese Pharmacopoeia. The fatty acid ingredients were analysed by gas chromatography (GC). The results showed that the fatty oil content in Delavaya toxocarpa French seeds was high (39.63+/-0.836), acidic index was 37.651+/-0.836, iodine index was 69.615+/-1.076, soap index was 180.762+/-3.382. The fatty oil included palmitic, oleic, linoleic, stearic, gadoleic and arachidic acids. Among these, oleic and gadoleic acids had the highest content
Oils ; Seeds ; Pharmacopoeias

Phytochemical investigation was carried out on the seeds of Vigna umbellata. The 70% ethanol extract of the seeds of V. umbellata was subjected to silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, ODS column chromatographies and preparative HPLC. The structures of the isolated compounds were elucidated on the basis of NMR and ESI-MS spectroscopic data Eight compounds were obtained and identified as carboxyatractyligenin (1), 2beta-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-15alpha-hydroxy-kaur-16-ene-18,19-dicarboxylic acid (2), 2beta-O-(beta-D-glucopyranosyl) atractyligenin (3), 3R-O-[beta-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1-6) -beta-D-glucopyranosyl] oct-1-ene-3-ol (4), (6S, 7E, 9R) -roseoside (5), liriodendrin (6), resveratrol (7) and maltol (8). Compounds 1-7 were isolated from Vigna genus for the first time, and compound 8 was isolated from V. umbellata for the first time.
Fabaceae ; chemistry ; Seeds ; chemistry

BACKGROUND: This study was conducted to characterize and compare the physicochemical and pharmacopoeial properties of starches isolated from the seeds of Artocarpus odoratissimus Blanco (marang), Nephelium lappaceum L. (rambutan), and unripe green Mangifera indica L. (mango) with corn starch, as possible sources of pharmaceutical grade starch.

METHODS: The starch from the seeds of these fruits was isolated and characterized through their physicochemical (organoleptic characteristics, percent yield, amylose-amylopectin ratio, bulk density, tapped density, compressibility index, Hausner ratio, angle of repose, solubility, swelling power, and viscosity) and pharmacopoeial properties (identification test, pH, loss on drying, and limit of iron). Morphology of the granules was also assessed.

RESULTS: The physicochemical properties showed that amylose content of the seed starches was significantly lower (p=0.001) and amylopectin content significantly higher (p=0.001) than the native high amylose corn starch. The lower values of bulk and tapped densities, and high values in compressibility index and Hausner ratio of the seed starches compared to corn starch may be due to their smaller particles. The results of the pharmacopoeial characterization showed compliance with the United States Pharmacopeia's (USP) acceptable limits, except for the pH of marang seeds.

CONCLUSION: The starches isolated from the fruit seeds have unique properties, but only rambutan seed starch has the most desirable physicochemical and pharmacopoeial properties that is comparable with corn starch. Rambutan seeds could be utilized as a source of starch for pharmaceutical applications.

In this study, we describe the preliminary application for the delineation of a metal object using cone-beam reconstruction (CBR) based on limited electronic portal imaging device (EPID) projections. A typical Feldkamp, Davis and Kress (FDK) reconstruction algorithm accompanying the edge preserving smoothing filter was used as only a few projections are acquired for reconstruction. In a correlation study of the projection numbers, we found that the size of the seeds and their location depicted by these CBR images were almost identical. Limited views were used for CBR, and our method is inexpensive and competitive for use in clinical applications.
Electronics ; Electrons ; Seeds ; Statistics as Topic

OBJECTIVETo study chemical constituents in the seeds of Datura Stramonium (Solanaceae family).

METHODCompounds were isolated and purified by silica gel, MCI and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography, and their structures were determined based on physicochemical constants and spectroscopic analysis including NMR and MS.

RESULTTwelve compounds were isolated and identified from Datura stramonium, they were N-trans-feruloyl tryptamine (1), hyoscyamilactol (2), scopoletin (3), umckalin (4), daturaolone (5), daturadiol (6), N-trans-ferulicacyl- tyramine (7), cleomiscosin A (8), fraxetin (9), scopolamine (10), 1-Acetyl-7-hydrox-beta-carbol-ine (11), 7-hydroxy-beta-carbolinel-propionic acid (12).

CONCLUSIONCompound 2, 7, 9 and 12 were obtained from Datura genus for the first time, whereas compound 1, 4, 8 and 11 were obtained from the Solanaceae family for the first time.

Contamination by Aspergillus flavus and aflatoxin B1 of 20 samples of lotus seed collected at Ha Noi was investigated. The results showed that 100% of samples were contaminated with Aspergillus flavus, the mean contamination rate with Aspergillus flavus was 40%. 4/20 samples was contaminated with aflatoxin B1, the mean contamination amount was 165 ppb, ranged from 17,5 ppb to 434 ppb. The samples were contaminated with aflatoxin B1 as high as A.flavus. The samples of lotus seed collected from traditional medicine shops had the contamination by A.flavus and aflatoxin B1 higher than that taken from the markets
Seeds ; Aspergillus flavus ; Aflatoxins ; epidemiology

OBJECTIVECurrent study was conducted to investigate the seed physiological characteristics of Tulipa edulis and improve germination rate.

METHODAnatomical characteristics was observed. Seed water absorption curve was tested by soaking method. Dynamic of embryo development and germination rate as well as germination index under different conditions were recorded. And the biological test of cabbage seed was used for detecting the germination inhibitors.

RESULTThe embryo rate of newly matured seeds was about 10%, and there was no obstacle of water absorption on testa of T. edulis. The optimum method for embryo development was exposure to 300 mg x L(-1) gibberellin solution for 24 hours, and stratification at 25 degrees C for 70 days followed by stratification at 5 degrees C for 40 days. The germintion rate and germination index of dormancy-broken seeds under the dark environment at 10 degrees C and 15 degrees C were significantly higher than those under other conditions. Additionally, there were some germination inhibitory substances in dry seeds.

CONCLUSIONThe seed of T. edulis can be classified as having complex morphophysiological dormancy, and the morphological embryo dormancy played a leading role. Warm and cold stratification resulted in a fast dormancy breaking effect, and a high germination rate more than 90% could be obtained under the optimum conditions.