DMF Index ; Dental Caries ; diagnosis ; Humans ; Risk Assessment

?AIM: To investigate the changes of nearwork induced transient myopia ( NITM ) in different refractive status after continuous near tasking.?METHODS:Prospective study. Thirty subjects ( aged 18-24, average 20. 9 ± 2. 1, 12 males and 18 females) were recruited in this study. They were divided into 3 groups according to the subjective refraction: 10 with hyperopia (H), 10 with emmetrope (E) and 10 with myopia (M). All the subjects with soft contact lens watched videos on a panel computer at near distance (33cm ~ 40cm). Five measurements of distance refraction in the right eye were performed by using an infrared optometer before, after 30min and 60min sustained viewing task, and the mean of 5 refractive values was recorded as spherical equivalent. Then distance refraction of right eyes was done every 5s followed by stopping near tasking until NITM was disappeared completely and the decay time of NITM was recorded for each subject. The value of NITM was the difference of refractive values between before and after near tasking. Paired-t test was used to compare the changes of refractive values in the same group. ANOVA was used to determine the differences of NITM and its decaying time among three groups.?RESULTS: Compared with pre - task, no significant refractive changes were found in hyperopic group ( t =1. 627,P= 0. 138 ); While subjects with emmetropia and myopia showed more myopic shifts at the two time points (tE = 2. 699, PE = 0. 024;tM = 4. 930, PM = 0. 001 ). With continuous viewing until the 30th min and 60th min, significant differences of averaged NITM were found between myopic group and other 2 groups (P<0. 05), but no difference was found between hyperopic group and emmetropic group (P>0. 05). Significant differences of the decay time of NITM can be seen among the three groups after near tasking (F=787. 983,P<0. 001).? CONCLUSION: Subjects with myopia are more susceptible to produce NITM than other 2 groups during sustained nearwork for the same time and the decaying time of NITM is longer in myopia group after near tasking, thus it is suggesting that NITM might be attributed to the development and progression of myopia.

Objective To report a peliosis hepatic in child and review literature and discuss.Methods Case history was inquired.Physical,labtoratory,imagement and histopathology of liver biopsy(HE staining) were examed.Results A 4-year old girl appeared dermatitis with erythema and herpes at local skin where was bit by insect before onset.The girl appeared fever,cough,then abdominal pain,hepatomegaly,pleural effusion and ascites.Lab examination revealed slight elevation of aspartate transaminase,?-glutamyltranspeptidase and alkaline phosphatase.The liver B-mode ultrasonography and CT scan revealed hepatomegaly with density heterogeneity of the parenchyma.The liver biopsy revealed many small capsule filled with blood cells.Conclusions Clinical characteristics of the disease are fever,upper abdomen pain,janundice,ascites and hepatomegaly.The diagnosis shall be combined with the pathologic biopsy of liver.

Objective To investigate the effect of high power microwave(HPM) irradiation on neuropeptide Y (NPY) and neural nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) expression in the cerebral cortex and hippoeampus of Wistar rats. Methods A total of 110 Wistar rats were used for this study.Three groups of 30 Wistar rats were exposed to HPM irradiation at intensities of 3,10,30 and 100 mW/cm~2,respectively.Twenty rats served as controls and were ex- posed to sham HPM irradiation.At 6 h,and at 1,3,7,14 and 28 d after irradiation,five rats from each group were sacrificed,and their cerebral cortices and hippocampi were harvested.HE staining was used to highlight any change in the structure of the cerebral cortex or hippocampus.Immunohistochemistry techniques and image analysis were used to study the changes in NPY and nNOS expression.Results 10 to 100 mW/cm~2 HPM irradiation caused pyc- nosis and deep staining of some neurons in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus.The increase in nNOS expression and decrease in NPY expression observed were significant at 3 days after irradiation.Conclusion HPM irradiation can induce injury in neurons of the cerebral cortex and hippoeampus,and abnormal NPY and nNOS expression.

OBJECTIVETo characterize the biologic featrues of hepatic oval cells and their protein expression profiles during induced differentiation in vitro.

METHODSRat hepatic oval cells were treated with epidermal growth factor (EGF) and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) in vitro, followed by morphological and molecular marker assessment by electromicroscopy, immunocytochemistry, RT-PCR and protein expression chip technology.

RESULTSTen weeks after induction, the levels of GST-P mRNA and M2-PK mRNA were significantly reduced, whereas those of ALB and CK18 were elevated. Significant variations of expression was seen in 8 protein species during the course of the induced differentiation.

CONCLUSIONCombined EGF and HGF treatment in vitro induces cell differentiation of hepatic oval cells, a process in which 8 protein species may play some regulatory roles.

Albumins ; metabolism ; Animals ; Cell Differentiation ; drug effects ; Epidermal Growth Factor ; pharmacology ; Glutathione Transferase ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Hepatocyte Growth Factor ; pharmacology ; Hepatocytes ; cytology ; metabolism ; ultrastructure ; Immunohistochemistry ; Keratin-18 ; metabolism ; Protein Array Analysis ; Pyruvate Kinase ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; RNA, Messenger ; metabolism ; Rats ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction

OBJECTIVETo explore the pathological characteristics and the dynamic change regularity of the testis induced by high power microwave (HPM) radiation.

METHODSOne hundred and sixty-five male Wistar rats were exposed to 0, 3, 10, 30 and 100 mW/cm2 HPM radiation for five minutes, and changes of testicular morphology and teratogenic ratio of epididymal spermatozoa were observed through light microscope and electron microscope at 6 h, 1, 3, 7, 14, 28 and 90 d after radiation.

RESULTSInjury of testicular spermatogenic cells in rats might be induced by 3 to approximately 100 mW/cm2 HPM radiation, and the main pathological changes were degeneration, necrosis, shedding of spermatogenic cells, formation of multinuclear giant cells, decrease or loss of sperm and interstitial edema. Injury of spermatogenic cells underwent such phases as death and shedding, cavitation, regeneration and repair, characterized by being focalized, inhomogenous and phased. And the severity of pathological changes of the testis increased with power density. There was only scattered degeneration, necrosis, shedding of spermatogenic cells in the seminiferous tubule one day after 3 mW/cm2 radiation, and the pathological changes six hours after 10 mW/cm2 radiation was similar to those one day after 3 mW/cm2 radiation, but with the formation of multinuclear giant cells, and the above-mentioned pathological changes aggravated from one day to seven days after radiation. There was a significant increase in degeneration, necrosis, shedding of spermatogenic cells, as well as a significant decrease in spermatozoa and focal necrosis in simple seminiferous tubules six hours after 30 and 100 mW/cm2 radiation, and the subsequent changes were similar to those of 10 mW/cm2 radiation. There was a significant increase in teratogenic ratio of epididymal spermatozoa at 3 d, 1 to approximately 7 d, 6 h to approximately 7 d after 3, 10, 30 and 100 mW/cm2 microwave radiation respectively (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONHPM radiation may cause injury of testicular spermatogenic cells in rats, which has a positive correlation to radiation dosage and time.

Animals ; Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation ; Male ; Microwaves ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Spermatozoa ; pathology ; radiation effects ; Testis ; pathology ; radiation effects

BACKGROUND: Acetabular defect is one of the typical characteristics of adult developmental dysplasia of the hip. The acetabular defect caused an insufficient coverage to the femoral head, which means the contact area between them decreased and the pressure increased. Stress concentration could quicken hip wear and lead to arthritis or dislocation of the hip. Till now, there is no accepted objective criterion about what degree defect could lead to biomechanics changes in the hip. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the influence of different degrees of acetabular defect on the stress distribution of hip joint by using three-dimensional finite element method, and provide theoretical guidance for clinical treatment of hip dysplasia. METHODS: CT thin layer scanning data of normal adult hip were selected. Hip dysplasia models with varying degrees of bone defect were built by using Mimics15.0 and Hypermesh software. Von Mises stress distribution on the subchondral bone of the hip was analyzed by using Ansys10.0 software in the case of single foot touchdown. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Each model result was consistent with the actual situation. The maximum Von Mises stress value appeared at the top of the acetabulum dome and medial posterior femoral neck. When simulating one leg standing, the smaller the CE angle, the greater the maximum Von Mises stress on femoral head was; and acetabulum increased from 2.768 MPa and 3.029 MPa with 30° CE angle to 11.075 MPa and 15.322 MPa with 5° CE angle. This change was more obvious when CE angle was less than 15°. These findings confirmed that acetabular defect increases the peak stress of the hip joint, and the greater the defect, the greater the stress was. It is suggested that clinical intervention should be done as early as possible in patients with acetabular defect.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the clinical manifestation and pathological features of chronic rejection (CR) and the management of CR after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT).

METHODSFrom January 2004 to December 2006, there were 516 patients who had undergone OLT. All the clinical and pathological data were collected and retrospectively studied. Clinical manifestation, histopathological feature, diagnosis and anti-rejection treatment of CR were summarized and analyzed.

RESULTSThe incidence of CR was 2.3% (12/516), including 7 cases with early phases of CR and 5 cases with late phases of CR. The main pathological changes of CR were the vanishing bile duct syndrome and obliterative arteriopathy;and the early stage of CR were the damage of inter lobular bile duct, necrotic inflammation in central lobule, and inflammatory cells infiltration in portal area. Among 12 patients with CR, 7 cases with early CR were reversed by methylprednisolone (MP) pulse treatment and adjusting immunosuppressant dose, including 2 cases of whom were prescribed OKT3 treatment and 2 cases treated by ATG, and 5 cases with late CR underwent liver retransplantation (re-LT). Two patients died from infection, 1 case died from multiple organ failure in perioperative period after re-LT, another 2 cases were cured by re-LT, and the CR related mortality was 25.0% (3/12).

