Bloodletting therapy is one of the important methods in various traditional medicines. By analyzing the features of bloodletting indicators, apparatuses and methods recorded by the classics of traditional Chinese medicine and Tibetan medicine, i.e. Huang Di Nei Jing (Internal Canon of Yellow Emperor) and Si Bu Yi Dian (Four Medical Tantras), this article pointed out the different indexes for bloodletting therapy in the two traditional medicine systems, elucidated the varied apparatuses and theories, as well as the evidences for selecting different bloodletting methods, providing theoretical supports for sharing and combining the bloodletting methods of the two traditional medicine systems.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the quality of different sources of Tibetan medicine "Jiawa" by the spectrum-effect relationship. METHODS The HPLC fingerprints of 17 batches of "Jiawa" were analyzed by similarity evaluation, cluster analysis and principal component analysis. Gray correlation degree analysis was used to study the relationship between 13 common fingerprint peaks and DPPH/ABTS radical scavenging capacity of "Jiawa". Due to high correlation with antioxidant activity, the content of ferulic acid was determined. RESULTS The 17 batches of "Jiawa" samples showed varied greatly in fingerprint characteristics, antioxidant activity and content of ferulic acid, which divided into group A and group B. Osmorhiza aristata (group A) showed low similarity in both chemical components and concentration with other samples, should not be used as "Jiawa". Group B included mainstreaming "Jiawa" products in the market(Pleurospermum hookeri, Pleurospermum szechenyii, Vicatia thibetica, Sphallerocarpua gracilis), showed some difference within group. Vicatia thibetica from Linzhi showed the best antioxidant activity and the highest of ferulic acid, while those from Lhasa and its surrounding areas had good antioxidant activity, and the ferulic acid content was moderate. Samples from Aba and Changdu had the minimum level in both antioxidant activity and ferulic acid content. CONCLUSION Ferulic acid is closely related to the antioxidant capacity of "Jiawa", which can be used as an important target to evaluate the quality of Tibetan medicine "Jiawa".

Objective To determine the oral health， related knowledge and behavior of 12-year-old children in Guoluo Prefecture， Qinghai Province， and provide scientific evidence for policy-making of oral health programs. Methods Six counties were selected by using a multi-stage and stratified sampling strategy. Oral health examination and survey questionnaire were performed according to the instructions of the Fourth National Oral Epidemiology Study. The oral health examination included dental caries and periodontal status. The questionnaire investigated oral health knowledge and behavior. Results The prevalence of caries was 71.6% （288/402）and their DMFT was 2.04±1.90. Approximately 1.2% of deciduous teeth were filled. In the children， 81.3% （327/402） had teeth brush every day， while only 42.0% （169/402） brushed twice or more per day. Moreover， 10.2% （41/402） used fluoride toothpaste； in contrast， 62.2% （250/402） did not use toothpaste appropriately. In addition， the survey on dietary habits showed that 41.3% of the children consumed sweetened food once or more per day. Conclusion Oral health education should be further strengthened to promote oral health in children.