No abstract available.
Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators*

No abstract available.
Humans* ; Insulin* ; Receptor, Insulin*

Childhood obesity is a global epidemic, which leads to the increasing number of studies on genetic locations associated with obesity-related traits. Polymorphisms of insulin (INS) gene have been shown to be associated with obesity-related phenotypes in Europeans; while insulin receptor (INSR) gene has been associated with energy regulation. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the association between the INS (rs689) and INSR (rs3745551) gene polymorphisms with childhood obesity risk in a Malay childhood population. Normal weight (538) and overweight or obese (557) children aged 6-12 years old were genotyped using semi-automated Sequenom iPLEX® Gold. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated from measured body weight and height. The rs689 (T/T: 0.006, A/T: 0.159 and A/A: 0.835) and rs3745551 (G/G: 0.054, A/G: 0.378 and A/A: 0.568) genotype distributions were consistent with Hardy Weinberg equilibrium. The T-minor allele frequency for rs689 was 8.6% and G-minor allele frequency for rs3745551 was 24.3%. Minor allele of INS gene polymorphisms significantly increased risk of obesity among Malay children (sex- and age-adjusted OR=1.580; 95%CI: 1.134-2.201). However, INSR gene polymorphisms were not significantly associated with childhood obesity. In conclusion, the polymorphisms of INS gene, rather than INSR gene, were associated with childhood obesity in the Malay population.
Pediatric Obesity ; Receptor, Insulin

Endocannabinoids and cannabinoid receptors are expressed in various central pain modulation regions. They maintain in dynamic changes in the expression level and distribution under different pathological and physiological conditions. These changes possess advantage as well as disadvantage. Exogenous administration of endocannabinoids exerts analgesic effect in different pain models, which is mainly mediated by the cannabinoid CB1 and CB2 receptors. Inhibition of enzymes for degrading endocannabinoids in different pain models also shows analgesic effect due to the increased local levels of endocannabinoids.
Endocannabinoids ; Humans ; Neuralgia ; Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1 ; Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB2

No abstract available.
Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein*

No abstract available.
Animals ; Rats* ; Sensory Receptor Cells*

Animals ; Humans ; Ligands ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Receptor Cross-Talk ; physiology ; Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1 ; physiology ; Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 2 ; genetics ; physiology

No abstract available.
Kidney Diseases* ; Obesity* ; Toll-Like Receptor 4*

To evaluate the expression of ras, neu oncoprotein a.nd epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) on uterine cervieal carcinoma, imimunohistochemieal staining was performed on 9 cases of dysplasia, 39 cases of careinoma in situ(CIS), 32 cases of microinvasive earcinoma(WIC) and 60 cases of frankly invasive carrinoma(FIC). The results obtained were as follows: Ras p21 protein was positive in 29.5% of total cases, and it was very low in dysplasia lesion(12. 5%) and CLS(17.9%) while it was high in MIC(31.3%) and FIC(38.9%). In CIS, parabasal cell type showed positive reaction in only 8.7%, but pleomorpkic type showed 60.0% positivity. Invasive carcinoma showed no significant differences between histolegic types. Expression of neu protein was very high in caneerous group(around 95%) and slight,ly lower in dysp]asia(75.0%). No differences were found depending on histologic types and stages. EGFR was expressed in 51.8% of total cases; 12.5% of dysplasia; 54.2% of all cases of carcinoma. Keratinizing type of CIS showed highest positive reaction(90,0%), of which tendency were also noted in keratinizing type of i.nvasvie cinoma(76.2%). The results suggested that ras and EGFR could be used as a factor of prognostic value.
Epidermal Growth Factor* ; Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor*

No abstract available.
Epidermal Growth Factor* ; Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor*