This paper focuses on issues needed to be clear towards the product quality supervision of medical devices in use. The life circle of medical devices, the supervision regarding its boundary, target, emphasis, basis and standards have been analyzed in turn. A clear and creative idea is also provided for theoretical exploration of the supervision on medical devices in use.
Materials Management, Hospital ; Quality Assurance, Health Care

The health inspection should continuous renew and strengthen its quality and efficacy to contribute to implement successfully the strategy of people health protection and care in the period of 2001-2010, including content and subjects, method of inspection and discipline.
Delivery of Health Care ; Quality Assurance, Health Care

The dietary-regimen of the patients in hospitals has not had unified pattern. There were 4 factors influence the assurance of hygiene in drinking and eating of patients in hospitals: 1, Chef was not considered an occupation because of professional characteristics in hospital; 2, People who had mistakes must work in the nutrition department; 3, Equipments of the nutrition department were different from one to another; 4, Foods and clients.
Hygiene ; Quality Assurance, Health Care ; Diet

This article expounds the quality assurance for the radiotherapy simulator. Emphasis is given to its necessities and the methods, and standards of regular examinations are illustrated for the aim of meeting the requirements of the quality assurance in radiotherapy by the WHO.
Quality Assurance, Health Care ; Quality Control ; Radiotherapy ; instrumentation

BACKGROUND: To prevent medically significant errors, hospital laboratories must perform thorough statistical quality control (QC) procedures. We surveyed the QC status of small laboratories and created new statistical QC software that they can easily use for improving QC. METHODS: A questionnaire on the status of external and internal QC was created and sent to clinics and hospitals with small-scale laboratories. We then created QC software that can be downloaded and installed for free. RESULTS: External quality assessments were performed in 32% of the clinics (22 of 66) and 52% of the hospitals (12 of 23). Seventy-three percent of all institutions (66 of 90) carried out an internal quality assessment based on their own guidelines, mostly using commercialized QC materials. However, only 52% of clinics and 23% of hospitals used their own acceptable range instead of the manufacturer's expected range. In addition, the proportion of manual QC management reached 52% in clinics and 82% in hospitals. The QC software we designed covers all the basic functions of statistical QC and aims to improve the quality of laboratories. CONCLUSIONS: We obtained basic data on the current status of external and internal QC in small-scale laboratories using this survey. Furthermore, we suggested that new QC software may actually help to improve QC of small laboratories.
Laboratories, Hospital* ; Quality Assurance, Health Care ; Quality Control*

One of the requirements for proper running of a pathology laboratory is implementation of a quality assurance programme. Forensic pathology is not exempted, especially so when cases are increasing in complexity. It is not difficult to introduce a quality assurance programme even in a small forensic centre. Among the steps that can be implemented including introduction of a set of minimal standards in performance of the autopsy, timeliness and report writing, a vigorous peer review process either internally or externally and participation in external quality programmes. Proper documentation of the post-mortem process (photography, slides and blocks and various imaging modalities) is to be encouraged. There should be limits set on workload of pathologists as overburden is known to lower standards. A pleasant work environment is also essential. Personal continuous medical education should be made mandatory. Introduction of a quality assurance programme will not only improve standards but minimise possible negligence. The post-mortem reports will be seen to carry more weight in court.
Pathology processes ; quality assurance ; standards characteristics ; With quality ; participation

In order to improve the management of the supplier chain, it is necessary to setup a assessment system on suppliers. The assessment includes lot's of criteria such as quality, cost, service and delivery capabilities. The different criteria should have different weighting. The AHP method is chosen here in the paper to analyse the weighting of individual criteria.
Equipment and Supplies ; economics ; standards ; Quality Assurance, Health Care ; methods

PURPOSE: To survey the current overall quality of mammograms and to improve Korean standards in comparison to the American College of Radiology (ACR) standards for clinical image evaluations. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 104 mammograms, collected from 63 hospitals and clinics, were examined following the revised new Korean standards and ACR standards for clinical image evaluation. The pass and failure rates of the mammogram were evaluated according to each of the standards compared. The pass threshold for the Korean standards was analyzed using the ROC (receiver operating characteristic) curve in association with the ACR standards. The categories of the Korean standards were evaluated in association with failure of the ACR standards. RESULTS: Among the 104 mammograms, 99.0% passed the Korean standards, whereas 86.5% passed the ACR standards. A score of 75.5 was the pass threshold for the Korean standards. Moreover, the Korean standards categories associated with the failure of ACR standards included positioning, compression, and contrast/exposure (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The pass rate of the image evaluation for each mammogram following the Korean standards was 99%, compared to 86.5% for the ACR standards. Hence, the Korean standards were not as stringent. Consequently, stricter regulations are suggested for improvement in the quality of mammograms.
Accreditation ; Breast ; Mammography ; Quality Assurance, Health Care ; Social Control, Formal

The application of KV, MV real-time digital images and 3D reconstructed radiography in quality assurance of radiotherapy, provides effective means to verify the beam center and therapeutic range, calibrate the positioning accuracy and inspect the characteristics of radiotherapy equipment and radiation physics, greatly improves the quality and accuracy of radiotherapy.
Quality Assurance, Health Care ; methods ; Radiographic Image Enhancement ; Radiotherapy ; methods

Operations Research (OR), also called Operational Research in the United Kingdom (UK), uses various computational tools for solutions to complex problems within a system. It deals with challenges in planning, scheduling, forecasting, process analysis and decision analysis. It also addresses individual components of the system. The methodology used for decisions based upon stochastic (random) processes can also be adapted for the common general medical ward round. Operational Research techniques add speed, efficiency, quality and consistency to the documentation in the case notes, and reduces the time taken for ward rounds. There is obvious benefit to the individual patient. It also acts as a learning tool which can be audited, and lends itself to research questions.
Humans ; Medical Audit ; Operations Research ; Quality Assurance, Health Care ; methods