As an important modality in the treatment of central nervous system malignancies of pediatric patients, radiotherapy could improve both local control and long-term survival.However, both short-term and long-term adverse effects are of concerns.In the current review, the role of radiotherapy in the pediatric setting were introduced.

Objective To study the image quality control system to ensure that equipment meet clinical needs.Methods It was scanning the Catphan504 phantom with models of high quality head,standard dose head and pelvis,we could get the results of CT numbers linearity,uniformity,spatial resolution,contrast resolution.Using T test to compare different scanning technique results.Results The standard dose head scanning technique was better than the pelvis scanning technique in CT numbers linearity test,and gets the best result in uniformity test.The result of CT numbers uniformity was higher in the standard dose head scanning than the high quality head and the pelvis scanning (9.7 ±3.9 vs.17.9 ±5.3,P =0.00 and 9.5 ± 4.0 vs.31.1 ± 5.7,P =0.00).The result of contrast resolution was higher in the pelvis scanning than the high quality head and the pelvis scanning (5.6 ± 0.1 vs.1.3 ± 0.5,P =0.00 and 6.0 ± 1.0 vs.1.3 ± 0.5,P =0.00).The result of spatial linear distance was very accurate,the range was 4.98 -5.06 cm.Conclusions The results of spatial linearity test are stable and accuracy,but CT numbers linearity and uniformity test are affected by the scanning technique significantly for device.To spatial resolution test and contrast resolution test,we need to set the standard and tolerance according to each linear accelerator specialty.

Alveolar Process ; Housing ; Humans ; Incisor ; Maxilla ; Tooth Root

To investigate the mechanism of detrusor instability, using an apparatus to measure energy regulated tonicity and length of muscle strip in vitro , detrusor instability in bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) and spinal cord injuries (SCI) after pharmacological intervention was studied. The detrusor of both groups contracted under definite tension. Contraction of DI strips occurred under lower tension and under same tension the frequency of contraction was higher in DI detrusor than the normal one. There were no obvious changes when the detrusor strips were treated with M receptor antagonists, ATP or VIP. Muscarinic receptor agonist could increase the excitability of detrusor. The increase of detrusor excitability plays a major role in the occurrence of DI. The excitability is independent on neurogenic factors.

BACKGROUND:Previous study has found that hsa-miR-182 is probably related to the apoptosis-related genes such as cytochrome C (Cycs C) and calcineurin subunit CnB (PPP3R1) in nucleus pulposus cells.
OBJECTIVE:To determine whether miR-182 plays a regulatory role in nucleus pulposus cel apoptosis by detecting the relative gene expression levels after transfecting miR-182 with Cycs C and PPP3R1 into nucleus pulposus cel s via plasmid delivery.
METHODS:After a bioinformatics prediction about miR-182, miR-182 and target genes were transfected into the nucleus pulposus cel s, and at the same time, blank control group was established. Then the expression levels of the target genes were detected through cel lysis.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:miR-182 significantly inhibited the expression of Cycs C in nucleus pulposus cel s compared with the blank control group (P<0.05). Compared with the blank control group, miR-182 made no inhibitory effect on the expression of PPP3R1. These findings suggest that miR-182 may play a regulatory part in nucleus pulposus cel apoptosis by inhibiting the expression of Cycs C.

Objective To evaluate the safety and efficacy of endovascular embolization in treating ophthalmic segment aneurysms of internal carotid. Methods During the period from July 2008 to August 2013, a total of 23 patients with ophthalmic segment aneurysms of internal carotid were admitted to authors’ hospital to receive endovascular embolization. According to Hunt-Hess classification, grade I lesion was seen in 11 cases, grade Ⅱ in 10 cases and grade Ⅲ in 2 cases. The aneurysm diameter ranged from 2.2 mm to 19.9 mm, with a mean diameter of 5.7 mm. After the treatment follow-up examinations with DSA, MRA and modified Rankin scale were conducted to evaluate the therapeutic results. Results A total of 27 ophthalmic segment aneurysms were detected in 23 patients. Endovascular embolization was performed with guglielmi detachable coils (n = 15) or solitaire AB stent-assisted coil (n = 12). The therapeutic results immediately after the embolization were graded by Raymond classification. Complete obliteration (Grade I) was obtained in 22 aneurysms, residual neck (grade Ⅱ) in 4 aneurysms and residual aneurysm (grade Ⅲ) in one aneurysm. Procedure-related complications occurred in 3 patients, including thrombosis in the aneurysm neck (n=1), tail of the coil protruding into the stent (n=1) and transient blindness (n=1). Eighteen patients were followed up for 2 - 62 months. Follow- up examinations with angiography showed that complete embolization of the aneurysm was obtained in 15 cases (84%) and subtotal embolization of the aneurysm was seen in 3 cases (16%). In one patient who had bilateral aneurysms, the aneurysm on the untreated side was enlarged with increasing time. During the follow-up period, 18 patients had a modified Rankin score of 0 -1, and all these patients had stable clinical condition with no newly-developed neurological dysfunction or re-bleeding. Conclusion For the treatment of ophthalmic segment aneurysms of internal carotid, endovascular embolization is minimally-invasive, safe and effective, although its long-term effect and safety need to be further studied.

