ObjectiveTo screen suitable packaging and storage conditions for small packaged Alismatis Rhizoma decoction pieces， laying the foundation for developing standardized storage， maintenance techniques and determining shelf life. MethodsUsing the accelerated stability test method， the small packaged decoction pieces of Alismatis Rhizoma were placed in polyethylene plastic bags， aluminum foil polyethylene composite bags， and cowhide coated paper bags under temperature of （40±2） ℃ and relative humidity of （75±5）% conditions， the quality testing was conducted at the end of the 0^th， 1^st， 2^nd， 3^rd， and 6^th month， respectively. Using long-term stability test method， an orthogonal experiment was designed to investigate storage conditions， packaging materials， and packaging methods. At the end of the 0^th， 1^st， 3^rd， 6^th， 9^th， 12^th， 18^th， and 24^th month， the quality of small packaged Alismatis Rhizoma decoction pieces was tested under different packaging and storage conditions（including 2 packaging methods：vacuum packaging and sealed packaging， 3 storage conditions：room temperature， cool， and modified atmosphere， 3 packaging materials：cowhide coated paper bag， aluminum foil polyethylene composite bag， and polyethylene plastic bag）. Then， the G1-entropy weight method combined with orthogonal experiment was used to analyze the quality changes of the decoction pieces under different packaging and storage conditions to identify optimal packaging and storage conditions. The quality testing indicators for Alismatis Rhizoma decoction pieces were expanded beyond those specified in the 2020 edition of the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China. In addition to the existing indicators（characteristics， moisture content， extractives， and the total content of 23-acetyl alisol B and 23-acetyl alisol C）， new indicators including color value， water activity， total triterpenoid content， and alisol B content have been added. ResultsThe accelerated stability test results indicated that the quality of small packaged Alismatis Rhizoma decoction pieces was more stable when packaged in aluminum foil-polyethylene composite materials compared to cowhide-coated paper bags and polyethylene plastic bags. Analysis of the long-term stability test results using the G1-entropy weight method combined with orthogonal experiment revealed that storage conditions had the greatest impact on both raw and salt-processed products， followed by packaging materials， while the packaging method had the least influence. For both types of small packaged Alismatis Rhizoma decoction pieces， modified atmosphere storage demonstrated superior efficacy compared to cool storage or room temperature storage. Storage in aluminum foil-polyethylene composite bags was superior to polyethylene plastic bags or cowhide-coated paper bags. However， the stability of sealed raw products was better than vacuum-packed ones， whereas vacuum-packed salt-processed products exhibited greater stability than their sealed counterparts. ConclusionBased on the results of the quality changes of small packaged Alismatis Rhizoma decoction pieces under different storage conditions， it is recommended that the suitable storage packaging conditions for small packaged raw products are sealed packaging with aluminum foil polyethylene composite bags and controlled atmosphere storage， and the suitable storage and packaging conditions for small packaged salt-processed products are vacuum packaging with aluminum foil polyethylene composite bags and controlled atmosphere storage.

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder （ADHD） is often accompanied by tic disorder. The core pathogenesis is considered to be ministerial fire scorching yin and internal stirring of deficient wind， which leads to disharmony between the body and spirit， resulting in clinical manifestations. The treatment principles emphasize nourishing yin fluids， calming ministerial fire， and extinguishing endogenous wind （内风）. The method of nourishing yin fluids is applied throughout the entire treatment process， commonly using ingredients such as Shudihuang （Rehmanniae Radix Praeparata）， Shanzhuyu （Corni Fructus）， Gouqizi （Lycii Fructus）， Wuweizi （Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus）， and Tusizi （Cuscutae Semen）. These are combined with approaches to harmonize the zang-fu organs， primarily including extinguishing liver wind， clearing heart fire， nourishing kidney water， and strengthening spleen earth， thereby stabilizing ministerial fire and extinguishing endogenous wind. Additionally， emotional regulation and smoothing emotional constraint are essential to improve clinical symptoms in children with ADHD comorbid with tic disorder.

