Background: Acute leukemia is a popular cancer in children, accounting for one third of pediatric malignant diseases. 75% of acute leukemia in children is lymphoblastic leukemia. Objective: To study some clinical and hematological characteristics in juveniles who had high risk with ALL. Subjects and method: The study included 164 patients. This was a prospective, descriptive study. Results: The older children were ones with high risk ALL. The symptoms such as fever, splenomegaly and mediastinal mass in high risk ALL patients were often higher than in the standard risk ALL children. White blood cells and lymphoblasts (80.1 +/- 17.8%) in high risk ALL patients were often higher than in the standard risk ALL children. Reduction of hemoglobin concentration and reticulocyte in high risk ALL patients were lower than in the standard risk ALL children. Conclusion: There were many serious prognostic clinical factors about peripheral blood and bone marrow cells in children with high risk ALL.
Leukemia ; ALL ; risk factor

Background: Hypertension is a major cardiovascular risk factor that directly contributes to coronary artery diseases, stroke, Congestive Heart Failure (CHF), renal failure and peripheral arterial disease. Hypertension is a major health problem in many countries. A number of important causal factors for hypertension have been identified, including excess body weight, excess dietary sodium intake, reduced physical activity, and excess alcohol intake\u2026 \r\n', u'Objectives: To study the frequency and risk factors of hypertension in An Lac Commune, Chi Linh district, Hai Duong province. \r\n', u'Subjects and methods: The cross sectional descriptive study was conducted in 1131 adults in An Lac commune on May 2005.\r\n', u'Results: General prevalence of hypertension is 18.9% (male: 19.2%, female: 19.2%). Hypertension is often seen in the elderly (>60:63.6%); blood pressure increasing along with advanced age. Only 30.8 percent of adults are aware of their hypertension and 31.8 percent of individuals with hypertension are on treatment. Salt intake, obesity \u2026were related to hypertension (Odd ratio: 2.1: 3.1; p 0.05). Dyslipidemia are also risk factors of hypertension.\r\n', u'Conclusion: The prevalence of hypertension in the commune is relatively high. Awareness, treatment and control of hypertension is still low.\r\n', u'\r\n', u'
Hypertension ; frequency ; risk factor

OBJECTIVETo investigate the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in tissue or plasma and its clinical implications in different types of lymphoma.

METHODSThe levels of TNF-α in paraffin tissue or plasma samples were detected by immunohistochemistry or ELISA assay in 88 lymphoma patients and 88 healthy controls. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis were used to identify the correlation between Ann Ardor stage, blood cells count, bone marrow abnormalities, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), serum ferritin and TNF-α expression.

RESULTSThe levels of TNF-α had significant difference in different types of lymphoma (P<0.05). High positive and levels in Hodgkin lymphoma [HL, 72.72% and (43.12±15.28) ng/L], aggressive non-HL [NHL, 67.86% and (40.73±16.65) ng/L], and indolent NHL [57.14% and (53.18±20.47) ng/L]. Cox regression analysis showed that Ann Ardor stage, bone marrow abnormalities, ESR, and the levels of TNF-α were independent risk factors for lymphoma with poor prognosis.

CONCLUSIONAs an independent factor, TNF-α may play a role in the development of lymphoma and is an important prognostic factor.

BACKGROUND: Risk factors for the development of inhibitors in previously untreated patients (PUPs) have been reported; this is not the case in previously treated patients (PTPs) owing to fewer studies. Risk factors may differ for the development of PTP versus PUP inhibitors. We aimed to identify risk factors for PTP inhibitor development. METHODS: Participants were patients at a hemophilia treatment center in Korea with current or past history of factor VIII or factor IX alloantibodies. Observed inhibitors were classified as PUP or PTP inhibitors based on the cumulative number of exposure days. We compared the type and severity of hemophilia, mutation type, and family history of inhibitor between PUPs and PTPs. Events within 3 months before the first inhibitor detection, such as change of the factor concentrate used, short-term high exposure or continuous infusion of factor concentrate, history of surgery, infection, diagnosis of cancer, use of immunosuppressive or immunomodulator agents, and vaccination were compared between PUPs and PTPs. RESULTS: We observed 5 PUP inhibitors and 5 PTP inhibitors in 115 patients with hemophilia A. Events that might be related to the development of inhibitors within 3 months prior to the first inhibitor detection were observed in all 5 PTPs. On the contrary, no such events were observed in any PUPs. The observed events included a change in the factor concentrate used, subsequent chemotherapy, and short-term high exposure to factor concentrates for controlling hemorrhage and surgeries. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest a greater role of nongenetic factors in PTP inhibitor development.
Diagnosis ; Drug Therapy ; Factor IX ; Factor VIII ; Hemophilia A ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Isoantibodies ; Korea ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors ; Vaccination