Feasibility Studies ; Humans ; Ligation ; Paranasal Sinuses ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

BACKGROUND:Due to special physiological and anatomical location, stability of the spine is very complicated during thoracolumbar fractures. It is difficult to identify the stability of the spine. It should be based on their individual circumstances, to explore more effective internal fixation repair method.
OBJECTIVE:To explore the Cobb’s angle and vertebral height of patients with thoracolumbar fracture and spinal cord compression treated with posterior laminectomy and screw fixation, and compared with anterior laminectomy.
METHODS:One hundred patients with thoracolumbar fracture and spinal cord compression, who were treated in the Panyu District Central Hospital from January 2013 to November 2014, were enroled in this study. The patients were equaly and randomly divided into posterior laminectomy fixation group and anterior laminectomy fixation group. Tactile and sports of American Spinal Injury Association scores, Cobb’s angle and vertebral height were assessed before treatment and 1 month after treatment, and fixation effects were compared between the twogroups.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1) No significant difference in each index was detected between the two groups preoperatively (P> 0.05). (2) Tactile and sports of American Spinal Injury Association scores, Cobb’s angle and vertebral height were better in the posterior laminectomy fixation group than in the anterior laminectomy fixation group at 1 month postoperatively (P< 0.05). (3) These findings indicated that compared with the anterior laminectomy fixation, posterior laminectomy fixation for thoracolumbar fracture combined with spinal cord compression obtained better outcomes, and could obviously relieve spinal cord compression. Posterior laminectomy fixation isasafe and effective treatment method for thoracolumbar fracture and spinal cord compression.

Objective To evaluate the diagnostic value and limitation of multichannel intraluminal esophageal impedance and pH (MII-pH) monitoring on the diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux-related chronic cough (GERC).Methods The patients with suspicious GERC consecutively referred to our respiratory clinic between May 2010 and July 2011 underwent a MII-pH monitoring,and received anti-reflux drug therapy,irrespective of the laboratory findings.Chronic cough due to gastroesophageal reflux was determined when there was a favorable response to anti-reflux therapy.Then,the sensitivity,specificity,false positive and negative rate,total consistence,positively and negatively predictive value,the area under the curve of ROC and the Kappa value of the laboratory investigation were calculated for the diagnosis of GERC.Results During the research period,56 patients completed MII-pH monitoring.Among them,the abnormal reflux was found in 35 patients,and GERC was finally confirmed in 30 patients (85.7％) including 25 patients (83.3％) due to acid reflux and 5 patients (16.7％) due to non-acid reflux.In the remaining 21 patients with normal reflux episodes,6 patients (28.6％) could be explained by non-acid reflux for their cough because of a relatively predominant weakly acid reflux and favorable response to empirical anti-reflux therapy.For the diagnosis of GERC,MII-pH monitoring had the sensitivity of 83.3％,the specificity of 75.0％,false positive rate of 25.0％,false negative rate of 16.7％,total consistence of 80.4％,positive predictive value of 85.7％,negative predictive value of 71.4％,the area under the curve of ROC of 0.792 and Kappa value of 0.577 respectively.Conclusion MII-pH is a sensitive and reliable tool for the diagnosis of GERC due to its ability to detect both acid and non-acid reflux.

Objective To investigate the dynamic changes of vascular endothelium secreted factors after oral fatty meal test and the correlation of the factors with blood lipid in elderly diabetic patients. Methods Thirty-six elderly diabetic patients (diabetic group) and twenty heahhy elderly subjects(control group) were selected into the study and received oral fatty meal test for 6 hours. Diabetic group was divided into three subgroups, including fasting hypertriglyceridemia subgroup, postprandial hypertriglyceridemia subgroup and postprandial normotriglyceridemia subgroup. Serum nitric oxide (NO), endothelin-1 (ET-1), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAl-1) and tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) were measured before and after oral fatty meal test. Results (1) The level of serum NO was significantly increased and ET-1 was significantly reduced in control group 2 hours after oral fatty meal test and were returned to basal state 6 hours after the test. But in diabetic group, postprandial serum NO level were decreased and ET-1 were increased gradually and reached to the peak 6 hours after oral fatty meal test. The ratio of NO/ET-1 was lower in diabetic group than that in control group (P< 0.01). There were important differences among fasting hypertriglyceridemia subgroup, postprandial hypertriglyceridemia subgroup and postprandial normotriglyeeridemia subgroup(P<0.05 or<0.01). (2) The level of PAl-1 was increased and t-PA was decreased slightly 4 hours after oral fatty meal test in control and diabetic groups. Compared with control group, PAI-1/ t-PA obviously increased in diabetic group. Meanwhile, PAI-1/t-PA in fasting hypertriglyeeridemia and postprandial hypertriglyceridemia subgroups were significantly higher than that in postprandial normotriglyceridemia subgroup(P<0. 05 or<0.01). (3) In the diabetic group, TG was negatively correlated with NO and t-PA(r=-0.360 P<0.05; r=-0.649, P<0.01) and positively correlated with ET-1 and PAI-1(r=0.421,P<0.01;r=0.520,P<0.01). Conclusions The elderly diabetic patients suffer from the imbalance of vascular endothelium secreted factors. The postprandial abnormal TG metabolism may aggravate the change and further damage the vascular endothelial function.