Objective To learn the current anesthesiologists deployment at the hospital,and to figure out how to measure anesthesiologists deployment.Methods Existing data and expert consultation were used to obtain various indicators,and the current anesthesiologists deployment was analyzed,calculating with the formula the needed number of anesthesiologists.Results Despite the rising demand and resource utilization,anesthesiologists were found in obvious shortage at the hospital.The number of anesthesiologists needed was calculated as 101.4,with a vacancy of 11.4.Conclusion The national health authorities were recommended to revise the standard of anesthesiologists deployment at hospitals.

Objective To analyze the clinical outcomes of patients treated with in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET) and influence factors of pregnancy rate. Methods We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 12 491 cycles, including 6832 fresh IVF/intracytoplast single sperm injection (ICSI) cycles and 5659 frozen embryo transfer (FET) cycles from 2005 to 2007. Results The clinical pregnancy rate per cycle was 32. 99% (2254/6832)in fresh embryo transfer program, and the live birth rate was 25.75% (1394/5413); the early pregnant loss rate was 9. 36% (211/2254), and the prenatal defect rate was 1.45% (25/1722). Through analysis of these patients' basic data, we found that the patients' age, causes for infertility, egg retrieval and cycle number affected the pregnancy rate. Using logistic regression method, we found that patients′ age was the most important factor affecting pregnancy outcome. In FET cycles, the clinical pregnancy rate was 38.08% (2155/5659), significantly higher than fresh embryo transfer cycles. Conclusions IVF-ET treatment is a safe and effective method for infertility couples. However, the female age and poor ovarian response are the main factors affecting pregnancy rate. Thawed embryo transfer can increase the accumulated pregnancy rate effectively.

Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Brain ; blood supply ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Female ; Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain ; physiopathology ; Immunohistochemistry ; Lipopolysaccharides ; toxicity ; Male ; Models, Animal ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; analysis

0.01),which were significantly different from group Ⅲ(P

OBJECTIVETo study the pollution status of Legionella species in hot spring vacation center and the related factors.

METHODSField surveys were performed in four big hot spring vacation centers of Changping district. Uniform questionnaires was used and colony count was made together with the isolation of Legionella species from hot spring water based on mip gene typing.

RESULTS47 isolates of Legionella pneumophila (Lp) from 87 samples showed 4 serotypes as Lp1, Lp6, Lp12, Lp5 with percent of 57.45%, 21.28%, 14.89%, 6.38% respectively. The hot spring centers controlled the temperature of recycled water between 34-47 degrees C by hot water heating and filtrating system. All the isolates were cultured from the hot water with temperature between 34-44 degrees C: 56.75% (21/37) in high temperature (40-47 degrees C) and 61.90% (26/42) in low temperature (34-39.9 degrees C). There were no statistically significant difference between the high and the low temperature samples (P > 0.05). In the four hot spring vacation centers, the pH value was under control at 6.4-7.3 and the ambient temperature was under control between 26-28 degrees C. The humidity was controlled between 56% -69% relative humidity, which were the best growing conditions for the Legionella species. Disinfectors as chlorine deviratives was used in the four hot spring vacation centers. Though the concentration of chlorine in the water was 0.3-0.5 mg/L, 14.29%-48.00% of the samples were still positive of having Legionella species.

CONCLUSIONThe pollution of Legionella species was considered to be quite serious in the four hot spring vacation centers and the predominant serotype was Lp1. The pH and temperature of the hot spring water, ambient temperature and humidity and the way of heating up the water were the best conditions for the growth of Legionella species in these centers. Because of the high temperature of the hot spring water, chlorine of the disinfector volatilized quickly, affecting the effect of disinfection. The result revealed that water temperature achieving 44 degrees C could have had the effect of prevention.

China ; Disinfection ; Environmental Monitoring ; Hot Springs ; microbiology ; Legionella ; growth & development ; isolation & purification ; Temperature ; Travel ; Water Microbiology

Objective To investigate the expression and significance of Caspase-3 and Survivin at different stages of human hemangioma in children.Methods Fifty-five specimens of hemangioma tissue excised in operation and 8 normal skins removed in operation were harvested from People's Hospital of Gansu Province between Jan.2000 and Dec.2005.The pathologic diagnosis was divided into 3 groups according to Mulliken's standard under microscope:proliferated phase group(n=31),degenerated phase group(n=24),and control group(n=8).All these specimens were examined by immunohisto for Caspase-3 and Survivin expression.Results Caspase-3 positive rate in the proliferative phase and involuting phase were 35.5% and 79.2%,respectively.The positive rate in involuting phase was higher than that that in proliferative phase,the difference between the 2 groups was significant(P=0.045 9).A significant difference was not found between the proliferative phase and normal skin tissue(P=0.057 3).Survivin positive rate in the proliferating and involuting phase were 77.4% and 45.8%,respectively.The positive rate in proliferative phase was higher than that in involuting phase,the difference between the 2 groups was significant(P=0.008 5),the difference in involuting phase and normal skin tissue was not significant(P=0.059 3).Conclusions High level of Caspase-3 expression in vascular endothelial cells in involuting phase in contrast to that in proliferative phase,which indicates that Caspase-3 may play a positive role in the apoptosis of vascular endothelial cells.Survivin may inhibit the apoptosis of vascular endothelial cells in proliferative phase due to it's high expression.Caspase-3 and Surivivin involved in the hemangioma in the regulation of apoptosis.J Appl Clin Pediatr,2009,24(1):51-52

OBJECTIVETo explore the complexity of mRNA in the ejaculated sperm from healthy fertile men.

METHODSSemen samples were collected from 10 healthy fathers. The swim-up method was adopted to purify the sperm from possible contamination of somatic cells and the spermatozoal total RNA extracted by Trizol was used for SAGE library analysis.

RESULTSA totle of 21 052 SAGE raw tags were sequenced from 877 clones and 2 712 unique tags that occurred at least twice in the library were given further analysis. 19.7% of the unique tags had no match in the existing SAGE map, representing novel genes. Molecular function analysis revealed 67% of unique tags related to protein binding or nucleic acid binding categories, 41% to catalytic activity, 13% to message transducer activity, and 10% to transporter, structural and transcription regulator activity, respectively.

CONCLUSIONThere exists a complex repertoire of mRNAs in the ejaculated spermatozoa from fertile men.

Adult ; Ejaculation ; Expressed Sequence Tags ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Humans ; Male ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; Spermatozoa ; physiology

OBJECTIVETo assess the role of probiotics in the prevention of neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) and to investigate the risk factors for NEC.

METHODSA total of 2528 hospitalized neonates between January 2002 and May 2005 were assigned into either receiving prophylactic use of probiotics bifoco (Prevention group, n=1182) or without probiotics supplementation (Control group, n = 1346). The incidence of NEC was compared between the two groups. The risk factors for NEC were investigated by conditional logistic regression multifactorial analysis.

RESULTSThere were 19 cases of NEC in the Control group (1.41%), but only 6 cases in the Prevention group (0.51%) (P < 0.05). Gestational age (OR = 5.521), hypoxicdouble ended arrowischemic encephalopathy (OR = 3.887), specticemia (OR = 4.854) and critical illness scores (OR = 5.989) were the risk factors for NEC, while the prophylactic use of probiotics was an independent protective factor for NEC (OR = 0.255).

CONCLUSIONSThe prophylactic use of probiotics may reduce the incidence of NEC in neonates.

Case-Control Studies ; Enterocolitis, Necrotizing ; prevention & control ; Female ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Probiotics ; therapeutic use

BACKGROUNDIt is a challenge for the surgeons to accurately diagnose the pancreatic masses preoperatively, which decides the choice of surgical managements and subsequently results in different survivor outcomes, operative complications, and mortality rates. The purposes of this study were to evaluate the diagnostic role that intra-operative puncture biopsy may play in pancreatic masses and to explore the relevant factors influencing the diagnosis.

METHODSA retrospective study was performed on 94 in-patients admitted to Peking University First Hospital for pancreatic masses during the period from June 1994 to December 2007. They all underwent intra-operative puncture biopsy during exploratory laparotomy. The sensitivity and specificity of intra-operative puncture biopsy were calculated and the relevant factors to the diagnosis of biopsy were selected for the statistical analysis.