Background Coal workers' pneumoconiosis is a serious occupational disease in China. Exhaled volatile organic compounds (VOCs) can serve as the "breath fingerprint" of internal pathological processes, which provides a theoretical basis for exhaled VOCs to be used as potential non-invasive biomarkers for early diagnosis of coal workers' pneumoconiosis. Objective To screen out the characteristic VOCs and important characteristic VOCs of exhaled air in patients with coal workers' pneumoconiosis, and to explore the potential of these VOCs as biomarkers for early non-invasive diagnosis of the disease. Methods In this study, 27 VOCs in the exhaled breath of 22 patients with stage I coal workers' pneumoconiosis, 77 workers exposed to dust, and 92 healthy controls were quantitatively detected by thermal desorption gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (TD-GC-MS). Substances with P<0.05 in univariate analysis and variable importance projection (VIP) >1 in supervised orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) model were selected as the characteristic VOCs for early diagnosis of coal workers' pneumoconiosis. Age was included in the LASSO regression model as a covariate to screen out important characteristic VOCs, and the diagnostic performance was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Spearman correlation was further used to explore the correlation between important characteristic VOCs and clinical lung function indicators. Results Through univariate analysis and OPLS-DA modeling, 8 VOCs were selected, including 2-methylpentane, 3-methylpentane, n-hexane, methylcyclopentane, n-heptane, methylcyclohexane, 4-methyl-2-pentanone, and 2-hexanone, in exhaled breath of patients with coal workers' pneumoconiosis. The concentrations of 4 VOCs, including 3-methylpentane, n-hexane, 4-methyl-2-pentanone, and 2-hexanone, showed a decreasing trend with the increase of dust exposure years. By LASSO regression, the important characteristic VOCs of the coal workers' pneumoconiosis group and the dust exposure group were n-hexane, methylcyclohexane and 4-methyl-2-pentanone, and the important characteristic VOCs of the coal workers' pneumoconiosis group and the healthy group were 2-methyl-pentane and 4-methyl-2-pentanone. The ROC analysis showed that the area under the curve (AUC) of n-hexane, methylcyclohexane, and 4-methyl-2-pentanone were 0.969, 0.909, and 0.956, respectively, and the AUC of combined diagnosis was 0.988 and its Youden index was 0.961, suggesting that these results can serve as a valuable reference for further research on early diagnosis. The Correlation analysis found that there was a positive correlation between n-hexane and lung function indicators in the important characteristic VOCs, indicating that it could indirectly reflect the obstruction of lung function ventilation, further proving that important characteristic VOCs have the potential to monitor lung function decline. Conclusion Three important characteristic VOCs selected in this study have the potential to be used as non-invasive biomarkers for early diagnosis and disease monitoring of coal workers' pneumoconiosis, and are worthy of further study and verification.

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is one of the most common and severe nephropathy syndromes in clinical practice and also one of the most common serious complications after organ transplantation, with high incidence and fatality. Iron is an essential trace element in the body. Ferroptosis is a form of programmed cell death induced by the accumulation of iron-mediated lipid peroxidation, and its occurrence is closely related to iron metabolism, lipid metabolism, amino acid metabolism and multiple signaling pathways. Recent studies have shown that ferroptosis plays a key role in the occurrence and development of AKI and provides therapeutic targets for AKI. This article summarizes the regulatory mechanism of ferroptosis and its role in AKI, as well as the compounds that play an important role in the prevention and treatment of AKI by inhibiting ferroptosis, providing new ideas for the future treatment and research of AKI.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of parthenolide （PLT） on systemic inflammation and intestinal injury in rats with acute pancreatitis （AP） by regulating the Kelch-like epichlorohydrin-associated protein 1 （Keap1）/nuclear factor-erythroid-2 related factor 2 （Nrf2）/heme oxygenase-1 （HO-1） signaling pathway. METHODS AP rat model was established by injecting 3.5% sodium taurine cholate solution （1 mL/kg） into the biliary pancreatic duct， and modeled rats were divided into AP group， PLT （300 µg/kg） group， dexamethasone （2 mg/kg） group， inhibitor （11 mg/kg Nrf2 inhibitor ML385） group， and PLT+inhibitor group （300 µg/kg PLT+11 mg/kg ML385）， with 10 rats in each group. Another 10 rats were taken as a sham operation group. Each group was given relevant medicine or normal saline via tail vein/intraperitoneal injection once. After 24 h， serum lipase and amylase levels， the levels of oxidative stress index [superoxide dismutase （SOD） and malondialdehyde （MDA）] and inflammatory factors [interleukin-1β （IL-1β）， IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α）] were detected. The histopathological changes in colon mucosa and pancreas were observed， and Chiu and Schmidt scores were performed. The cell apoptosis in colon mucosa and the protein expressions of Keap1， Nrf2 and HO-1 were detected. RESULTS Compared with the sham operation group， there was obvious inflammatory cell infiltration in colon mucosa and pancreatic tissue， cell shedding or tissue necrosis and severe bleeding； serum levels of lipase， amylase， MDA， IL-1β， IL-6 and TNF-α， Chiu and Schmidt scores， apoptotic rate and protein expression of Keap1 in colonic mucosa were significantly increased or up-regulated， while SOD level and protein expressions of Nrf2 20230993） and HO-1 were decreased or down-regulated significantly （P＜0.05）. Compared with the AP group， the above indexes in the PLT group and dexamethasone group were significantly improved， while those in the inhibitor group further deteriorated （P＜0.05）. Inhibitor could significantly reverse the improvement effect of PLT on the above indexes in AP rats （P＜ 0.05）. CONCLUSIONS PLT inhibits inflammation and oxidative stress in AP rats， alleviates intestinal damage， and its mechanism may be related to inhibiting protein expression of Keap1 and activating Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway.