Congenital factor VII deficiency is a rare hemorrhagic disorder, and invasive procedures are likely to cause excessive bleeding in these patients. Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) has been accepted as a curative treatment modality for gastric adenoma, early gastric cancer (EGC) and any other mucosal and submucosal tumors. The most important complications of ESD are bleeding and perforation. The use of antiplatelet agents or coagulopathies are risk factors for these complications. There are only few reports of successful ESD with coagulation disorders. We report a case of a 70-year-old female patient who was diagnosed with a gastric adenoma and factor VII deficiency. The patient was successfully treated with ESD. Before ESD, recombinant Coagulation factor VIIa was injected, and the procedure was performed successfully without any complications. In conclusion, ESD can be performed successfully in patients with factor VII deficiency, when recombinant human factor VIIa is administered properly.
Adenoma* ; Aged ; Endoscopy ; Factor VII Deficiency* ; Factor VIIa ; Female ; Hemorrhage ; Hemorrhagic Disorders ; Humans ; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors ; Risk Factors ; Stomach Neoplasms

Hemophilia A is a sex-linked recessive coagulation disorder associated with diverse mutations of the factor VIII gene and a variety of phenotypes. The type of mutation involved dictates the activity of factor VIII, and in turn the severity of bleeding episodes and development of alloantibodies against factor VIII (inhibitors). Missense mutations are the most common genetic risk factors for hemophilia A, especially mild to moderate cases, but carry the lowest risk for inhibitor development. On the other hand, intron 22 inversion is the most common mutation associated with severe hemophilia A and is associated with high risk of inhibitor formation. Large deletions and nonsense mutations are also associated with high risk of inhibitor development. Additional mutations associated with hemophilia A include frameshift and splice site mutations. It is therefore valuable to assess the mutational backgrounds of hemophilia A patients in order to to interpret their symptoms and manage their health problems.
Codon, Nonsense ; Factor VIII ; Hand ; Hemophilia A ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Introns ; Isoantibodies ; Mutation, Missense ; Phenotype ; Risk Factors

With increased participation in sporting activity, overuse tendon injuries are a major problem in sports medicine. Tendinopathy is generic descriptive term for the clinical conditions in and around tendons arising from overuse. Tendinopathy is debilitating condition that results in significant deficits in performance and prolonged time away from activity. Histological studies show either absent or minimal inflammation. There are three main theories to explain the development of tendinosis, including the mechanical theory, vascular theory, and neural theory. Risk factors are divided into intrinsic factors and extrinsic factors. The management of tendinopathy revolves around modulating tendon pain, as pain is the presenting and limiting factor for activity. Despite an abundance of therapeutic options, the scientific evidence base for managing tendinopathies is limited. The aim of this review is to report the options for most widely used conservative management of tendinopathy.
Athletic Injuries* ; Inflammation ; Intrinsic Factor ; Risk Factors ; Sports Medicine ; Sports* ; Tendinopathy* ; Tendon Injuries ; Tendons

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors are now established as therapeutic agents for treating active rheumatoid arthritis (RA) that is resistant to conventional drug treatment. However, TNF Inhibitors decrease resistance to infection, including unusual infections such as tuberculosis, and they have been shown to impair wound healing in an experimental setting. To date, there is limited data on patients with RA regarding their infections or the complications of surgery performed while taking TNF inhibitors and there is no professional consensus about this. This problem emphasizes a need for awareness and communication between patients, the rheumatologist and the surgeon when treating patients with RA. We reviewed the effects of TNF inhibitors on the incidence of surgical site infection (SSI) and the risk factors for SSIs after performing elective surgery in patients with RA. TNF inhibitors should not be used during the perioperative period until conclusive evidence to the contrary is available.
Arthritis, Rheumatoid ; Consensus ; Humans ; Incidence ; Perioperative Period ; Risk Factors ; Tuberculosis ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; Wound Healing

PURPOSE: This study was done to develop a risk behavior scale for Korean middle school adolescents. METHODS: The process included construction of a conceptual framework, initial items, verification of content validity, selection of secondary items, and extraction of final items. The participants were 717 adolescents from six middle schools in three cities. Item analysis, factor analysis, criterion validity, and internal consistency were used to analyze the data. RESULTS: Fifty seven items were selected for the final scale, and categorized into 4 factors explaining 48.11% of total variance. The factors were labeled as latent problem behavior (38 items), suicidal behavior (7 items), runaways (3 items), and internet negative use (9 items). The scores for the scale were significantly correlated with crisis. Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the 57 items was .92. CONCLUSION: The above findings indicate that the risk behavior scale has good validity and reliability when used with Korean middle school adolescents.
Adolescent* ; Child ; Factor Analysis, Statistical ; Homeless Youth ; Humans ; Internet ; Reproducibility of Results ; Risk-Taking*

BACKGROUND: Recent studies have demonstrated that insulin-like growth factor II mRNA-binding protein 3 (IMP3) is expressed in malignant tumors of various organs but not in normal tissue. We investigated IMP3 expression in various benign lesions, premalignant lesions and carcinomas of the stomach. METHODS: IMP3 immunohistochemical staining was performed on 24 benign gastric lesions, 24 gastric adenomas, and 322 gastric carcinomas. RESULTS: IMP3 was not expressed in benign gastric lesions including adenomas with low-grade dysplasia, but was expressed in 17% of adenomas with high-grade dysplasia, and in 44% of carcinomas. As the carcinomas were in the advanced stage, they expressed IMP3 more frequently and strongly. Patients with IMP3-positive tumors had poorer survival than those with negative tumors. CONCLUSIONS: IMP3 expression in gastric carcinoma may be related to tumor invasion and metastasis, and is an independent risk factor for poor prognosis.
Adenoma ; Humans ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor II ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Prognosis ; Risk Factors ; Stomach