RESULTSThe overall sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of intra-operative puncture biopsy were 76.0%, 94.7%, 98.3% and 50.0%, respectively. The analysis of bivariate correlations showed that the size of the pancreatic masses (P = 0.000), the number of puncture biopsies (P = 0.000), and the presence of pancreatic fibrosis (P = 0.012) had statistic significance for the diagnosis. But the multivariate analysis identified the size of the pancreatic masses (P = 0.004) and the number of puncture biopsies (P = 0.000) as independent predictive factors for intra-operative puncture biopsy. In addition, as the number of puncture biopsies increased, the sensitivity and specificity of diagnosis was improved (P = 0.000). The sensitivity and specificity of intra-operative puncture biopsy were found to be lower for the pancreatic masses less than 25 mm compared with the masses larger than 25 mm (P = 0.000). It was noted, however, that even if the masses were less than 25 mm, the sensitivity and specificity could be improved significantly as the number of puncture biopsies reached 3 to 6 (P = 0.007).

CONCLUSIONSIntra-operative puncture biopsy is simple and accurate for qualitatively differentiating various types of pancreatic masses. Three to 4 biopsies could significantly improve the diagnostic effect for pancreatic masses, even if the masses are less than 25 mm in size.

Aged ; Biopsy, Needle ; methods ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pancreas ; surgery ; Pancreatic Diseases ; diagnosis ; Pancreatic Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Sensitivity and Specificity

OBJECTIVETo study the possible anti-apoptotic mechanism of ginsenoside Rg1 on the apoptosis of hippocampal neuron after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury rats.

METHODSTotally 120 healthy male adult SD rats were randomly divided into the cerebral I/R model group (the model group), the low dose ginsenoside Rg1 group (10 mg/kg), the middle dose ginsenoside Rg1 group (20 mg/kg), the high dose ginsenoside Rg1 group (40 mg/kg), and the sham-operation group, 18 in each group. Rats received medication by peritoneal injection. Equal volume of normal saline was peritoneally injected to rats in the sham-operation group and the model group, once daily, for 7 successive days. The cerebral I/R injury model was prepared by 2-h middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) followed by 24-h reperfusion. Rats in the sham-operation group received the same surgical procedure without the carotid arteries occluded. The neurofunction was assessed using Longa EZ method. The injury of hippocampal pyramidal cells was observed by Nissel staining and TUNEL assay. The nerve cell apoptosis rate was calculated. The protein expression levels of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (p-ERK1/2), c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK), and phosphorylated c-Jun N-terminal kinase (p-JNK) were detected using Western blot.

RESULTSCompared with the sham-operation group, the score of neurofunction, the apoptosis rate, the expression levels of p-JNK and p-ERK1/2 increased, the survived number of pyramidal cells decreased in the model group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). Compared with the model group, the score of neurofunction and the apoptosis rate decreased in each ginsenoside Rg1 group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). The survived number of pyramidal cells increased in the high and middle dose ginsenoside Rg1 groups, the expression of p-JNK in the hippocampal CA1 region decreased, and the expression level of p-ERK1/2 increased (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). Compared with the low dose ginsenoside Rg1 group, the score of neurofunction, the apoptosis rate, the p-JNK protein expression decreased, the survived number of pyramidal cells increased, the expression of p-ERK1/2 increased in the high and middle dose ginsenoside Rg1 groups (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). Three to four layers of pyramidal cells were arranged tightly and compactly in the hippocampal CA1 region of the sham - operation group. The nucleus was big and round under high power lens, with 1 -2 kernel. After cerebral I/R injury, the hippocampal nerve cells were severely injured. Normal structure was lost in the CA1 region, with disarranged cell line and reduced cell amount. Partial neurons were shrunken, and the kernel was condensed and darkenedly stained. They were in triangular, long strip, fusiform, or irregular shape. The staining of nucleus was clustered and the kernel was not clear. Ginsenoside Rg1 (20 and 40 mg/kg) could improve the morphology of ischemic nerve cells, reduce their loss. Of them, stronger effects were shown in the high dose ginsenoside Rg1 group than in the middle dose ginsenoside Rg1 group. The JNK protein band was divided into two subzones, JNK1 (46 kD) and JNK2 (54 kD). ERK protein band was also divided into two subzones, ERK1 (44 kD) and ERK2 (42 kD).

CONCLUSIONThe protective effect of ginsenoside Rg1 on cerebral I/R injury was correlated with inhibiting the apoptosis of hippocampal neurons, regulating the expression levels of p-ERK1/2 and p-JNK.

Animals ; Brain Ischemia ; metabolism ; Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases ; metabolism ; Ginsenosides ; pharmacology ; JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases ; metabolism ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Reperfusion Injury ; metabolism