Objective: To explore the relationship between stigma and mental resilience in adolescent epilepsy patients and associated factors, so as to provide reference for future psychological intervention in adolescent patients with epilepsy. Methods: A total of 295 adolescent patients with epilepsy from Wuhan Mental Health Center were enrolled as participants from February 2021 to October 2024. The stigma was evaluated by Kilifi Stigma Scale for Epilepsy (KSSE), and psychological resilience was evaluated by Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC). Associated factors of stigma and psychological resilience in adolescent patients with epilepsy were analyzed by multivariate Logistic regression analysis. Results: In the adolescent patients with epilepsy, KSSE score was (10.90±4.13) points, with 138 cases (46.78%) at low level, 154 cases (52.20%) at moderate level and 3 cases (1.02%) at high level. CD-RISC score was (50.19±5.97) points, there were 170 cases (57.63%) at low level and 125 cases (42.37%) at high level. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that disease course >3 years ( OR =2.22), family history of epilepsy ( OR = 4.18) , monthly family income ≤5 000 yuan ( OR =2.05), single parent family ( OR =2.46) and middle and high stigma level ( OR = 1.72) had a higher risk on low level of mental resilience ( P <0.05). The course of disease >3 years ( OR =2.20), family history of epilepsy ( OR =3.54), general seizure ( OR =2.12), monthly family income ≤5 000 yuan ( OR =2.70), low level of mental resilience ( OR =2.03) of adolescent epilepsy patients showed a high risk on moderate high level of stigma ( P <0.05). Conclusions The stigma level is higher, while psychological resilience is lower in adolescent patients with epilepsy. Clinically, targeted intervention should be implemented based on related factors such as stigma in addescent patients with epilepsy.

Yunnan Province borders with Myanmar, Vietnam, and Laos, the China-Myanmar border area is the key area for prevention of re-establishment from imported malaria after the disease was eliminated in China. Since the malaria elimination action plan was launched in Yunnan Province in 2011, 129 counties (cities, districts) were classified into three categories according to malaria incidence and transmission risk, and different technical strategies and measures were implemented with adaptations to local circumstances. A total of 68 malaria consultation service stations were established on the Chinese side of the China-Myanmar border and 80 malaria prevention and control stations were established on the Myanmar side by Yunnan Province in 2014. Then, the “Three Lines of Defense” strategy was implemented for malaria elimination in the China-Myanmar border area in Yunnan Province during the period from 2015 to 2018, and this strategy was further refined and adjusted to the “3 + 1” strategy for prevention of re-establishment from imported malaria in 2019. Through decades of multifaceted efforts, the malaria elimination goal was achieved in Yunnan Province in June 2021. However, the number of imported malaria cases appeared a tendency towards a rise in Yunnan Province in 2023 and 2024, due to changes in the situation in Myanmar and the gradual resumption of international travel and border crossings following the adjustment of the COVID-19 prevention and control policy in China. The joint malaria prevention and control cooperation between China and Myanmar was initiated with the pilot project for joint malaria prevention and control in the China-Myanmar border area in 2005, and this project was progressed into the joint malaria and dengue fever prevention and control project in parts of the Greater Mekong Subregion border areas in 2010. The threat of overseas malaria epidemics to border areas in Yunnan Province was effectively reduced through implementation of coordination meetings with Myanmar health departments, establishment of efficient information exchange mechanisms, establishment of overseas surveillance sentinel sites, technical training, provision of material supports, joint propagation activities and joint responses to malaria epidemics. This project was incorporated into the Five-Year Plan of Action on Lancang-Mekong Cooperation (2018—2022) in China in 2018, with 5 liaison offices and 20 liaison workstations established in Myanmar, Laos, Vietnam, Cambodia, and Thailand, and 21 cross-border malaria surveillance sites assigned in border areas of Myanmar, Laos and Vietnam, and a long-term malaria prevention and control cooperation mechanisms was established through meetings, training, propagation, and joint investigations. Currently, Yunnan Province is poised to engage in more extensive and in-depth cooperation with neighboring countries, including malaria diagnosis and treatment techniques, drug and vaccine research and development, talent cultivation, information sharing, cross-border human health services, and health promotion, under the guidance of the Five-Year Plan of Action on Lancang-Mekong Cooperation (2023—2027).