CONCLUSIONSChronic rejection following OLT is lack of typical clinical manifestation and pathological features, and the pathological changes can overlap and coexist. Post-transplant liver biopsy and graft specimen after re-LT is still "gold standard" to CR diagnosis. Some of early CRs can be reversed by early diagnosis and early treatment; for late CR recipient, re-LT should be considered.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Child ; Chronic Disease ; Female ; Graft Rejection ; diagnosis ; pathology ; therapy ; Humans ; Liver Transplantation ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo explore the association between early menarche and physical fitness among adolescent girls in China.

METHODSResearch material was selected from the data of "2010 National Physical Fitness and Health Survey". Probability unit regression method was used to calculate the age of 10th percentile at menarche and menarche age before the 10th percentile was defined as early menarche(9.0-11.6 years old). A total of 1072 girls with early menarche were selected. Each girl with early menarche was matched with one girl from the same urban or rural locations who hadn't achieved menarche with the age difference less than 0.1 years. A total of 1072 girls without menarche were selected. Indicators of physical fitness included 50 m running, standing broad jump, 50 m×8 shuttle running and sit-ups. Differences of physical fitness between early menarche and without menarche were analyzed using t test stratified by age and urban/rural area. The multilevel models of single dependent variable and multiple dependent variables were used to analyze association between early menarche and physical fitness.

RESULTSA total of 2144 students were put in this research. Among girls (11.0-11.6 years old) in urban areas, 50 m running, standing broad jump and sit-ups was (9.78 ± 0.85) s, (153.81 ± 18.59) cm, and 27.79 ± 10.25, respectively for those with early menarche, while in girls without menarche was (10.01 ± 0.90) s, (149.71 ± 18.72) cm and 26.28 ± 10.11, respectively. There were significant differences between two groups on all above variables (t values were 4.02, 3.43 and 2.31, respectively with all P values <0.01). Among girls in rural, 50 m×8 shuttle-running and sit-ups was (125.22 ± 15.57) s and 24.96 ± 8.97 for those with early menarche, while it was (120.92 ± 13.06) s and 22.96 ± 9.83 for those without menarche. There were significant differences between two groups on both variables(t values were 3.89 and 2.77 with both P values < 0.01). In addition, 50 m×8 shuttle-running in girls (10.0-10.9 years old) with early menarche was (128.52 ± 15.74) s and it was (123.89 ± 13.50) s in girls without menarche. The difference was significant (t = 2.14, P < 0.05). The multilevel analysis showed that 50 m running, standing broad jump and sit-ups in girls with early menarche was 0.12 s, 3.14 cm and 1.11 higher than girls without menarche (Waldχ(2) values were 4.00, 6.22 and 4.07, respectively with all P values < 0.05). But 50 m×8 shuttle-running in girls with early menarche was 1.95 s less than girls without menarche (Waldχ(2) = 3.96, P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONEarly menarche may be associated with higher speed fitness, leg power and muscle power and lower physical stamina.

Child ; China ; Female ; Humans ; Menarche ; physiology ; Models, Statistical ; Physical Fitness ; physiology ; Rural Population ; Students ; Urban Population

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of high power microwave (HPM) radiation on the expression of beta(1)-adrenergic receptor (beta(1)-AR) and M(2)-muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (M(2)-AchR) in cardiomyocytes.

METHODSS-band HPM device of mean power density 2 approximately 90 mW/cm(2) was used to irradiate 150 healthy Wistar male rats. Immunohistochemistry and image analysis were used to study the pathological characteristics of heart tissue and the expression of beta(1)-AR and M(2)-AchR.

RESULTSRadiation of over 10 mW/cm(2) made myocardial fibers disordered in arrangement, degeneration even sarcoplasm condensation, Pace cells necrosis, and Purkinje cells lysis in a dose-dependent manner (r = 0.968, P < 0.05). beta(1)-AR expression in endocardium, membrane and cytoplasm of myocardium of left ventricle was increased on d1 after radiation, peaked on d3 (P < 0.05) and recovered on d14. M(2)-AchR expression was peaked on d1 (P < 0.01) and recovered on d14.

CONCLUSIONCertain degree intensity of HPM radiation may cause heart injury, and increased expressions of beta(1)-AR and M(2)-AchR, which may play an important role in the pathophysiology of heart injury induced by HPM.

Animals ; Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation ; Heart ; radiation effects ; Male ; Microwaves ; adverse effects ; Myocytes, Cardiac ; metabolism ; radiation effects ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Receptor, Muscarinic M2 ; biosynthesis ; Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-1 ; biosynthesis