BackgroundSeveral studies have confirmed that there is a relationship among parenting rearing behaviors， adolescent depression and rumination， moreover， rumination has been found to mediate the relationship between overall parenting rearing behaviors and adolescent depression， while little is known about the mediating role of rumination in the relationship between each dimension of parenting rearing behaviors and adolescent depression. ObjectiveTo explore the mediating role of rumination in the relationship between each dimension of parenting rearing behaviors and adolescent depression， so as to provide reference for the prevention of adolescent depression. MethodsIn March and April 2022， a stratified random sampling technique was utilized to select 302 students in grades 7 to 12 at a middle school in Ningxian county， Gansu Province as the research subjects. The Beck Depression Inventory-II of Chinese Version （BDI-II-C）， short-form Egna Minnen av Barndoms Uppfostran （S-EMBU） and Ruminative Response Scale （RRS） were administered to all subjects. Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated. Amos 24.0 was used to check the presence of mediation effect. ResultsA total of 302 （94.08%） completed valid questionnaires. Correlation analysis indicated that the scores of both father's and mother's emotional warmth dimension in the S-EMBU were negatively correlated with the BDI-II-C scores （r=-0.424， -0.297， P<0.01）， RRS total score （r=-0.347~-0.175， P<0.01） and RRS each factor score （r=-0.179~-0.285， P<0.01）； the scores of both father's and mother's rejection dimension in the S-EMBU were positively correlated with the BDI-II-C scores （r=0.355， 0.248， P<0.01）， RRS total score （r=0.262~0.358， P<0.01） and RRS each factor score （r=0.274~0.339， P<0.01）； the scores of both father's and mother's overprotection dimension in the S-EMBU were positively correlated with the BDI-II-C scores （r=0.286， 0.245， P<0.01）， RRS total score （r=0.175~0.333， P<0.01） and RRS each factor score （r=0.150~0.255， P<0.01）. Rumination might mediated the relationship of father's emotional warmth， father's overprotection， mother's overprotection， and mother's rejection with adolescent depression， the effect value were -0.110， 0.221， -0.121， 0.136， and the effect size were 36.07%， 100.00%， 100.00%， 100.00%. ConclusionRumination may play a mediation role in the relationship of father's emotional warmth， father's overprotection， mother's overprotection， and mother's rejection with adolescent depression. ［Funded by Shaanxi Provincial Key Research and Development Program （number， 2024SF-YBXM-078）； Reaearch and Development Fund of the First Affliated Hoapital of Xi'an JiaoTong University （number， 2022HL-23）］

ObjectiveA multiplex amplification system was constructed based on the capillary electrophoresis platform for simultaneous detection of saliva, semen, and vaginal secretions using tissue-specific RNA markers. The aim of this study is to identify the tissue origin of suspicious body fluid stains found at crime scenes and determine whether the body fluid stains at the crime scene are one or several types among saliva, semen, and vaginal secretions. MethodsThirty saliva samples, forty semen samples, and forty vaginal secretion samples (half from 2015 and half from 2024) were collected from healthy adult volunteers. Through primer designing, system formulation, and PCR condition optimization, a multiplex fluorescent amplification system was constructed. The specificity, sensitivity, and detection ability for mixed samples of this system were investigated, and it was tested using real crime scene materials. In the primer design stage, to reduce the requirements for RNA template quality, the amplification products were set within 80-300 bp. In the system formulation stage, dominant and subordinate primers were mainly considered. By reducing the concentration of dominant primers and increasing that of subordinate primers, a capillary electrophoresis spectrum with an appropriate peak height ratio was finally obtained. Additionally, gradient experiments were designed to adjust the concentrations of PCR reagents and PCR amplification conditions, and multiple versions of DNA amplification enzymes were optimized to achieve the best experimental results. ResultsThrough statistical analysis, there was no significant difference in the capillary electrophoresis of the 3 types of body fluid samples from the two years (2015 and 2024), demonstrating that the sample preservation method in this study can preserve samples for a relatively long time. The composite amplification system constructed in this study exhibited high specificity for all 3 types of body fluid, with no cross-reactions between the markers of each type of body fluid. The minimum detection thresholds for the 3 types of body fluid reached 0.002 9, 0.001 5, and 0.42 mg/L, respectively. This system also had a high degree of discrimination for mixed samples, especially for semen-saliva mixtures, where each body fluid marker could still be successfully detected when the concentration ratio of semen to saliva was 100:1. Meanwhile, in the two actual cases presented in this article, the application of this composite amplification system performed outstandingly. ConclusionThe composite amplification detection system constructed in this study can achieve the correct screening of saliva, semen, and vaginal secretions, overcoming the problems such as low specificity and sensitivity of marker tests and unbalanced RFU values of each marker in previous studies. The specificity and sensitivity meet the practical work requirements, and the operation is simple. It provides an analytical and identification method for body fluid stains in actual case and is applicable to the identification of the tissue origin of biological evidence at crime scenes involving sexual assault, indecent assault, and other criminal acts. In the future, more types of body fluid markers will be screened to expand the types of body fluids detected by the system, and body fluid-specific cSNP and cInDel genetic markers will be introduced to infer the sources (individuals and types) of mixed and complex stains more accurately.

ObjectiveTo investigate the influence of histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3) on the occurrence, development of psoriasis-like inflammation in mice, and the relative immune mechanisms. MethodsHealthy C57BL/6 mice aged 6-8 weeks were selected and randomly divided into 3 groups: control group (Control), psoriasis model group (IMQ), and HDAC3 inhibitor RGFP966-treated psoriasis model group (IMQ+RGFP966). One day prior to the experiment, the back hair of the mice was shaved. After a one-day stabilization period, the mice in Control group was treated with an equal amount of vaseline, while the mice in IMQ group was treated with imiquimod (62.5 mg/d) applied topically on the back to establish a psoriasis-like inflammation model. The mice in IMQ+RGFP966 group received intervention with a high dose of the HDAC3-selective inhibitor RGFP966 (30 mg/kg) based on the psoriasis-like model. All groups were treated continuously for 5 d, during which psoriasis-like inflammation symptoms (scaling, erythema, skin thickness), body weight, and mental status were observed and recorded, with photographs taken for documentation. After euthanasia, hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining was used to assess the effect of RGFP966 on the skin tissue structure of the mice, and skin thickness was measured. The mRNA and protein expression levels of HDAC3 in skin tissues were detected using reverse transcription real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and Western blot (WB), respectively. Flow cytometry was employed to analyze neutrophils in peripheral blood and lymph nodes, CD4⁺ T lymphocytes, CD8⁺ T lymphocytes in peripheral blood, and IL-17A secretion by peripheral blood CD4⁺ T lymphocytes. Additionally, spleen CD4⁺ T lymphocyte expression of HDAC3, CCR6, CCR8, and IL-17A secretion levels were analyzed. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the localization and expression levels of HDAC3, IL-17A, and IL-10 in skin tissues. ResultsCompared with the Control group, the IMQ group exhibited significant psoriasis-like inflammation, characterized by erythema, scaling, and skin wrinkling. Compared with the IMQ group, RGFP966 exacerbated psoriasis-like inflammatory symptoms, leading to increased hyperkeratosis. The psoriasis area and severity index (PASI) skin symptom scores were higher in the IMQ group than those in the Control group, and the scores were further elevated in the IMQ+RGFP966 group compared to the IMQ group. Skin thickness measurements showed a trend of IMQ+RGFP966>IMQ>Control. The numbers of neutrophils in the blood and lymph nodes increased sequentially in the Control, IMQ, and IMQ+RGFP966 groups, with a similar trend observed for CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T lymphocytes in the blood. In skin tissues, compared with the Control group, the mRNA and protein levels of HDAC3 decreased in the IMQ group, but RGFP966 did not further reduce these expressions. HDAC3 was primarily located in the nucleus. Compared with the Control group, the nuclear HDAC3 content decreased in the skin tissues of the IMQ group, and RGFP966 further reduced nuclear HDAC3. Compared with the Control and IMQ groups, RGFP966 treatment decreased HDAC3 expression in splenic CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cells. RGFP966 treatment increased the expression of CCR6 and CCR8 in splenic CD4⁺ T cells and enhanced IL-17A secretion by peripheral blood and splenic CD4⁺ T lymphocytes. Additionally, compared with the IMQ group, RGFP966 reduced IL-10 protein levels and upregulated IL-17A expression in skin tissues. ConclusionRGFP966 exacerbates psoriatic-like inflammatory responses by inhibiting HDAC3, increasing the secretion of the cytokine IL-17A, and upregulating the expression of chemokines CCR8 and CCR6.